D
Nannie Helen Burroughs tried to be a teacher at a Washington D.C. public school in the 1890s,but was refused. The hiring(招聘)people did not care that she graduated with good grades from high school. Burroughs was refused because of her skin colour. Put simply,historians say,people doing the hiring believed her to be "too black".
Burroughs decided that if she could not get a job as a teacher,she would start her own school. That school was only the beginning of a long career(事业)as an educator,speaker,businesswoman,and activist.
Many people today might not know her name,but Burroughs fought tirelessly throughout her 82 years so that black women might have the right to education,fair(公平的)wages(工资)and positions of leadership.
Kelisha Graves,writer of a biography(传记)on Burroughs,said that Burroughs' calling was to "let women know that they have the ability to think loudly".
After she was refused,Burroughs tried her best to make money. She had grown up working-class(工人阶级)— her mother was a laundress(洗衣女工)— and throughout her life,Burroughs thought the spirit of hard work was great. With limited chances,she took all kinds of jobs as a book keeper,a secretary and a cleaner.
Soon she began raising money for the school. Refusing to depend on white people's donation,she collected small donations from local community members. She also had help from a few famous black leaders. Maggie Walker,the first black woman to run a bank in the United States,donated 500.
Burroughs bought a plot of land for the school on her own. When there was work to be done,Burroughs often did it herself. In 1909,Burroughs opened the National Training School for Women and Girls in Washington D.C.
Black women and girls from across the country came to study in her school. Burroughs was forward-thinking in her understanding of what women could or should learn. She taught skills that helped students to get jobs,but her school also paid more attention to subjects such as literature(文学)and Latin.
"She was a person who was a leading voice for racial(种族的)pride," said Sharon Harley,a professor of African American Studies. "Burroughs believed in 'a narrative(叙述)in which people would realize that black people contributed(贡献)to the spiritual well-being of America'," Harley said.
(
A. She was born in a poor but happy family.
B. She once worked as a book keeper,a secretary and a laundress to make money.
C. She was the first black woman to run a bank in the United States.
D. She believed that black people had made great spiritual contributions to America.
(
A. She was a person who was a leading voice for racial pride.
B. Burroughs was forward-thinking in her understanding of what women could or should learn.
C. Throughout her life,Burroughs thought the spirit of hard work was great.
D. After she was refused,Burroughs tried her best to make money.
(
A. Burroughs' fighting for black people's rights after being refused to be a teacher.
B. Nannie Helen Burroughs' whole life.
C. Discussion on racial problems in the United States.
D. People's remarks(评论)on the great woman — Nannie Helen Burroughs.
(
A. American's education system B. the job market in the US
C. charity system of America D. African American studies
Nannie Helen Burroughs tried to be a teacher at a Washington D.C. public school in the 1890s,but was refused. The hiring(招聘)people did not care that she graduated with good grades from high school. Burroughs was refused because of her skin colour. Put simply,historians say,people doing the hiring believed her to be "too black".
Burroughs decided that if she could not get a job as a teacher,she would start her own school. That school was only the beginning of a long career(事业)as an educator,speaker,businesswoman,and activist.
Many people today might not know her name,but Burroughs fought tirelessly throughout her 82 years so that black women might have the right to education,fair(公平的)wages(工资)and positions of leadership.
Kelisha Graves,writer of a biography(传记)on Burroughs,said that Burroughs' calling was to "let women know that they have the ability to think loudly".
After she was refused,Burroughs tried her best to make money. She had grown up working-class(工人阶级)— her mother was a laundress(洗衣女工)— and throughout her life,Burroughs thought the spirit of hard work was great. With limited chances,she took all kinds of jobs as a book keeper,a secretary and a cleaner.
Soon she began raising money for the school. Refusing to depend on white people's donation,she collected small donations from local community members. She also had help from a few famous black leaders. Maggie Walker,the first black woman to run a bank in the United States,donated 500.
Burroughs bought a plot of land for the school on her own. When there was work to be done,Burroughs often did it herself. In 1909,Burroughs opened the National Training School for Women and Girls in Washington D.C.
Black women and girls from across the country came to study in her school. Burroughs was forward-thinking in her understanding of what women could or should learn. She taught skills that helped students to get jobs,but her school also paid more attention to subjects such as literature(文学)and Latin.
"She was a person who was a leading voice for racial(种族的)pride," said Sharon Harley,a professor of African American Studies. "Burroughs believed in 'a narrative(叙述)in which people would realize that black people contributed(贡献)to the spiritual well-being of America'," Harley said.
(
D
)11. What can readers know about Burroughs according to the article? A. She was born in a poor but happy family.
B. She once worked as a book keeper,a secretary and a laundress to make money.
C. She was the first black woman to run a bank in the United States.
D. She believed that black people had made great spiritual contributions to America.
(
B
)12. Which sentence from the article best shows that Burroughs was an excellent teacher? A. She was a person who was a leading voice for racial pride.
