五、阅读理解
The ocean is full of amazing animals. It's also full of plastic. That's bad news for sea animals like deep-diving whales. They can mistake the plastic for food and eat it.
How do whales mix up plastic and food? A team at the Duke University, which has been looking into this question for some years, has recently published their study. It all comes down to echolocation (回声定位): a natural way that allows whales to "hear" objects in the darkest parts of the sea. There's little light at those deep parts, so it's too dark for the whales to see. But they can hear by echolocation.
The whales make a sound and then listen. They hear echoes from nearby objects. These echoes allow the whales to hunt. The scientists found that rubbish and sea animals cause similar echoes. To the whales, they "sound" the same. That can trick the whales into eating rubbish.
The scientists gathered objects such as bottles, bags, and rope. All of these have been found in the stomachs (胃) of whales. The team made sounds and recorded the strength (强度) of each echo off these objects. They then compared these echoes to those produced off the bodies of sea animals. The echoes from the plastic things were similar in strength to those returned by sea animals.
Eating rubbish is dangerous for whales. The plastic can build up in their stomachs, preventing food from passing through their bodies. This can be deadly (致命的). Merrill, the lead writer of the study, says, "The plastic impacts animals that are so far away from our daily life. This is really a big problem."
Everyone can play a part in cutting down plastic pollution. "People need to make real changes in their daily life, and then actively help deal with this problem," Merrill says.
(
A. Because the light there is very poor.
B. Because there is too much rubbish.
C. Because their eyes are badly hurt.
D. Because food is far away from them.
(
A. What kind of sounds whales make.
B. How whales mistake rubbish for food.
C. How dangerous rubbish is to whales.
D. What objects scientists find in whales.
(
A. Stores food for.
B. Gives cover to.
C. Prevents whales from.
D. Has an effect on.
(
A. Dangerous Deep Sea
B. Bad News for Sea Animals
C. Changes of Animal Food
D. Sounds from Big Whales
The ocean is full of amazing animals. It's also full of plastic. That's bad news for sea animals like deep-diving whales. They can mistake the plastic for food and eat it.
How do whales mix up plastic and food? A team at the Duke University, which has been looking into this question for some years, has recently published their study. It all comes down to echolocation (回声定位): a natural way that allows whales to "hear" objects in the darkest parts of the sea. There's little light at those deep parts, so it's too dark for the whales to see. But they can hear by echolocation.
The whales make a sound and then listen. They hear echoes from nearby objects. These echoes allow the whales to hunt. The scientists found that rubbish and sea animals cause similar echoes. To the whales, they "sound" the same. That can trick the whales into eating rubbish.
The scientists gathered objects such as bottles, bags, and rope. All of these have been found in the stomachs (胃) of whales. The team made sounds and recorded the strength (强度) of each echo off these objects. They then compared these echoes to those produced off the bodies of sea animals. The echoes from the plastic things were similar in strength to those returned by sea animals.
Eating rubbish is dangerous for whales. The plastic can build up in their stomachs, preventing food from passing through their bodies. This can be deadly (致命的). Merrill, the lead writer of the study, says, "The plastic impacts animals that are so far away from our daily life. This is really a big problem."
Everyone can play a part in cutting down plastic pollution. "People need to make real changes in their daily life, and then actively help deal with this problem," Merrill says.
(
A
) 1. Why do whales look for food by sound instead of by sight in deep sea?A. Because the light there is very poor.
B. Because there is too much rubbish.
C. Because their eyes are badly hurt.
D. Because food is far away from them.
(
B
) 2. What do Paragraphs 3 & 4 mainly talk about?A. What kind of sounds whales make.
B. How whales mistake rubbish for food.
C. How dangerous rubbish is to whales.
D. What objects scientists find in whales.
(
D
) 3. What does the underlined word "impacts" probably mean?A. Stores food for.
