解:设原多项式为$ax^2 + bx + c$(其中$a,b,c$均为常数,且$abc≠0$)
$\because 2(x - 1)(x - 9)=2(x^2 - 10x + 9)=2x^2 - 20x + 18$
$\therefore a=2,c=18$
$\because 2(x - 2)(x - 4)=2(x^2 - 6x + 8)=2x^2 - 12x + 16$
$\therefore b=-12$
$\therefore$原多项式为$2x^2 - 12x + 18$
将它分解因式,得$2x^2 - 12x + 18=2(x^2 - 6x + 9)=2(x - 3)^2$