B. Burroughs was forward-thinking in her understanding of what women could or should learn.
C. Throughout her life,Burroughs thought the spirit of hard work was great.
D. After she was refused,Burroughs tried her best to make money.
(
A
)13. What is the main idea of this article? A. Burroughs' fighting for black people's rights after being refused to be a teacher.
B. Nannie Helen Burroughs' whole life.
C. Discussion on racial problems in the United States.
D. People's remarks(评论)on the great woman — Nannie Helen Burroughs.
(
D
)14. This article may be used for a student research on ______. A. American's education system B. the job market in the US
C. charity system of America D. African American studies
答案：【解析】：本题主要考察了阅读理解的能力，包括细节理解、主旨大意等。需要从文章中提取关键信息，对文章内容进行理解和分析，然后选出最符合题意的选项。
11题：需要找出关于Burroughs的正确描述，可以通过对比选项和原文内容，找出正确答案。
12题：需要找出能最好地显示Burroughs是一位优秀教师的句子，这需要对文章内容进行深入理解，并准确判断各选项与问题之间的关联度。
13题：需要概括文章的主旨大意，这需要对整篇文章的内容进行全面、深入的理解，然后选出最能概括文章主旨的选项。
14题：需要判断这篇文章可能用于哪个主题的学生研究，这需要对文章的主题、内容以及可能的应用领域进行分析和判断。
【答案】：
11. D。根据文章中的"Burroughs believed in 'a narrative in which people would realize that black people contributed to the spiritual well-being of America',"可知，Burroughs认为黑人对美国的精神生活做出了巨大贡献，因此选项D正确。
12. B。文章中提到"Burroughs was forward-thinking in her understanding of what women could or should learn."，这句话最能体现出Burroughs是一位优秀的教师，因为她对女性应该学习什么有前瞻性的理解，因此选项B正确。
13. A。文章主要讲述了Burroughs在被拒绝成为公立学校教师后，如何为黑人女性的教育权利、公平工资和领导地位而奋斗的故事，因此选项A最能概括文章的主旨。
14. D。文章主要讲述了Nannie Helen Burroughs的生平事迹和她对黑人女性教育的贡献，以及她对种族自豪感的倡导，因此这篇文章可能用于非洲裔美国人研究的学生研究，选项D正确。
11题：需要找出关于Burroughs的正确描述，可以通过对比选项和原文内容，找出正确答案。
12题：需要找出能最好地显示Burroughs是一位优秀教师的句子，这需要对文章内容进行深入理解，并准确判断各选项与问题之间的关联度。
13题：需要概括文章的主旨大意，这需要对整篇文章的内容进行全面、深入的理解，然后选出最能概括文章主旨的选项。
14题：需要判断这篇文章可能用于哪个主题的学生研究，这需要对文章的主题、内容以及可能的应用领域进行分析和判断。
【答案】：
11. D。根据文章中的"Burroughs believed in 'a narrative in which people would realize that black people contributed to the spiritual well-being of America',"可知，Burroughs认为黑人对美国的精神生活做出了巨大贡献，因此选项D正确。
12. B。文章中提到"Burroughs was forward-thinking in her understanding of what women could or should learn."，这句话最能体现出Burroughs是一位优秀的教师，因为她对女性应该学习什么有前瞻性的理解，因此选项B正确。
13. A。文章主要讲述了Burroughs在被拒绝成为公立学校教师后，如何为黑人女性的教育权利、公平工资和领导地位而奋斗的故事，因此选项A最能概括文章的主旨。
14. D。文章主要讲述了Nannie Helen Burroughs的生平事迹和她对黑人女性教育的贡献，以及她对种族自豪感的倡导，因此这篇文章可能用于非洲裔美国人研究的学生研究，选项D正确。
