解:$(1)$如图所示$ $
$(2)$观察数据,选择一次函数模型$y = kx + b$
$ $取$(23,$$156)$和$(24,$$163)$代入$y = kx + b$
得$\begin {cases}23k + b=156\\24k + b=163\end {cases},$解得$\begin {cases}{k = 7}\\{b =-5}\end {cases}$
∴函数表达式为$y = 7x-5$
$ (3)$当$x = 25.8$时,代入得$ y=7×25.8-5=175.6(\mathrm {cm})$