Capybaras(水豚) are the largest rodents(啮齿动物) on the earth. Seeing them in the wild, you might be surprised at first because they look like giant guinea pigs, which are in fact one of their closest relatives. Capybaras' bodies are covered in reddish-brown fur. A capybara weighs around 50 kilograms and female capybaras are usually a little heavier than the males.
Most of them live in South America and like to stay in comfortable places with lots of water. Pantanal, the world's largest freshwater wetland, is a perfect place for them to live. Capybaras usually eat grass. But they sometimes eat their own poop(排泄物) because it is helpful for them to get all the things they need.
With good personalities, capybaras have become increasingly popular on social media. They get along with almost all the other animals and share their homes with birds and turtles, just like a big animal family living together peacefully. They are calm and don't really care about what goes on around them. Other animals can do whatever they feel like if they don't hurt the capybaras. But if capybaras are aware of a risk, they may attack others to protect themselves.
Capybaras are good swimmers. They usually live in groups of 10 to 20 (and up to 100 during the dry season). They also like communicating with each other very much. They express themselves by making different kinds of sounds, including purring, barking, whistling and grunting. Each sound has an important meaning, from warning the group of danger to sending signals of leaving. It's like a capybara language.
语篇类型:说明文
难度:★★
任务一 选择正确答案
1. What does the word "warning" mean?
A. Telling ... about danger.
B. Saying hello to.
C. Showing the way.
D. Making friends.
2. What is the main idea of Paragraph 4?
A. Capybaras are good at swimming and chatting.
B. Capybaras live in large groups only in the dry season.
C. Capybaras can make only one kind of sound.
D. Capybaras talk with each other by body language.
3. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Capybaras hate staying with other animals.
B. Capybaras like living near water.
C. Capybaras never hurt other animals.
D. Capybaras are not popular online.
4. Where may we read this passage?
A. In a storybook.
B. In a math textbook.
C. In a travel guide.
D. In a science magazine.
任务二 回答问题
1. What kind of animal are capybaras?
2. Where do most capybaras live?
3. Why do capybaras sometimes eat their own poop?
4. How do capybaras communicate with each other?
5. What do you think of capybaras according to the passage?（请自拟一句话作答）
Most of them live in South America and like to stay in comfortable places with lots of water. Pantanal, the world's largest freshwater wetland, is a perfect place for them to live. Capybaras usually eat grass. But they sometimes eat their own poop(排泄物) because it is helpful for them to get all the things they need.
With good personalities, capybaras have become increasingly popular on social media. They get along with almost all the other animals and share their homes with birds and turtles, just like a big animal family living together peacefully. They are calm and don't really care about what goes on around them. Other animals can do whatever they feel like if they don't hurt the capybaras. But if capybaras are aware of a risk, they may attack others to protect themselves.
Capybaras are good swimmers. They usually live in groups of 10 to 20 (and up to 100 during the dry season). They also like communicating with each other very much. They express themselves by making different kinds of sounds, including purring, barking, whistling and grunting. Each sound has an important meaning, from warning the group of danger to sending signals of leaving. It's like a capybara language.
语篇类型:说明文
难度:★★
任务一 选择正确答案
1. What does the word "warning" mean?
A. Telling ... about danger.
B. Saying hello to.
C. Showing the way.
D. Making friends.
2. What is the main idea of Paragraph 4?
A. Capybaras are good at swimming and chatting.
B. Capybaras live in large groups only in the dry season.
C. Capybaras can make only one kind of sound.
D. Capybaras talk with each other by body language.
3. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Capybaras hate staying with other animals.
B. Capybaras like living near water.
C. Capybaras never hurt other animals.
D. Capybaras are not popular online.
4. Where may we read this passage?
A. In a storybook.
B. In a math textbook.
C. In a travel guide.
D. In a science magazine.
任务二 回答问题
1. What kind of animal are capybaras?
They are the largest rodents on the earth.
2. Where do most capybaras live?
Most of them live in South America.
3. Why do capybaras sometimes eat their own poop?
Because it is helpful for them to get all the things they need.
4. How do capybaras communicate with each other?
By making different kinds of sounds.
5. What do you think of capybaras according to the passage?（请自拟一句话作答）
I think capybaras are calm, friendly and smart animals.(言之有理即可)
答案：[语篇解读] 本文主要介绍了水豚的生活习性。
任务一
1. A 词义猜测题。根据“Each sound has an important meaning, from warning the group of danger to sending signals of leaving.”可知，warning 的意思是“告诉……有危险”。方法归纳阅读理解之词义猜测题先在文中找到该词所在句子，重点结合上下文语境，利用前后的同义、反义、因果、举例等逻辑关系进行推断。关注文中的定义解释、同位语、转折词、举例词等线索，再对比选项，排除与语境不符、过于片面或字面直译的答案，选出最符合上下文意思的选项。
2. A 段落大意题。根据文章第四段内容可知，本段主要介绍了水豚擅长游泳，并且会通过不同的声音互相交流。3. B 细节理解题。根据“Most of them live in South America and like to stay in comfortable places with lots of water.”可知，水豚喜欢生活在有水的地方。
