四、(2025·南通市海门区期中)阅读理解。
新素养 技术应用 Villages in China have enjoyed their development in a digital(数字的) way these years. With the help of digital technology, villagers are living an easier and happier life.
Farming in the past was not an easy job. Farmers worked hard all year round. At the same time, they usually found it difficult to solve problems like plant diseases and pests(害虫). Now, there have been big changes in farming. For example, in Dayi County, Sichuan Province, AI machines help local farmers know when and how to fertilize(施肥) and kill pests. In this way, they make farmers work more easily with less time and energy.
Thanks to the internet, a new business called rural e-commerce(乡村电子商务) grows. Selling fresh fruit and vegetables to cities is faster. The business also helps villagers live a digital life. They can get many things done on different kinds of apps. They can also use drones to help with their farm work.
More visitors travel in beautiful villages because of digital technology. A good example is Huacheng Town, Guangdong Province. Visitors can know where to park their cars for free, when to book a ticket easily and what to buy online. They can also enjoy the view of nearly every part of the town by using VR.
1. According to Paragraph 2, we know AI machines can help farmers
A. water the crops
B. harvest the crops
C. know when and where to fertilize
D. save time and energy on farming
2. 新考法 篇章结构 What is the structure of this passage?
3. What is the best title of this passage?
A. Better village life
B. Tourism in villages
C. The digital technology
D. A new business in villages
新素养 技术应用 Villages in China have enjoyed their development in a digital(数字的) way these years. With the help of digital technology, villagers are living an easier and happier life.
Farming in the past was not an easy job. Farmers worked hard all year round. At the same time, they usually found it difficult to solve problems like plant diseases and pests(害虫). Now, there have been big changes in farming. For example, in Dayi County, Sichuan Province, AI machines help local farmers know when and how to fertilize(施肥) and kill pests. In this way, they make farmers work more easily with less time and energy.
Thanks to the internet, a new business called rural e-commerce(乡村电子商务) grows. Selling fresh fruit and vegetables to cities is faster. The business also helps villagers live a digital life. They can get many things done on different kinds of apps. They can also use drones to help with their farm work.
More visitors travel in beautiful villages because of digital technology. A good example is Huacheng Town, Guangdong Province. Visitors can know where to park their cars for free, when to book a ticket easily and what to buy online. They can also enjoy the view of nearly every part of the town by using VR.
1. According to Paragraph 2, we know AI machines can help farmers
D
.A. water the crops
B. harvest the crops
C. know when and where to fertilize
D. save time and energy on farming
2. 新考法 篇章结构 What is the structure of this passage?
3. What is the best title of this passage?
A. Better village life
B. Tourism in villages
C. The digital technology
D. A new business in villages
答案：四 1. D 2. A 【解析】通读全文可知，第一段总述了数字技术对农村发展帮助颇多；第二至四段分别介绍了数字技术在务农、电子商务和旅游方面的作用。因此 A 项符合文章结构。 3. A 【解析】通读全文，尤其是第一段中“With the help of digital technology, villagers are living an easier and happier life.”可知，本文主要介绍了数字技术使村民们过上了更轻松、更幸福的生活，因此 A 项最适合作文章标题。
解析：
【分析】
