四、根据中文提示完成句子。
1. 海鸟观察沿海风电场并非出于好奇，而是一种生存本能。
Coastal wind farms
2. 今晚还有谁会被邀请参加这次的聚会呢？
Who
3. 如果空气不净化，将来会有越来越多的人受到伤害。
More and more people
4. 当我们有机会去改善环境的时候，请把握住它。
When we
5. 海洋塑料污染是海洋生物面临的最严重问题之一。
Plastic pollution in the ocean is
1. 海鸟观察沿海风电场并非出于好奇，而是一种生存本能。
Coastal wind farms
are watched by seabirds
not out of curiosity, but as a survival instinct.2. 今晚还有谁会被邀请参加这次的聚会呢？
Who
else will be invited
to the party tonight?3. 如果空气不净化，将来会有越来越多的人受到伤害。
More and more people
will be hurt
in the future if the air isn't cleaned up
.4. 当我们有机会去改善环境的时候，请把握住它。
When we
have
a chance to improve the environment
, please take it.5. 海洋塑料污染是海洋生物面临的最严重问题之一。
Plastic pollution in the ocean is
one
of the worst problems for
marine life.答案：四 1. are watched by seabirds 2. else will be invited 3. will be hurt, isn't cleaned up 4. have a chance to improve the environment 5. one of the worst problems for
解析：
【分析】
做这类根据中文提示完成句子的题型，首先要先梳理中文原句的逻辑，先判断主语和动作之间是主动还是被动关系，再结合时间标志判断对应的时态，同时匹配对应的固定短语/句型结构：
1. 先看第一题，主语是沿海风电场，它是“被海鸟观察”的对象，属于被动关系，描述客观事实用一般现在时，直接套一般现在时被动结构即可。
2. 第二题看到“今晚”判断是将来时，主语“谁”是被邀请的对象，用一般将来时被动，“还有谁”用固定表达who else补充。
3. 第三题看到if引导的条件状语从句，立刻想到“主将从现”的规则，主句表将来用将来时被动，从句用一般现在时的被动否定形式。
4. 第四题直接对应“有机会做某事”的固定短语搭配，主语是we，谓语用一般现在时原形即可。
5. 第五题看到“最…之一”，直接套用one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数的经典结构，补充对应语义即可。
【解析】
1. 主语Coastal wind farms是复数，和“观察”是被动关系，描述客观事实用一般现在时，一般现在时被动结构为are+过去分词，“被海鸟观察”对应填入are watched by seabirds。
2. “还有谁”固定表达为who else，时间标志tonight说明是将来时，主语和“邀请”是被动关系，用一般将来时被动结构will be invited，组合后填入else will be invited。
3. if引导条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”规则：主句中people和“伤害”是被动关系，用一般将来时被动will be hurt；从句中air不可数，和“净化”是被动关系，用一般现在时被动的否定形式isn't cleaned up。
4. “有机会做某事”是固定搭配have a chance to do sth，“改善环境”对应improve the environment，主语是we，谓语用一般现在时原形，填入have a chance to improve the environment。
5. “最…之一”的固定结构为one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数，“最严重的问题”对应the worst problems，“对于海洋生物”用介词for，组合后填入one of the worst problems for。
【答案】
1. are watched by seabirds
2. else will be invited
3. will be hurt, isn't cleaned up
4. have a chance to improve the environment
5. one of the worst problems for
【知识点】
被动语态，主将从现，固定短语搭配
【点评】
本题核心考察初中英语的重点语法不同时态下的被动语态用法，同时覆盖了条件状语从句时态规则、高频固定句型短语的考点，学生解题时容易出现忽略主被动关系、误用主动语态的问题，需要先判断主被动再匹配时态，就能大幅提升正确率。
【难度系数】
0.6
做这类根据中文提示完成句子的题型，首先要先梳理中文原句的逻辑，先判断主语和动作之间是主动还是被动关系，再结合时间标志判断对应的时态，同时匹配对应的固定短语/句型结构：
1. 先看第一题，主语是沿海风电场，它是“被海鸟观察”的对象，属于被动关系，描述客观事实用一般现在时，直接套一般现在时被动结构即可。
2. 第二题看到“今晚”判断是将来时，主语“谁”是被邀请的对象，用一般将来时被动，“还有谁”用固定表达who else补充。
3. 第三题看到if引导的条件状语从句，立刻想到“主将从现”的规则，主句表将来用将来时被动，从句用一般现在时的被动否定形式。
4. 第四题直接对应“有机会做某事”的固定短语搭配，主语是we，谓语用一般现在时原形即可。
5. 第五题看到“最…之一”，直接套用one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数的经典结构，补充对应语义即可。
【解析】
1. 主语Coastal wind farms是复数，和“观察”是被动关系，描述客观事实用一般现在时，一般现在时被动结构为are+过去分词，“被海鸟观察”对应填入are watched by seabirds。
2. “还有谁”固定表达为who else，时间标志tonight说明是将来时，主语和“邀请”是被动关系，用一般将来时被动结构will be invited，组合后填入else will be invited。
3. if引导条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”规则：主句中people和“伤害”是被动关系，用一般将来时被动will be hurt；从句中air不可数，和“净化”是被动关系，用一般现在时被动的否定形式isn't cleaned up。
4. “有机会做某事”是固定搭配have a chance to do sth，“改善环境”对应improve the environment，主语是we，谓语用一般现在时原形，填入have a chance to improve the environment。
5. “最…之一”的固定结构为one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数，“最严重的问题”对应the worst problems，“对于海洋生物”用介词for，组合后填入one of the worst problems for。
