【例1】计算:
(1)$(1+\frac{1}{x})÷\frac{x^{2}-1}{x^{2}-2x+1}$;
(2)$(x+\frac{x}{x^{2}-1})÷(2+\frac{1}{x-1}-\frac{1}{x+1})$;
(3)$\frac{m+1}{2m^{2}-2m}·(\frac{2m}{m+1})^{2}-(\frac{1}{m-1}-\frac{1}{m+1})$。
解 (1)原式$=\frac{x+1}{x}·\frac{(x-1)^{2}}{(x+1)(x-1)}$
$=\frac{x-1}{x}$;
(2)原式$=\frac{x^{3}-x+x}{(x+1)(x-1)}÷\frac{2(x^{2}-1)+x+1-(x-1)}{(x+1)(x-1)}$
$=\frac{x^{3}}{(x+1)(x-1)}·\frac{(x+1)(x-1)}{2x^{2}}$
$=\frac{x}{2}$;
(3)原式$=\frac{m+1}{2m(m-1)}·\frac{4m^{2}}{(m+1)^{2}}-\frac{m+1-m+1}{(m+1)(m-1)}$
$=\frac{2m}{(m+1)(m-1)}-\frac{2}{(m+1)(m-1)}$
$=\frac{2(m-1)}{(m+1)(m-1)}$
$=\frac{2}{m+1}$。
总结 分式的混合运算要根据运算顺序进行,不要跳步,结果必须化为最简分式或整式。
(1)$(1+\frac{1}{x})÷\frac{x^{2}-1}{x^{2}-2x+1}$;
(2)$(x+\frac{x}{x^{2}-1})÷(2+\frac{1}{x-1}-\frac{1}{x+1})$;
(3)$\frac{m+1}{2m^{2}-2m}·(\frac{2m}{m+1})^{2}-(\frac{1}{m-1}-\frac{1}{m+1})$。
解 (1)原式$=\frac{x+1}{x}·\frac{(x-1)^{2}}{(x+1)(x-1)}$
$=\frac{x-1}{x}$;
(2)原式$=\frac{x^{3}-x+x}{(x+1)(x-1)}÷\frac{2(x^{2}-1)+x+1-(x-1)}{(x+1)(x-1)}$
$=\frac{x^{3}}{(x+1)(x-1)}·\frac{(x+1)(x-1)}{2x^{2}}$
$=\frac{x}{2}$;
(3)原式$=\frac{m+1}{2m(m-1)}·\frac{4m^{2}}{(m+1)^{2}}-\frac{m+1-m+1}{(m+1)(m-1)}$
$=\frac{2m}{(m+1)(m-1)}-\frac{2}{(m+1)(m-1)}$
$=\frac{2(m-1)}{(m+1)(m-1)}$
$=\frac{2}{m+1}$。
总结 分式的混合运算要根据运算顺序进行,不要跳步,结果必须化为最简分式或整式。
答案:(1)
原式$=(1+\frac{1}{x})÷\frac{x^{2} - 1}{x^{2}-2x + 1}$
$=\frac{x + 1}{x}÷\frac{(x + 1)(x - 1)}{(x - 1)^{2}}$
$=\frac{x + 1}{x}×\frac{(x - 1)^{2}}{(x + 1)(x - 1)}$
$=\frac{x - 1}{x}$
(2)
原式$=(\frac{x(x^{2}-1)}{x^{2}-1}+\frac{x}{x^{2}-1})÷(\frac{2(x + 1)(x - 1)}{(x + 1)(x - 1)}+\frac{1}{x - 1}-\frac{1}{x + 1})$
$=\frac{x^{3}-x+x}{(x + 1)(x - 1)}÷\frac{2x^{2}-2+x + 1-(x - 1)}{(x + 1)(x - 1)}$
$=\frac{x^{3}}{(x + 1)(x - 1)}÷\frac{2x^{2}}{(x + 1)(x - 1)}$
$=\frac{x^{3}}{(x + 1)(x - 1)}×\frac{(x + 1)(x - 1)}{2x^{2}}$
$=\frac{x}{2}$
(3)
原式$=\frac{m + 1}{2m(m - 1)}×\frac{4m^{2}}{(m + 1)^{2}}-(\frac{m + 1}{(m + 1)(m - 1)}-\frac{m - 1}{(m + 1)(m - 1)})$
$=\frac{m + 1}{2m(m - 1)}×\frac{4m^{2}}{(m + 1)^{2}}-\frac{m + 1-(m - 1)}{(m + 1)(m - 1)}$
$=\frac{2m}{(m + 1)(m - 1)}-\frac{2}{(m + 1)(m - 1)}$
$=\frac{2m - 2}{(m + 1)(m - 1)}$
$=\frac{2(m - 1)}{(m + 1)(m - 1)}$
$=\frac{2}{m + 1}$
原式$=(1+\frac{1}{x})÷\frac{x^{2} - 1}{x^{2}-2x + 1}$
$=\frac{x + 1}{x}÷\frac{(x + 1)(x - 1)}{(x - 1)^{2}}$
$=\frac{x + 1}{x}×\frac{(x - 1)^{2}}{(x + 1)(x - 1)}$
$=\frac{x - 1}{x}$
(2)
原式$=(\frac{x(x^{2}-1)}{x^{2}-1}+\frac{x}{x^{2}-1})÷(\frac{2(x + 1)(x - 1)}{(x + 1)(x - 1)}+\frac{1}{x - 1}-\frac{1}{x + 1})$
$=\frac{x^{3}-x+x}{(x + 1)(x - 1)}÷\frac{2x^{2}-2+x + 1-(x - 1)}{(x + 1)(x - 1)}$
$=\frac{x^{3}}{(x + 1)(x - 1)}÷\frac{2x^{2}}{(x + 1)(x - 1)}$
$=\frac{x^{3}}{(x + 1)(x - 1)}×\frac{(x + 1)(x - 1)}{2x^{2}}$
$=\frac{x}{2}$
(3)
原式$=\frac{m + 1}{2m(m - 1)}×\frac{4m^{2}}{(m + 1)^{2}}-(\frac{m + 1}{(m + 1)(m - 1)}-\frac{m - 1}{(m + 1)(m - 1)})$
$=\frac{m + 1}{2m(m - 1)}×\frac{4m^{2}}{(m + 1)^{2}}-\frac{m + 1-(m - 1)}{(m + 1)(m - 1)}$
$=\frac{2m}{(m + 1)(m - 1)}-\frac{2}{(m + 1)(m - 1)}$
$=\frac{2m - 2}{(m + 1)(m - 1)}$
$=\frac{2(m - 1)}{(m + 1)(m - 1)}$
$=\frac{2}{m + 1}$