四、(2023·南京市联合体期末)完形填空。
Hi, everyone! Today I am talking about table manners. Table manners are all the 1 we should follow when we are eating with other people.
My parents told me not to put too much food in my mouth, 2 they told me not to put the knife in my mouth or lick it. This is about safety as well as manners. I hate it when people talk with food in their mouths. There is one thing I hate even more. It’s when people 3 about the food they are eating while they are still eating it.
The next important rule is that if you don’t eat something, then you need to tell the host. Don’t wait until you arrive, or everyone might have an 4 time. If you forget to tell the host beforehand, then you need to eat what you are given.
It’s okay if you do not want tea, coffee or another drink that is 5. But don’t turn your cup over or put your hand over the top. Just tell whoever is serving that you do not want it.
An important rule is that if you cannot 6 something, you should ask for it. So we often have to pass food and plates around. They should be passed around the table to the right. If you are passed something that you do not want, then you should 7 passing it on. Don’t just put it down.
Plates should be taken away only when 8 at the table has finished eating. You should put your knife and fork together pointing up from the bottom of the plate. Then everyone knows you have finished.
Take care not to leave a meal too early. That looks as if you only came for the meal and not the 9. One thing that happens all too often is that people forget to say “thank you”. Make sure you 10 your host when you leave. Also send a text or an email after the meal. A handwritten thank - you note will show you really have manners!
1. A. laws B. rules C. senses D. messages
2. A. and B. but C. or D. so
3. A. say B. care C. agree D. complain
4. A. unusual B. excellent C. enjoyable D. uncomfortable
5. A. offered B. needed C. limited D. finished
6. A. avoid B. reach C. afford D. choose
7. A. keep B. risk C. stop D. remember
8. A. someone B. anyone C. everyone D. no one
9. A. food B. drink C. event D. culture
10. A. treat B. thank C. greet D. invite
Hi, everyone! Today I am talking about table manners. Table manners are all the 1 we should follow when we are eating with other people.
My parents told me not to put too much food in my mouth, 2 they told me not to put the knife in my mouth or lick it. This is about safety as well as manners. I hate it when people talk with food in their mouths. There is one thing I hate even more. It’s when people 3 about the food they are eating while they are still eating it.
The next important rule is that if you don’t eat something, then you need to tell the host. Don’t wait until you arrive, or everyone might have an 4 time. If you forget to tell the host beforehand, then you need to eat what you are given.
It’s okay if you do not want tea, coffee or another drink that is 5. But don’t turn your cup over or put your hand over the top. Just tell whoever is serving that you do not want it.
An important rule is that if you cannot 6 something, you should ask for it. So we often have to pass food and plates around. They should be passed around the table to the right. If you are passed something that you do not want, then you should 7 passing it on. Don’t just put it down.
Plates should be taken away only when 8 at the table has finished eating. You should put your knife and fork together pointing up from the bottom of the plate. Then everyone knows you have finished.
Take care not to leave a meal too early. That looks as if you only came for the meal and not the 9. One thing that happens all too often is that people forget to say “thank you”. Make sure you 10 your host when you leave. Also send a text or an email after the meal. A handwritten thank - you note will show you really have manners!
1. A. laws B. rules C. senses D. messages
2. A. and B. but C. or D. so
3. A. say B. care C. agree D. complain
