解$: (1)①\sqrt {4-2\sqrt {3}}$
$=\sqrt {3-2\sqrt {3}+1}$
$=\sqrt {(\sqrt {3})^2-2×\sqrt {3}×1+1^2}$
$=\sqrt {(\sqrt {3}-1)^2}$
$=\sqrt {3}-1$
$ ②\sqrt {7-4\sqrt {3}}$
$=\sqrt {4-4\sqrt {3}+3}$
$=\sqrt {2^2-2×2×\sqrt {3}+(\sqrt {3})^2}$
$=\sqrt {(2-\sqrt {3})^2}$
$=2-\sqrt {3}$
$ (2)$∵$a+6\sqrt {5}=(m+\sqrt {5}n)^2=\mathrm {m^2}+5n^2+2\sqrt {5}mn$,
∴$a=\mathrm {m^2}+5n^2$,且$2mn=6$,
即$mn=3$,
∵$a,m,n$为正整数,
∴当$m=1$,$n=3$时,$a=1^2+5×3^2=1+45=46$;
$ $当$m=3$,$n=1$时,$a=3^2+5×1^2=9+5=14$;
∴$a$的值为$14$或$46$
$ (3)$∵$1≤ x≤2$,
∴$\sqrt {x+2\sqrt {x-1}}+\sqrt {x-2\sqrt {x-1}}$
$=\sqrt {(\sqrt {x-1}+1)^2}+\sqrt {(\sqrt {x-1}-1)^2}$
$ =|\sqrt {x-1}+1|+|\sqrt {x-1}-1|$
$ =\sqrt {x-1}+1+1-\sqrt {x-1}=2$,
∴原方程化为$\frac {1}{2}(x+3)=2$,
$ $解得$x+3=4$,即$x=1$