解析：
翻译:
D
19世纪90年代，南妮·海伦·伯勒斯试图在华盛顿特区的一所公立学校当老师，但被拒绝了。招聘人员并不在意她以优异的成绩从高中毕业。伯勒斯因为她的肤色而被拒绝。历史学家说，简单地说，招聘人员认为她“太黑了”。
伯勒斯决定，如果她不能得到一份教师的工作，她就自己开办一所学校。那所学校只是她作为教育家、演说家、商人和活动家漫长职业生涯的开始。
今天很多人可能不知道她的名字，但伯勒斯在她82年的生命中不知疲倦地奋斗，以便黑人女性能够拥有受教育、获得公平工资和担任领导职务的权利。
为伯勒斯写传记的作家凯莉莎·格雷夫斯说，伯勒斯的使命是“让女性知道她们有大声思考的能力”。
被拒绝后，伯勒斯尽最大努力赚钱。她在工人阶级家庭中长大——她的母亲是一名洗衣女工——而且在她的一生中，伯勒斯都认为努力工作的精神很伟大。由于机会有限，她从事过各种各样的工作，如簿记员、秘书和清洁工。
很快她就开始为学校筹集资金。她拒绝依赖白人的捐赠，而是从当地社区成员那里收集小额捐赠。她还得到了一些著名黑人领袖的帮助。玛吉·沃克，美国第一位经营银行的黑人女性，捐赠了500美元。
伯勒斯自己买了一块地建学校。当有工作要做时，伯勒斯经常自己动手。1909年，伯勒斯在华盛顿特区开办了全国妇女和女孩培训学校。
来自全国各地的黑人妇女和女孩来到她的学校学习。伯勒斯在对女性能够或应该学习什么的理解上很有前瞻性。她教授有助于学生找到工作的技能，但她的学校也更注重文学和拉丁语等学科。
“她是种族自豪感的主要发声者，”非裔美国人研究教授莎伦·哈雷说。“伯勒斯相信‘一种叙述，在这种叙述中人们会意识到黑人对美国的精神福祉做出了贡献’，”哈雷说。
（ ）11. 根据这篇文章，读者能了解到关于伯勒斯的什么？
A. 她出生在一个贫穷但幸福的家庭。
B. 她曾经做过簿记员、秘书和洗衣女工来赚钱。
C. 她是美国第一位经营银行的黑人女性。
D. 她相信黑人对美国做出了巨大的精神贡献。
（ ）12. 文章中的哪句话最能表明伯勒斯是一位优秀的教师？
A. 她是种族自豪感的主要发声者。
B. 伯勒斯在对女性能够或应该学习什么的理解上很有前瞻性。
C. 在她的一生中，伯勒斯都认为努力工作的精神很伟大。
D. 被拒绝后，伯勒斯尽最大努力赚钱。
（ ）13. 这篇文章的主旨是什么？
A. 伯勒斯在被拒绝当老师后为黑人权利而奋斗。
B. 南妮·海伦·伯勒斯的一生。
C. 对美国种族问题的讨论。
D. 人们对伟大女性——南妮·海伦·伯勒斯的评论。
（ ）14. 这篇文章可能被用于学生关于______的研究。
A. 美国的教育体系
B. 美国的就业市场
C. 美国的慈善体系
D. 非裔美国人研究
D
19世纪90年代，南妮·海伦·伯勒斯试图在华盛顿特区的一所公立学校当老师，但被拒绝了。招聘人员并不在意她以优异的成绩从高中毕业。伯勒斯因为她的肤色而被拒绝。历史学家说，简单地说，招聘人员认为她“太黑了”。
伯勒斯决定，如果她不能得到一份教师的工作，她就自己开办一所学校。那所学校只是她作为教育家、演说家、商人和活动家漫长职业生涯的开始。
今天很多人可能不知道她的名字，但伯勒斯在她82年的生命中不知疲倦地奋斗，以便黑人女性能够拥有受教育、获得公平工资和担任领导职务的权利。
为伯勒斯写传记的作家凯莉莎·格雷夫斯说，伯勒斯的使命是“让女性知道她们有大声思考的能力”。
被拒绝后，伯勒斯尽最大努力赚钱。她在工人阶级家庭中长大——她的母亲是一名洗衣女工——而且在她的一生中，伯勒斯都认为努力工作的精神很伟大。由于机会有限，她从事过各种各样的工作，如簿记员、秘书和清洁工。
很快她就开始为学校筹集资金。她拒绝依赖白人的捐赠，而是从当地社区成员那里收集小额捐赠。她还得到了一些著名黑人领袖的帮助。玛吉·沃克，美国第一位经营银行的黑人女性，捐赠了500美元。
伯勒斯自己买了一块地建学校。当有工作要做时，伯勒斯经常自己动手。1909年，伯勒斯在华盛顿特区开办了全国妇女和女孩培训学校。
来自全国各地的黑人妇女和女孩来到她的学校学习。伯勒斯在对女性能够或应该学习什么的理解上很有前瞻性。她教授有助于学生找到工作的技能，但她的学校也更注重文学和拉丁语等学科。
“她是种族自豪感的主要发声者，”非裔美国人研究教授莎伦·哈雷说。“伯勒斯相信‘一种叙述，在这种叙述中人们会意识到黑人对美国的精神福祉做出了贡献’，”哈雷说。
（ ）11. 根据这篇文章，读者能了解到关于伯勒斯的什么？
A. 她出生在一个贫穷但幸福的家庭。
B. 她曾经做过簿记员、秘书和洗衣女工来赚钱。
C. 她是美国第一位经营银行的黑人女性。
D. 她相信黑人对美国做出了巨大的精神贡献。
（ ）12. 文章中的哪句话最能表明伯勒斯是一位优秀的教师？
A. 她是种族自豪感的主要发声者。
B. 伯勒斯在对女性能够或应该学习什么的理解上很有前瞻性。
C. 在她的一生中，伯勒斯都认为努力工作的精神很伟大。
D. 被拒绝后，伯勒斯尽最大努力赚钱。
（ ）13. 这篇文章的主旨是什么？
A. 伯勒斯在被拒绝当老师后为黑人权利而奋斗。
B. 南妮·海伦·伯勒斯的一生。
C. 对美国种族问题的讨论。
D. 人们对伟大女性——南妮·海伦·伯勒斯的评论。
（ ）14. 这篇文章可能被用于学生关于______的研究。
A. 美国的教育体系
B. 美国的就业市场
C. 美国的慈善体系
D. 非裔美国人研究