我拿到这道题之后，会分三步逐个解题：首先处理第1道细节题，先定位到题干指定的第二段，找到和AI机器相关的原文描述，逐一比对选项排除错误表述；然后处理第2道篇章结构题，先逐段概括段落核心内容，梳理段落之间的逻辑关系，判断是总-分结构，再对应四个图示选出匹配的结构；最后处理第3道主旨标题题，抓住全文的核心主线，排除只覆盖局部内容的片面选项，选出最贴合全文主旨的标题。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位到第二段末尾内容“AI machines help local farmers know when and how to fertilize(施肥) and kill pests. In this way, they make farmers work more easily with less time and energy.”。逐一比对选项：A浇水、B收割作物原文完全没有提及；C选项表述错误，原文没有提到“在哪里施肥”的相关内容；D选项“在务农过程中节省时间和精力”是AI机器给农民带来的实际作用，完全符合原文描述，因此选D。
2. 第2题：梳理全文段落逻辑：第1段是总起段，总述数字技术助力农村发展，村民生活变得更轻松幸福；第2段介绍数字技术在农业生产中的作用，第3段介绍数字技术催生乡村电商带来的生活便利，第4段介绍数字技术助力乡村旅游业发展，后三段是完全并列的三个分述维度，属于典型的总-分结构，对应A选项的图示：节点1为总起段，直接连接三个并列的子节点2、3、4，其余选项的层级逻辑都不符合本文结构，因此选A。
3. 第3题：全文核心围绕数字技术从生产、生活、旅游多个维度提升乡村生活质量，让村民过上更好的生活。B选项仅覆盖乡村旅游的局部内容，C选项只提及数字技术没有点明核心场景是乡村生活，D选项仅覆盖乡村新商业的局部内容，三个选项都过于片面，只有A选项“更美好的乡村生活”精准覆盖全文主旨，最适合作为文章标题，因此选A。
【答案】
1. D 2. A 3. A
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，篇章结构梳理，主旨大意归纳
【点评】
本题贴合新课标技术应用的新素养导向，考点覆盖了阅读理解的三类核心题型，既考察学生快速定位文本细节的能力，也考察学生对全文逻辑框架的梳理能力，同时引导学生规避标题选择时以偏概全的常见误区，整体考察梯度合理。
【难度系数】
0.7
我拿到这道题之后，会分三步逐个解题：首先处理第1道细节题，先定位到题干指定的第二段，找到和AI机器相关的原文描述，逐一比对选项排除错误表述；然后处理第2道篇章结构题，先逐段概括段落核心内容，梳理段落之间的逻辑关系，判断是总-分结构，再对应四个图示选出匹配的结构；最后处理第3道主旨标题题，抓住全文的核心主线，排除只覆盖局部内容的片面选项，选出最贴合全文主旨的标题。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位到第二段末尾内容“AI machines help local farmers know when and how to fertilize(施肥) and kill pests. In this way, they make farmers work more easily with less time and energy.”。逐一比对选项：A浇水、B收割作物原文完全没有提及；C选项表述错误，原文没有提到“在哪里施肥”的相关内容；D选项“在务农过程中节省时间和精力”是AI机器给农民带来的实际作用，完全符合原文描述，因此选D。
2. 第2题：梳理全文段落逻辑：第1段是总起段，总述数字技术助力农村发展，村民生活变得更轻松幸福；第2段介绍数字技术在农业生产中的作用，第3段介绍数字技术催生乡村电商带来的生活便利，第4段介绍数字技术助力乡村旅游业发展，后三段是完全并列的三个分述维度，属于典型的总-分结构，对应A选项的图示：节点1为总起段，直接连接三个并列的子节点2、3、4，其余选项的层级逻辑都不符合本文结构，因此选A。
3. 第3题：全文核心围绕数字技术从生产、生活、旅游多个维度提升乡村生活质量，让村民过上更好的生活。B选项仅覆盖乡村旅游的局部内容，C选项只提及数字技术没有点明核心场景是乡村生活，D选项仅覆盖乡村新商业的局部内容，三个选项都过于片面，只有A选项“更美好的乡村生活”精准覆盖全文主旨，最适合作为文章标题，因此选A。
【答案】
1. D 2. A 3. A
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，篇章结构梳理，主旨大意归纳
【点评】
本题贴合新课标技术应用的新素养导向，考点覆盖了阅读理解的三类核心题型，既考察学生快速定位文本细节的能力，也考察学生对全文逻辑框架的梳理能力，同时引导学生规避标题选择时以偏概全的常见误区，整体考察梯度合理。
【难度系数】
0.7
五、(2025·镇江市句容期中改编)首字母填空。
In the past, Ne Zha's hometown was a paradise with clear rivers and green mountains. Birds sang in forests w 1 children played in open spaces. But everything changed when factories were built in the n 2 area. Thick smoke and chemical waste slowly turned the land into a gray desert.
"Father, we u 3 to swim in these rivers!" Ne Zha said to Li Jing, his father who once worked in a steel factory. Li Jing said sadly, "I realize that progress shouldn't harm our e 4."
Ne Zha decided to i 5 the situation, and gathered all villagers. They removed plastic waste and planted new trees. Although the task seemed i 6 at first, their hard work started showing results. After months of effort, fish r 7 to the rivers.
Nowadays, the v 8 keep in touch through online groups to protect their home. As Ne Zha says, "True magic isn't about fighting monsters, but guarding the beauty around us."
In the past, Ne Zha's hometown was a paradise with clear rivers and green mountains. Birds sang in forests w 1 children played in open spaces. But everything changed when factories were built in the n 2 area. Thick smoke and chemical waste slowly turned the land into a gray desert.
"Father, we u 3 to swim in these rivers!" Ne Zha said to Li Jing, his father who once worked in a steel factory. Li Jing said sadly, "I realize that progress shouldn't harm our e 4."
Ne Zha decided to i 5 the situation, and gathered all villagers. They removed plastic waste and planted new trees. Although the task seemed i 6 at first, their hard work started showing results. After months of effort, fish r 7 to the rivers.
Nowadays, the v 8 keep in touch through online groups to protect their home. As Ne Zha says, "True magic isn't about fighting monsters, but guarding the beauty around us."
