解:设球的半径为$r,$则球的直径为$2r,$
圆柱和圆锥的高$h = 2r,$底面半径$R = r。$
圆柱体积:$V_{圆柱} = \pi R^2 h = \pi r^2 \times 2r = 2\pi r^3$
圆锥体积:
$V_{圆锥} = \frac{1}{3}\pi R^2 h = \frac{1}{3}\pi r^2 \times 2r = \frac{2}{3}\pi r^3$
由题意,球的体积$V_{球} = V_{圆柱} - V_{圆锥} = 2\pi r^3 - \frac{2}{3}\pi r^3 = \frac{4}{3}\pi r^3$
答:球的体积公式为$V = \frac{4}{3}\pi r^3。$