4. D 推理判断题。本文是介绍动物水豚的科普文章，因此我们可能在科学杂志上读到这篇文章。
任务二
1. They are the largest rodents on the earth.
2. Most of them live in South America.
3. Because it is helpful for them to get all the things they need.
4. By making different kinds of sounds.
5. I think capybaras are calm, friendly and smart animals.(言之有理即可)
任务一
1. A 词义猜测题。根据“Each sound has an important meaning, from warning the group of danger to sending signals of leaving.”可知，warning 的意思是“告诉……有危险”。方法归纳阅读理解之词义猜测题先在文中找到该词所在句子，重点结合上下文语境，利用前后的同义、反义、因果、举例等逻辑关系进行推断。关注文中的定义解释、同位语、转折词、举例词等线索，再对比选项，排除与语境不符、过于片面或字面直译的答案，选出最符合上下文意思的选项。
2. A 段落大意题。根据文章第四段内容可知，本段主要介绍了水豚擅长游泳，并且会通过不同的声音互相交流。3. B 细节理解题。根据“Most of them live in South America and like to stay in comfortable places with lots of water.”可知，水豚喜欢生活在有水的地方。
4. D 推理判断题。本文是介绍动物水豚的科普文章，因此我们可能在科学杂志上读到这篇文章。
任务二
1. They are the largest rodents on the earth.
2. Most of them live in South America.
3. Because it is helpful for them to get all the things they need.
4. By making different kinds of sounds.
5. I think capybaras are calm, friendly and smart animals.(言之有理即可)
解析：
【解析】
任务一：
1. 词义猜测题：定位文中划线词所在句子“Each sound has an important meaning, from warning the group of danger to sending signals of leaving.”，结合语境可知warning的含义和告知危险相关，对应选项A。
2. 段落大意题：通读第四段，该段先后介绍了水豚擅长游泳、群居的特点，以及会通过不同的声音互相交流，对应选项A；其余选项B“仅在旱季群居”、C“只能发出一种声音”、D“用肢体语言交流”均和原文内容不符。
3. 推理判断题：根据文中“Most of them live in South America and like to stay in comfortable places with lots of water.”可推知水豚喜欢住在靠近水的地方，对应选项B；其余选项A“讨厌和其他动物共处”、C“从不伤害其他动物”、D“在网上不受欢迎”均和原文表述相悖。
4. 文章出处题：本文是介绍水豚相关知识的科普说明文，最有可能出现在科学杂志中，对应选项D。
任务二：
1. 直接定位文章首句“Capybaras are the largest rodents on the earth.”提取答案即可。
2. 定位第二段首句“Most of them live in South America and like to stay in comfortable places with lots of water.”提取对应信息作答。
3. 定位第二段末尾“But they sometimes eat their own poop because it is helpful for them to get all the things they need.”提取对应原因作答。
4. 定位第四段“They express themselves by making different kinds of sounds, including purring, barking, whistling and grunting.”提取交流方式的信息作答。
5. 结合文中介绍的水豚性格温和、友好、会用不同声音交流等特点，组织符合文意的语句即可，言之有理即可得分。
【答案】
任务一：
1. A
2. A
3. B
4. D
任务二：
1. They are the largest rodents on the earth.
2. Most of them live in South America.
3. Because it is helpful for them to get all the things they need.
4. By making different kinds of sounds.
5. I think capybaras are calm, friendly and smart animals.(言之有理即可)
【知识点】
阅读理解词义猜测，阅读理解细节查找，科普文信息提取
【点评】
本题是介绍水豚的科普类阅读理解题，考点覆盖词义猜测、段落大意、推理判断、文章出处和信息提取问答，难度适中，既考查学生快速定位文本关键信息的能力，也引导学生了解趣味动物知识，最后一道开放性设问还能锻炼学生的信息整合和语言表达能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
任务一：
1. 词义猜测题：定位文中划线词所在句子“Each sound has an important meaning, from warning the group of danger to sending signals of leaving.”，结合语境可知warning的含义和告知危险相关，对应选项A。
2. 段落大意题：通读第四段，该段先后介绍了水豚擅长游泳、群居的特点，以及会通过不同的声音互相交流，对应选项A；其余选项B“仅在旱季群居”、C“只能发出一种声音”、D“用肢体语言交流”均和原文内容不符。
3. 推理判断题：根据文中“Most of them live in South America and like to stay in comfortable places with lots of water.”可推知水豚喜欢住在靠近水的地方，对应选项B；其余选项A“讨厌和其他动物共处”、C“从不伤害其他动物”、D“在网上不受欢迎”均和原文表述相悖。
4. 文章出处题：本文是介绍水豚相关知识的科普说明文，最有可能出现在科学杂志中，对应选项D。
任务二：
1. 直接定位文章首句“Capybaras are the largest rodents on the earth.”提取答案即可。
2. 定位第二段首句“Most of them live in South America and like to stay in comfortable places with lots of water.”提取对应信息作答。
3. 定位第二段末尾“But they sometimes eat their own poop because it is helpful for them to get all the things they need.”提取对应原因作答。
4. 定位第四段“They express themselves by making different kinds of sounds, including purring, barking, whistling and grunting.”提取交流方式的信息作答。
5. 结合文中介绍的水豚性格温和、友好、会用不同声音交流等特点，组织符合文意的语句即可，言之有理即可得分。
【答案】
任务一：
1. A
2. A
3. B
4. D
任务二：
1. They are the largest rodents on the earth.
2. Most of them live in South America.
3. Because it is helpful for them to get all the things they need.
4. By making different kinds of sounds.
5. I think capybaras are calm, friendly and smart animals.(言之有理即可)
【知识点】
阅读理解词义猜测，阅读理解细节查找，科普文信息提取
【点评】
本题是介绍水豚的科普类阅读理解题，考点覆盖词义猜测、段落大意、推理判断、文章出处和信息提取问答，难度适中，既考查学生快速定位文本关键信息的能力，也引导学生了解趣味动物知识，最后一道开放性设问还能锻炼学生的信息整合和语言表达能力。
【难度系数】
0.7