解:
(1)由题意得:
$F(243)=(423+342+234)÷111=999÷111=9;$
$F(617)=(167+716+671)÷111=1554÷111=14。$
(2)由题意得:
$F(s)=(302+10x+230+x+100x+23)÷111=(555+111x)÷111=x+5;$
$F(t)=(510+y+100y+51+105+10y)÷111=(666+111y)÷111=y+6。$
因为$F(s)+F(t)=18,$所以$x+5+y+6=18,$即$x+y=7。$
因为$s,t$都是“相异数”,所以$x≠2,x≠3$且$y≠1,y≠5。$
又因为$1≤ x≤9,1≤ y≤9,$且$x,y$都是正整数,所以可能的解为$\begin{cases}x=1\\y=6\end{cases},$$\begin{cases}x=4\\y=3\end{cases},$$\begin{cases}x=5\\y=2\end{cases}。$
因为$k=\dfrac{F(s)}{F(t)},$所以:
①当$\begin{cases}x=1\\y=6\end{cases}$时,$F(s)=6,$$F(t)=12,$则$k=\dfrac{6}{12}=\dfrac{1}{2};$
②当$\begin{cases}x=4\\y=3\end{cases}$时,$F(s)=9,$$F(t)=9,$则$k=\dfrac{9}{9}=1;$
③当$\begin{cases}x=5\\y=2\end{cases}$时,$F(s)=10,$$F(t)=8,$则$k=\dfrac{10}{8}=\dfrac{5}{4}。$
因为$\dfrac{1}{2}<1<\dfrac{5}{4},$所以$k$的最大值为$\dfrac{5}{4}。$