$解:(1) \because P A 与 \odot O 相切于点 A, $
$\therefore O A \perp P A . $
$\therefore \angle P A B=90^{\circ} . $
$\therefore \angle A O P=90^{\circ}-\angle P=90^{\circ}-20^{\circ}=70^{\circ} . $
$\therefore \angle B=\frac {1}{2} \angle A O C=\frac {1}{2} \times 70^{\circ}=35^{\circ} $
$(2) 连接 D B 、 O D. $
$\because 弦 A D \perp O P 于点 E, $
$\therefore A E=D E, \widehat{A C}=\widehat{D C} . $
$\because O A=O B, A E=D E, $
$\therefore O E 为 \triangle A B D 的中位线. $
$\therefore O E=\frac {1}{2}\ \mathrm {B} D .$
$ \because O E=\frac {1}{2}\ \mathrm {C} D, $
$\therefore C D=D B . $
$\therefore \widehat{C D}=\widehat{B D}.$
$∴\widehat{AC}=\widehat{CD}=\widehat{DB}$
$\therefore \angle A O C=\angle C O D=\angle B O D=60^{\circ} .$
$ \because P A 为 \odot O 的切线,$
$\therefore \angle P A O=90^{\circ}$
$ \therefore \angle P=90^{\circ}-\angle A O P=90^{\circ}-60^{\circ}=30^{\circ}$