B. Gives cover to.
C. Prevents whales from.
D. Has an effect on.
(
B
) 4. Which is the best title for the passage?A. Dangerous Deep Sea
B. Bad News for Sea Animals
C. Changes of Animal Food
D. Sounds from Big Whales
答案：1-4 ABDB
解析：
翻译:
### 五、阅读理解
海洋里充满了神奇的动物，同时也充满了塑料。这对像深潜鲸鱼这样的海洋动物来说是个坏消息，它们可能会把塑料误认为食物并吞食。
鲸鱼为什么会把塑料和食物弄混呢？杜克大学的一个团队多年来一直在研究这个问题，最近发表了他们的研究成果。这一切都归结于回声定位：这是一种让鲸鱼在海洋最黑暗的区域“感知”物体的自然方式。深海区域光线很弱，太暗了，鲸鱼无法视物，但它们可以通过回声定位来感知。
鲸鱼发出声音然后倾听，它们会听到附近物体的回声，这些回声能让鲸鱼进行捕猎。科学家发现，垃圾和海洋动物会产生相似的回声，对鲸鱼来说，它们“听起来”是一样的，这就会诱使鲸鱼吞食垃圾。
科学家收集了瓶子、袋子、绳子等物体，这些物体都在鲸鱼的胃里被发现过。研究团队发出声音，并记录这些物体反射的回声强度，然后将这些回声与海洋动物身体反射的回声进行比较，发现塑料制品的回声强度与海洋动物反射的回声强度相似。
吞食垃圾对鲸鱼来说很危险，塑料会在它们的胃里堆积，阻碍食物在体内的消化，这可能是致命的。该研究的主要作者梅里尔说：“塑料会对那些远离我们日常生活的动物产生影响，这真的是个大问题。”
每个人都可以在减少塑料污染方面发挥作用。梅里尔说：“人们需要在日常生活中做出真正的改变，然后积极地帮助解决这个问题。”
1. 为什么鲸鱼在深海中靠声音而不是视觉寻找食物？
A. 因为那里光线很弱。
B. 因为那里垃圾太多。
C. 因为它们的眼睛受了重伤。
D. 因为食物离它们很远。
2. 第3段和第4段主要讲了什么？
A. 鲸鱼发出什么样的声音。
B. 鲸鱼如何把垃圾误认为食物。
C. 垃圾对鲸鱼有多危险。
D. 科学家在鲸鱼体内发现了什么物体。
3. 划线单词“impacts”可能是什么意思？
A. 为……储存食物。
B. 为……提供掩护。
C. 阻止鲸鱼……
D. 对……有影响。
4. 这篇文章的最佳标题是什么？
A. 危险的深海
B. 海洋动物的坏消息
C. 动物食物的变化
D. 来自大鲸鱼的声音
### 五、阅读理解
海洋里充满了神奇的动物，同时也充满了塑料。这对像深潜鲸鱼这样的海洋动物来说是个坏消息，它们可能会把塑料误认为食物并吞食。
鲸鱼为什么会把塑料和食物弄混呢？杜克大学的一个团队多年来一直在研究这个问题，最近发表了他们的研究成果。这一切都归结于回声定位：这是一种让鲸鱼在海洋最黑暗的区域“感知”物体的自然方式。深海区域光线很弱，太暗了，鲸鱼无法视物，但它们可以通过回声定位来感知。
鲸鱼发出声音然后倾听，它们会听到附近物体的回声，这些回声能让鲸鱼进行捕猎。科学家发现，垃圾和海洋动物会产生相似的回声，对鲸鱼来说，它们“听起来”是一样的，这就会诱使鲸鱼吞食垃圾。
科学家收集了瓶子、袋子、绳子等物体，这些物体都在鲸鱼的胃里被发现过。研究团队发出声音，并记录这些物体反射的回声强度，然后将这些回声与海洋动物身体反射的回声进行比较，发现塑料制品的回声强度与海洋动物反射的回声强度相似。
吞食垃圾对鲸鱼来说很危险，塑料会在它们的胃里堆积，阻碍食物在体内的消化，这可能是致命的。该研究的主要作者梅里尔说：“塑料会对那些远离我们日常生活的动物产生影响，这真的是个大问题。”
每个人都可以在减少塑料污染方面发挥作用。梅里尔说：“人们需要在日常生活中做出真正的改变，然后积极地帮助解决这个问题。”
1. 为什么鲸鱼在深海中靠声音而不是视觉寻找食物？
A. 因为那里光线很弱。
B. 因为那里垃圾太多。
C. 因为它们的眼睛受了重伤。
D. 因为食物离它们很远。
2. 第3段和第4段主要讲了什么？
A. 鲸鱼发出什么样的声音。
B. 鲸鱼如何把垃圾误认为食物。
C. 垃圾对鲸鱼有多危险。
D. 科学家在鲸鱼体内发现了什么物体。
3. 划线单词“impacts”可能是什么意思？
A. 为……储存食物。
B. 为……提供掩护。
C. 阻止鲸鱼……
D. 对……有影响。
4. 这篇文章的最佳标题是什么？
A. 危险的深海
B. 海洋动物的坏消息
C. 动物食物的变化
D. 来自大鲸鱼的声音