答案：五 1. while 2. northern 3. used 4. environment 5. improve 6. impossible 7. returned 8. villagers
解析：
【分析】
做首字母填空类题目，第一步先通读全文，把握文章核心主题：本文讲述了哪吒的家乡从生态优良被工业污染，之后村民合力修复环境的环保故事，整体叙事时态以一般过去时为主。第二步逐空分析，先判断空格处所需的词性，再结合上下文逻辑、固定搭配和给出的首字母提示推导正确词汇，最后代入全文通读检查语法和语义是否通顺，就能顺利得出答案。
【解析】
1. 空1：前后两个分句“Birds sang in forests”和“children played in open spaces”都是描述过去同时发生的延续性动作，表“与此同时”的并列逻辑，首字母为w，填连词while。
2. 空2：空格修饰名词area，需要填入形容词，句意为“当工厂建在北部区域后一切都变了”，首字母为n，填形容词northern，意为北部的。
3. 空3：后文接不定式结构to swim，固定搭配used to do sth. 表示“过去常常做某事”，完全符合语境“我们过去常常在这些河里游泳”，首字母为u，填used。
4. 空4：全文围绕生态环境的变化展开，句意为“我意识到发展进步不应该伤害我们的生存环境”，首字母为e，填名词environment，意为环境。
5. 空5：decide to后面接动词原形，后文提到大家清理塑料垃圾、种植新树，目的是改变糟糕的污染状况，首字母为i，填动词improve，意为改善。
6. 空6：句首的Although表让步转折，说明这项治污任务一开始看起来根本无法完成，后文转折说明大家的努力最终取得了成效，首字母为i，填形容词impossible，意为不可能的。
7. 空7：全文叙事时态为一般过去时，经过数月的环境治理，鱼类重新回到了河流里，首字母为r，填动词return的过去式returned。
8. 空8：后文提到“通过线上群组联系保护家园”，前文明确提到参与治污的主体是全体村民，首字母为v，填名词复数villagers，意为村民。
【答案】
1. while 2. northern 3. used 4. environment 5. improve 6. impossible 7. returned 8. villagers
【知识点】
首字母语境推断
固定短语搭配
一般过去时
【点评】
本题以经典IP哪吒的家乡环保故事为载体，题材新颖贴合学生兴趣，既考察了连词、形容词、动词等不同词性的语法运用，也重点考查了上下文语义呼应的解题能力，同时渗透了生态保护的正向价值观，解题时要注意结合全文整体时态统一调整动词形式，避免脱离语境硬凑首字母错填词汇。
【难度系数】
0.7
做首字母填空类题目，第一步先通读全文，把握文章核心主题：本文讲述了哪吒的家乡从生态优良被工业污染，之后村民合力修复环境的环保故事，整体叙事时态以一般过去时为主。第二步逐空分析，先判断空格处所需的词性，再结合上下文逻辑、固定搭配和给出的首字母提示推导正确词汇，最后代入全文通读检查语法和语义是否通顺，就能顺利得出答案。
【解析】
1. 空1：前后两个分句“Birds sang in forests”和“children played in open spaces”都是描述过去同时发生的延续性动作，表“与此同时”的并列逻辑，首字母为w，填连词while。
2. 空2：空格修饰名词area，需要填入形容词，句意为“当工厂建在北部区域后一切都变了”，首字母为n，填形容词northern，意为北部的。
3. 空3：后文接不定式结构to swim，固定搭配used to do sth. 表示“过去常常做某事”，完全符合语境“我们过去常常在这些河里游泳”，首字母为u，填used。
4. 空4：全文围绕生态环境的变化展开，句意为“我意识到发展进步不应该伤害我们的生存环境”，首字母为e，填名词environment，意为环境。
5. 空5：decide to后面接动词原形，后文提到大家清理塑料垃圾、种植新树，目的是改变糟糕的污染状况，首字母为i，填动词improve，意为改善。
6. 空6：句首的Although表让步转折，说明这项治污任务一开始看起来根本无法完成，后文转折说明大家的努力最终取得了成效，首字母为i，填形容词impossible，意为不可能的。
7. 空7：全文叙事时态为一般过去时，经过数月的环境治理，鱼类重新回到了河流里，首字母为r，填动词return的过去式returned。
8. 空8：后文提到“通过线上群组联系保护家园”，前文明确提到参与治污的主体是全体村民，首字母为v，填名词复数villagers，意为村民。
【答案】
1. while 2. northern 3. used 4. environment 5. improve 6. impossible 7. returned 8. villagers
【知识点】
首字母语境推断
固定短语搭配
一般过去时
【点评】
本题以经典IP哪吒的家乡环保故事为载体，题材新颖贴合学生兴趣，既考察了连词、形容词、动词等不同词性的语法运用，也重点考查了上下文语义呼应的解题能力，同时渗透了生态保护的正向价值观，解题时要注意结合全文整体时态统一调整动词形式，避免脱离语境硬凑首字母错填词汇。
【难度系数】
0.7