解:
(1)设$y = \frac{m}{x}.$$\because$函数图像过点$(10,6),$
$\therefore m = xy = 10\times6 = 60.$
$\therefore$当$10\leq x\leq30$时,$y$与$x$的函数关系式为$y = \frac{60}{x}.$
(2)$\because y = \frac{60}{x},$$\therefore$当$x = 30$时,$y = \frac{60}{30} = 2.$
$x\geq30$时,设$y = kx + b,$
$\because$函数图像过点$(30,2),$温度每上升$1\ ^{\circ}C,$电阻增加$\frac{4}{15}\ k\Omega,$$\therefore$函数图像过点$(31,2\frac{4}{15}),$
$\therefore\begin{cases}30k + b = 2,\\31k + b = 2\frac{4}{15},\end{cases}$ 解得$\begin{cases}k = \frac{4}{15},\\b = - 6,\end{cases}$
故$x\gt30$时,$y$与$x$的函数关系式为$y = \frac{4}{15}x - 6.$
(3)$y = \frac{60}{x}$中,当$y = 5$时,$x = 12;$
$y = \frac{4}{15}x - 6$中,当$y = 5$时,$x = 41\frac{1}{4}.$
$\therefore$温度$x$的取值范围是$12\leq x\leq41\frac{1}{4}.$