【答案】
1. are watched by seabirds
2. else will be invited
3. will be hurt, isn't cleaned up
4. have a chance to improve the environment
5. one of the worst problems for
【知识点】
被动语态，主将从现，固定短语搭配
【点评】
本题核心考察初中英语的重点语法不同时态下的被动语态用法，同时覆盖了条件状语从句时态规则、高频固定句型短语的考点，学生解题时容易出现忽略主被动关系、误用主动语态的问题，需要先判断主被动再匹配时态，就能大幅提升正确率。
【难度系数】
0.6
五、信息还原。
新素养 社会责任 Years ago, green was simply a colour. Now it's much more! In the 1970s, some people began to worry about what we did to mother earth. 1 It is a big idea that touches governments all over the world, and a small idea that touches us all in our homes.
Architects(建筑师) and building engineers are thinking about how to make buildings greener. These days, green architecture is becoming more and more popular. 2
We need to be very careful about the materials we use. It is better to choose renewable materials—those that the earth replaces quickly. 3 Also, for those materials that are not renewable, we need to use them as little as possible. Our mother earth has offered us many other possibilities, such as wind and solar power.
Planners must think about the needs of those who will spend time in green buildings. In many cases, green energy is more comfortable for people. 4 Natural lighting is often kinder to the eyes than electric lighting. In fact, many people who live or work in green buildings report feeling happier and healthier.
5 For example, they might try to use as little land as possible. If a building covers a large area, there will be less space for plants and trees. They also have to think about cutting down waste and pollution while the building work is going on.
Although green buildings are more expensive to build, they are less expensive to run.
A. Or we can reuse some materials.
B. As a result, green thinking was born.
C. To understand it, we have to look at three different areas.
D. For example, natural wind brings people cleaner and fresher air.
E. Architects must consider what the building will do to the environment.
新素养 社会责任 Years ago, green was simply a colour. Now it's much more! In the 1970s, some people began to worry about what we did to mother earth. 1 It is a big idea that touches governments all over the world, and a small idea that touches us all in our homes.
Architects(建筑师) and building engineers are thinking about how to make buildings greener. These days, green architecture is becoming more and more popular. 2
We need to be very careful about the materials we use. It is better to choose renewable materials—those that the earth replaces quickly. 3 Also, for those materials that are not renewable, we need to use them as little as possible. Our mother earth has offered us many other possibilities, such as wind and solar power.
Planners must think about the needs of those who will spend time in green buildings. In many cases, green energy is more comfortable for people. 4 Natural lighting is often kinder to the eyes than electric lighting. In fact, many people who live or work in green buildings report feeling happier and healthier.
5 For example, they might try to use as little land as possible. If a building covers a large area, there will be less space for plants and trees. They also have to think about cutting down waste and pollution while the building work is going on.
Although green buildings are more expensive to build, they are less expensive to run.
