解:(1)因为$\angle AFG$是$\triangle FEC$的外角,
所以$\angle AFG = \angle C + \angle E。$
同理,可得$\angle AGF = \angle B + \angle D。$
在$\triangle AFG$中,$\angle A + \angle AFG + \angle AGF = 180^{\circ},$
所以$\angle A + \angle B + \angle C + \angle D + \angle E = 180^{\circ}。$
(2)因为五角星的五个顶角的度数相等,
所以$\angle A = \angle B = \angle C = \angle D = \angle E=\frac{180^{\circ}}{5}=36^{\circ}。$
所以$\angle AGB = \angle B + \angle D = 72^{\circ}。$
因为$\angle 1 + \angle AGB = 180^{\circ},$
所以$\angle 1 = 180^{\circ}-\angle AGB = 180^{\circ}-72^{\circ}=108^{\circ}。$