4. A. unusual B. excellent C. enjoyable D. uncomfortable
5. A. offered B. needed C. limited D. finished
6. A. avoid B. reach C. afford D. choose
7. A. keep B. risk C. stop D. remember
8. A. someone B. anyone C. everyone D. no one
9. A. food B. drink C. event D. culture
10. A. treat B. thank C. greet D. invite
答案：四 1. B 2. A
3. D 【解析】根据前句“There is one thing I hate even more.”可推知，此处指作者更讨厌人们边吃边抱怨食物。complain 意为“抱怨”，符合语境。
4. D 【解析】根据空前的“Don't wait until you arrive”及“or”可知，客人在到达后才告诉主人自己有忌口，那么大家都会感到不舒服(uncomfortable)。
5. A 6. B 7. A
8. C 【解析】根据后句“You should put your knife and fork together pointing up from the bottom of the plate.”可知，自己吃完饭后可以先把刀叉放在盘子底部而不拿走，由此可推知，只有当餐桌上的每个人(everyone)都吃完了，盘子才能被收走。
9. C 10. B
3. D 【解析】根据前句“There is one thing I hate even more.”可推知，此处指作者更讨厌人们边吃边抱怨食物。complain 意为“抱怨”，符合语境。
4. D 【解析】根据空前的“Don't wait until you arrive”及“or”可知，客人在到达后才告诉主人自己有忌口，那么大家都会感到不舒服(uncomfortable)。
5. A 6. B 7. A
8. C 【解析】根据后句“You should put your knife and fork together pointing up from the bottom of the plate.”可知，自己吃完饭后可以先把刀叉放在盘子底部而不拿走，由此可推知，只有当餐桌上的每个人(everyone)都吃完了，盘子才能被收走。
9. C 10. B
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇介绍日常餐桌礼仪的说明文，解题时首先要通读全文，明确文章核心主题是列举就餐时需要遵守的各类礼仪规范，再逐空结合上下文的语境提示、逻辑关系、词义辨析来推导答案，遇到暂时不确定的空可以先跳过，等读完后文找到对应线索后再回头验证，确保所选内容符合全文的礼仪主题逻辑。
【解析】
1. 后文多次出现"rule"（规则）的提示，句意为“餐桌礼仪是我们和他人共同就餐时应当遵守的所有规则”，A. laws法律 B. rules规则 C. senses感觉 D. messages信息，故选B。
2. 空格前后是父母对作者提出的两条并列的就餐告诫：不要往嘴里塞太多食物、不要把刀放进嘴里或者舔刀，是顺承并列关系，用并列连词and，故选A。
3. 前句提到“有一件事我更加讨厌”，结合语境可知此处指作者反感人们边吃饭边抱怨正在吃的食物，complain about是固定搭配意为“抱怨”，A. say说 B. care关心 C. agree同意 D. complain抱怨，故选D。
4. 句意为“不要等到抵达就餐地点才告知主人自己有忌口，不然所有人都会有不舒服的体验”，A. unusual不寻常的 B. excellent极好的 C. enjoyable愉快的 D. uncomfortable不舒服的，故选D。
5. 句意为“如果你不想喝别人递过来的茶、咖啡或者其他饮品也完全没关系”，A. offered提供 B. needed需要 C. limited限制 D. finished完成，故选A。
6. 后文提到大家需要互相传递食物和餐盘，对应此处的场景是如果你够不到某样东西，就开口请别人帮忙传递，A. avoid避免 B. reach够到 C. afford负担得起 D. choose选择，故选B。
7. 句意为“如果别人递给你的东西你不想要，你就继续把它往下传，不要直接放下”，keep doing sth. 表示“持续/继续做某事”，A. keep继续 B. risk冒险 C. stop停止 D. remember记得，故选A。
8. 结合后文提示，只有所有人都示意自己吃完了才能收走餐盘，句意为“只有餐桌上的每个人都吃完之后，餐盘才能被收走”，A. someone某人 B. anyone任何人 C. everyone所有人 D. no one没人，故选C。
9. 句意为“过早离席看起来你似乎只是为了这顿饭而来，而不是为了这次聚会活动本身”，A. food食物 B. drink饮品 C. event活动/场合 D. culture文化，故选C。
10. 前文提到人们经常忘记说“谢谢”，对应此处要求离开的时候一定要感谢主人，A. treat招待 B. thank感谢 C. greet问候 D. invite邀请，故选B。
【答案】
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. C 10. B
【知识点】
语境推断，词义辨析，连词用法
【点评】
本篇完形填空主题贴近日常生活，围绕实用的餐桌礼仪展开，既考查学生对初中常见名词、动词、连词的词义辨析能力，也能让学生了解基本的就餐礼仪常识，大部分题目都有明确的前后文提示线索，只要学生做题时不脱离语境，联系上下文对应内容就能顺利选出正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇介绍日常餐桌礼仪的说明文，解题时首先要通读全文，明确文章核心主题是列举就餐时需要遵守的各类礼仪规范，再逐空结合上下文的语境提示、逻辑关系、词义辨析来推导答案，遇到暂时不确定的空可以先跳过，等读完后文找到对应线索后再回头验证，确保所选内容符合全文的礼仪主题逻辑。
【解析】
1. 后文多次出现"rule"（规则）的提示，句意为“餐桌礼仪是我们和他人共同就餐时应当遵守的所有规则”，A. laws法律 B. rules规则 C. senses感觉 D. messages信息，故选B。
2. 空格前后是父母对作者提出的两条并列的就餐告诫：不要往嘴里塞太多食物、不要把刀放进嘴里或者舔刀，是顺承并列关系，用并列连词and，故选A。
3. 前句提到“有一件事我更加讨厌”，结合语境可知此处指作者反感人们边吃饭边抱怨正在吃的食物，complain about是固定搭配意为“抱怨”，A. say说 B. care关心 C. agree同意 D. complain抱怨，故选D。
4. 句意为“不要等到抵达就餐地点才告知主人自己有忌口，不然所有人都会有不舒服的体验”，A. unusual不寻常的 B. excellent极好的 C. enjoyable愉快的 D. uncomfortable不舒服的，故选D。
5. 句意为“如果你不想喝别人递过来的茶、咖啡或者其他饮品也完全没关系”，A. offered提供 B. needed需要 C. limited限制 D. finished完成，故选A。
6. 后文提到大家需要互相传递食物和餐盘，对应此处的场景是如果你够不到某样东西，就开口请别人帮忙传递，A. avoid避免 B. reach够到 C. afford负担得起 D. choose选择，故选B。
7. 句意为“如果别人递给你的东西你不想要，你就继续把它往下传，不要直接放下”，keep doing sth. 表示“持续/继续做某事”，A. keep继续 B. risk冒险 C. stop停止 D. remember记得，故选A。
8. 结合后文提示，只有所有人都示意自己吃完了才能收走餐盘，句意为“只有餐桌上的每个人都吃完之后，餐盘才能被收走”，A. someone某人 B. anyone任何人 C. everyone所有人 D. no one没人，故选C。
9. 句意为“过早离席看起来你似乎只是为了这顿饭而来，而不是为了这次聚会活动本身”，A. food食物 B. drink饮品 C. event活动/场合 D. culture文化，故选C。
10. 前文提到人们经常忘记说“谢谢”，对应此处要求离开的时候一定要感谢主人，A. treat招待 B. thank感谢 C. greet问候 D. invite邀请，故选B。
【答案】
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. C 10. B
【知识点】
语境推断，词义辨析，连词用法
【点评】
本篇完形填空主题贴近日常生活，围绕实用的餐桌礼仪展开，既考查学生对初中常见名词、动词、连词的词义辨析能力，也能让学生了解基本的就餐礼仪常识，大部分题目都有明确的前后文提示线索，只要学生做题时不脱离语境，联系上下文对应内容就能顺利选出正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.7