$(1)$证明:∵$AB = AC,$$P $是$BC$边上的中点,∴$BP = P C,$$AP\perp BC$
∴在$Rt\triangle AP {B}$中,$AB^2=AP^2+BP^2$
∴$AB^2-AP^2=BP^2=BP·CP,$即$BP·CP=AB^2-AP^2$
$(2)$解:成立,证明:如图,过点$A$作$AM\perp BC$于点$M$
∵$AB = AC,$$AM\perp BC,$∴$BM = CM$
∴$BM + MP = CM + PM = CP$
∵在$Rt\triangle AMB$中,$AB^2=AM^2+BM^2;$
在$Rt\triangle AMP {中},$$AP^2=AM^2+MP^2$
∴$AB^2-AP^2=BM^2-MP^2=(BM - MP)(BM + MP)=BP·CP$