$ (1)$证明:∵$BE\perp CD,$∴$∠BEC = ∠FEC = 90°$
∴$∠F+∠F CE = 90°$
∵$∠BAC = 90°,$$∠BAC+∠F AB = 180°$
∴$∠F AB = 180°-∠BAC = 90°$
∴$∠F+∠F BA = 90°$
∴$∠F BA = ∠F CE,$即$∠F BA = ∠DCA$
$ $在$\triangle AF B$和$\triangle ADC$中
$\begin {cases}∠F AB = ∠DAC\\AB = AC\\∠F BA = ∠DCA\end {cases}$
∴$\triangle AF B≌\triangle ADC(AS A)$
∴$AF = AD$
$ $又$AB = AD + BD,$∴$AB = AF + BD$
$ (2)$解:$(1)$中的结论不成立
$ $当点$D$在$AB$的延长线上时,$AB = AF - BD$
$ $当点$D$在$AB$的反向延长线上时,$AB = BD - AF$