证明:$(1) $连接$ OB 。$
∵$BE $是$ \odot O $的切线,
∴$OB \perp BE。$
∴$∠OBD + ∠EBD = 90°。$
∵$AD $是$ \odot O $的直径,
∴$∠ABD = 90°。$
∴$∠ABO + ∠OBD = 90°。$
∴$∠EBD = ∠ABO。$
∵$OA = OB,$
∴$∠OAB = ∠ABO。$
∴$∠OAB = ∠EBD。$
∵$BD = BC,$
∴$\overset {\frown }{BD} = \overset {\frown }{BC}。$
∴$∠BAD = ∠CAB。$
∴$∠EBD = ∠CAB。$
$(2)$连接$CD,$交$OB$于点$M.$
∵$\overset {\frown }{BD}=\overset {\frown }{BC},$
∴$CM=MD,$$OB⊥CD. $又
∵$OA=OD,$
∴$OM$为$△ACD$的中位线$.$
∴$OM=\frac {1}{2}AC=\frac {5}{2}. $
设$⊙O$的半径为$r,$则$BM=r-\frac {5}{2}.$
∵在$Rt△OMD$和$Rt△BMD$中,
由勾股定理,得$DM²=OD²-OM²=BD²-BM².$
∵$BD=BC=\sqrt {3},$
∴$r²-(\frac {5}{2})²=(\sqrt {3})²-(r-\frac {5}{2})²,$解得$r=3($负值舍去$).$
∴$AD=2r=6.$
∵$AD$是$⊙O$的直径,
∴$∠ACD=90°.$
∴在$Rt△ACD$中,$sin∠ADC=\frac {AC}{AD}=\frac {5}{6}.$
∵$\overset {\frown }{AC}=\overset {\frown }{AC},$
∴$∠CBA=∠ADC.$
∴$sin∠CBA=\frac {5}{6}$