A. Or we can reuse some materials.
B. As a result, green thinking was born.
C. To understand it, we have to look at three different areas.
D. For example, natural wind brings people cleaner and fresher air.
E. Architects must consider what the building will do to the environment.
答案：五 1—5 BCADE
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇英语语篇信息还原题，解题时首先要通读全文，明确文章核心主题是介绍绿色理念与绿色建筑相关内容，再逐空梳理上下文的逻辑关联：先判断设空处的句子功能是总起句、过渡句还是细节支撑句，再匹配选项的因果、总分、举例等逻辑关系，逐一排除不符合语境的选项。首先看第1空，前文提到人们开始担忧人类对地球的行为，后文引出覆盖全球和普通人生活的全新理念，可对应因果类衔接选项；第2空后文分三个维度展开介绍绿色建筑，说明此处是总起下文的过渡句；第3空前后都围绕建筑材料的合理使用展开，选符合材料使用要求的细节选项；第4空前后都在举例说明绿色能源给人带来的舒适体验，选和后文并列的举例项；第5空后文围绕建筑对土地、污染的影响展开，选该段的总起主旨句即可。
【解析】
1. 空前句说明上世纪70年代人们开始担忧人类对地球的所作所为，空后引出这个影响全球政府和普通家庭的全新理念，B选项“As a result, green thinking was born.”（结果，绿色思维诞生了）构成因果逻辑，完美衔接上下文。
2. 空前句引出绿色建筑越来越受欢迎的话题，空后分别从材料选择、使用者居住体验、建筑环境影响三个维度展开介绍绿色建筑，C选项“To understand it, we have to look at three different areas.”（要理解它，我们必须着眼于三个不同的方面）起到总起下文的过渡作用，和后文三个段落的内容对应。
3. 空前句提到优先选择可再生的建筑材料，空后说明不可再生材料要尽可能少用，A选项“Or we can reuse some materials.”（或者我们可以重复利用一些材料）属于合理使用建筑材料的可行做法，前后逻辑连贯。
4. 空前句点明绿色能源会给人们带来更舒适的体验，空后举了自然光比电灯更护目的例子，D选项“For example, natural wind brings people cleaner and fresher air.”（例如，自然风给人们带来更洁净清新的空气）是和后文并列的举例内容，共同支撑“绿色能源更舒适”的论点。
5. 空后举例说明建筑要尽量少占用土地、减少施工过程的浪费和污染，全部围绕建筑对环境的影响展开，E选项“Architects must consider what the building will do to the environment.”（建筑师必须考虑建筑会对环境产生什么影响）是该段的总起主旨句，完全契合段落内容。
【答案】
1—5 BCADE
【知识点】
英语语篇信息还原，逻辑衔接判断，环保主题语境
【点评】
本题结合社会责任的新素养导向，以绿色建筑为话题选材，既考查学生对英语语篇因果、总分、举例等逻辑关系的把握能力，也渗透了生态环保的理念。解题时要注意区分总起句、过渡句、细节支撑句的不同功能，不要仅凭个别单词的表面匹配选错答案。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇英语语篇信息还原题，解题时首先要通读全文，明确文章核心主题是介绍绿色理念与绿色建筑相关内容，再逐空梳理上下文的逻辑关联：先判断设空处的句子功能是总起句、过渡句还是细节支撑句，再匹配选项的因果、总分、举例等逻辑关系，逐一排除不符合语境的选项。首先看第1空，前文提到人们开始担忧人类对地球的行为，后文引出覆盖全球和普通人生活的全新理念，可对应因果类衔接选项；第2空后文分三个维度展开介绍绿色建筑，说明此处是总起下文的过渡句；第3空前后都围绕建筑材料的合理使用展开，选符合材料使用要求的细节选项；第4空前后都在举例说明绿色能源给人带来的舒适体验，选和后文并列的举例项；第5空后文围绕建筑对土地、污染的影响展开，选该段的总起主旨句即可。
【解析】
1. 空前句说明上世纪70年代人们开始担忧人类对地球的所作所为，空后引出这个影响全球政府和普通家庭的全新理念，B选项“As a result, green thinking was born.”（结果，绿色思维诞生了）构成因果逻辑，完美衔接上下文。
2. 空前句引出绿色建筑越来越受欢迎的话题，空后分别从材料选择、使用者居住体验、建筑环境影响三个维度展开介绍绿色建筑，C选项“To understand it, we have to look at three different areas.”（要理解它，我们必须着眼于三个不同的方面）起到总起下文的过渡作用，和后文三个段落的内容对应。
3. 空前句提到优先选择可再生的建筑材料，空后说明不可再生材料要尽可能少用，A选项“Or we can reuse some materials.”（或者我们可以重复利用一些材料）属于合理使用建筑材料的可行做法，前后逻辑连贯。
4. 空前句点明绿色能源会给人们带来更舒适的体验，空后举了自然光比电灯更护目的例子，D选项“For example, natural wind brings people cleaner and fresher air.”（例如，自然风给人们带来更洁净清新的空气）是和后文并列的举例内容，共同支撑“绿色能源更舒适”的论点。
5. 空后举例说明建筑要尽量少占用土地、减少施工过程的浪费和污染，全部围绕建筑对环境的影响展开，E选项“Architects must consider what the building will do to the environment.”（建筑师必须考虑建筑会对环境产生什么影响）是该段的总起主旨句，完全契合段落内容。
【答案】
1—5 BCADE
【知识点】
英语语篇信息还原，逻辑衔接判断，环保主题语境
【点评】
本题结合社会责任的新素养导向，以绿色建筑为话题选材，既考查学生对英语语篇因果、总分、举例等逻辑关系的把握能力，也渗透了生态环保的理念。解题时要注意区分总起句、过渡句、细节支撑句的不同功能，不要仅凭个别单词的表面匹配选错答案。
【难度系数】
0.7