解:(1) $\begin{cases} 3x-2y=5① \\ 9x-4y=19② \end{cases}$
将②变形为$3(3x-2y)+2y=19$③,
把①代入③,得$3×5+2y=19,$解得$y=2,$
把$y=2$代入①,得$3x-2×2=5,$解得$x=3,$
所以原方程组的解为$\begin{cases} x=3 \\ y=2 \end{cases}。$
(2) $\begin{cases} 3x^2-2xy+12y^2=47① \\ 2x^2+xy+8y^2=36② \end{cases}$
将①变形为$3(x^2+4y^2)=47+2xy,$即$x^2+4y^2=\frac{47+2xy}{3}$③,
将②变形为$2(x^2+4y^2)=36-xy$④,
把③代入④,得$2×\frac{47+2xy}{3}=36-xy,$
两边同乘3得$2(47+2xy)=108-3xy,$
整理得$7xy=14,$解得$xy=2,$
把$xy=2$代入③,得$x^2+4y^2=\frac{47+2×2}{3}=17。$