解:$ (1)$在$\triangle ABC$中,$∠B=75°,$$∠C=45°,$
∴$∠A=60°。$
由$\frac {BC}{sin A}=\frac {AB}{sin C},$$BC=2,$得$\frac {2}{\mathrm {sin}60°}=\frac {AB}{\mathrm {sin}45°},$
$AB=\mathrm {sin}45°×\frac {2}{\mathrm {sin}60°}=\frac {\sqrt {2}}{2}×\frac {2}{\frac {\sqrt {3}}{2}}=\frac {2\sqrt {6}}{3}。$
$(2)$在$\triangle ABC$中,由$\frac {AB}{\sin ∠ACB}=\frac {AC}{\sin B},$$AB=10,$
$AC=14,$$\sin ∠ACB=\frac {5\sqrt {3}}{14},$得$\frac {10}{\frac {5\sqrt {3}}{14}}=\frac {14}{\sin B},$
解得$\sin B=\frac {\sqrt {3}}{2},$
∴$∠B=60°。$
设$BD=x,$则$AD=10 - x,$$CD=\sqrt {3}x。$
在$Rt\triangle ADC$中,$(\sqrt {3}x)^2+(10 - x)^2=14^2,$解得$x=8,$
∴$CD=8\sqrt {3}$