解:
$ (1) $过点$C$作$CF⊥ AB$于点$F,$
$ $在$Rt△ ACF_{中},$$AC=\sqrt {5},$$\cos A=\frac {\sqrt {5}}{5},$
$ $则$AF=AC·\cos A=\sqrt {5}×\frac {\sqrt {5}}{5}=1,$
$ CF=\sqrt {AC^2-AF^2}=\sqrt {(\sqrt {5})^2-1^2}=2。$
$ $设$FB=x,$在$Rt△ CFB$中,$BC=\sqrt {13},$
$ $由勾股定理得$x^2+2^2=(\sqrt {13})^2,$
解得$x=3,$
$ $因此$AB=AF+FB=1+3=4。$
答:线段$AB$的长为$4。$
$(2)$∵$CD=2BD, BC=\sqrt {13},$
∴$BD=\frac {1}{3}CB=\frac {\sqrt {13}}{3}.$
∵$FB=3, CB=\sqrt {13}, $
∴$\cos B=\frac {EB}{DB}=\frac {FB}{CB}=\frac {3}{\sqrt {13}}=\frac {3\sqrt {13}}{13}$
∴$BE=DB· cos B=\frac {\sqrt {13}}{3}× \frac {3\sqrt {13}}{13}=1. $
∴$EF=2.$
又∵$CF=2, CF⊥ AB,$
∴$\tan ∠ CEA=tan∠ CEF=\frac {CF}{EF}=1.$