解:$(2)① $如图$①,$
因为$∠COE = ∠EOD = ∠DOF,$$∠COE + ∠EOD = ∠COD = 90°,$
$ $所以$∠COE = ∠EOD = 45°。$
$ $所以$∠AOE = ∠AOC + ∠COE = 30°+45°=75°。$
② 根据题意,得$∠AOE=(4t)°,$$∠AOC=(30 + t)°。$
如图②,记$OD$与$EF $的交点为$H。$
$ $因为$OD\perp EF,$所以$∠OHE = 90°。$
$ $又因为$∠E = 45°,$所以$∠HOE = 45°。$
$ $又因为$∠COD = 90°,$所以$∠COE = 45°。$
$ $所以$∠AOE - ∠AOC = 45°,$即$(4t)°-(30 + t)°=45°,$
$ 4t - 30 - t = 45$
$ 3t = 75$
$ t = 25。$
$ $所以当$OD\perp EF $时,$t $的值为$25。$
