一、(2025·南京市玄武区期末)方框选词。
provide，look after，are busy with，used to，join
Are you looking for something fun and would you like to help others when you are free? Then 1 us to be a volunteer! We're a non - profit organization. We have volunteer jobs for all ages. Anyone from 12 - year - old children to people in their seventies can become a volunteer.
You can help people in many ways. Schools need volunteers to take care of children while the teachers 2 other work. Hospitals need volunteers to 3 children while their parents are seeing doctors. “As a volunteer, I don't want to get anything. Seeing the children's happy faces, I am happy too,” said Carol Domingo, an old woman of 62. “I 4 play computer games in my free time, but now I like helping the old people learn how to use computers,” said another volunteer at the age of 18.
If everyone can try to 5 help for others, we will have a better world. Call us on 5584 - 7579 or visit our website www. act. com.
provide，look after，are busy with，used to，join
Are you looking for something fun and would you like to help others when you are free? Then 1 us to be a volunteer! We're a non - profit organization. We have volunteer jobs for all ages. Anyone from 12 - year - old children to people in their seventies can become a volunteer.
You can help people in many ways. Schools need volunteers to take care of children while the teachers 2 other work. Hospitals need volunteers to 3 children while their parents are seeing doctors. “As a volunteer, I don't want to get anything. Seeing the children's happy faces, I am happy too,” said Carol Domingo, an old woman of 62. “I 4 play computer games in my free time, but now I like helping the old people learn how to use computers,” said another volunteer at the age of 18.
If everyone can try to 5 help for others, we will have a better world. Call us on 5584 - 7579 or visit our website www. act. com.
答案：1. join 2. are busy with 3. look after 4. used to 5. provide
解析：
【分析】
做这类方框选词题，首先第一步要先明确给出的所有备选词汇/短语的含义和常用搭配，再通读整篇短文把握文章主旨（本文是一则志愿者招募的宣传文），之后逐空结合上下文语境、语法规则、固定搭配逐一匹配选项，同时注意剩余选项的校验，确保每一个选择都符合逻辑和语法要求。具体思考路径：1. 第一空是招募场景，表达“加入我们”的含义，匹配对应动词；2. 第二空描述老师没空照看孩子的原因，对应“忙于其他工作”的短语；3. 第三空医院场景下，父母就诊时需要有人照料孩子，匹配对应照料类短语；4. 第四空出现now提示前后是过去和现在的行为对比，匹配表过去常常的短语；5. 第五空后面出现介词for，对应“为他人提供帮助”的固定搭配。
【解析】
1. 第一空：本句是祈使句，需要用动词原形开头，语境是号召读者加入志愿者团队，join sb. 是固定表达，意为“加入某人、和某人一同参与活动”，完全符合招募语境，因此填join。
2. 第二空：while引导时间状语从句，主语the teachers是复数，语境说明学校需要志愿者看孩子的原因是老师们都在处理其他工作，are busy with意为“忙于……”，语义和语法都匹配，因此填are busy with。
3. 第三空：结构为need sb. to do sth.，to后接动词原形，医院场景下，父母去就诊时需要有人照料陪同孩子，look after意为“照看、照料”，符合场景需求，因此填look after。
4. 第四空：后半句出现but now，提示前后是过去行为和现在行为的转折对比，used to do sth. 是固定结构，意为“过去常常做某事（现在已经不做了）”，完全符合“过去玩游戏，现在做志愿”的逻辑，因此填used to。
5. 第五空：结构为try to do sth.，to后接动词原形，固定搭配provide sth. for sb. 意为“为某人提供某物”，此处表达为他人提供帮助，语义搭配都成立，因此填provide。
【答案】
1. join 2. are busy with 3. look after 4. used to 5. provide
【知识点】
动词短语辨析，固定搭配，短文选词
【点评】
本题选取贴近学生生活的志愿者招募主题，考点都是初中阶段核心的常用动词短语，难度适中。解题的核心技巧是抓住上下文的逻辑提示词（比如本题的but now）和固定搭配的介词线索，不需要复杂变形，只要掌握基础短语含义就能顺利完成，适合用来巩固常用短语的应用能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
做这类方框选词题，首先第一步要先明确给出的所有备选词汇/短语的含义和常用搭配，再通读整篇短文把握文章主旨（本文是一则志愿者招募的宣传文），之后逐空结合上下文语境、语法规则、固定搭配逐一匹配选项，同时注意剩余选项的校验，确保每一个选择都符合逻辑和语法要求。具体思考路径：1. 第一空是招募场景，表达“加入我们”的含义，匹配对应动词；2. 第二空描述老师没空照看孩子的原因，对应“忙于其他工作”的短语；3. 第三空医院场景下，父母就诊时需要有人照料孩子，匹配对应照料类短语；4. 第四空出现now提示前后是过去和现在的行为对比，匹配表过去常常的短语；5. 第五空后面出现介词for，对应“为他人提供帮助”的固定搭配。
【解析】
1. 第一空：本句是祈使句，需要用动词原形开头，语境是号召读者加入志愿者团队，join sb. 是固定表达，意为“加入某人、和某人一同参与活动”，完全符合招募语境，因此填join。
2. 第二空：while引导时间状语从句，主语the teachers是复数，语境说明学校需要志愿者看孩子的原因是老师们都在处理其他工作，are busy with意为“忙于……”，语义和语法都匹配，因此填are busy with。
3. 第三空：结构为need sb. to do sth.，to后接动词原形，医院场景下，父母去就诊时需要有人照料陪同孩子，look after意为“照看、照料”，符合场景需求，因此填look after。
4. 第四空：后半句出现but now，提示前后是过去行为和现在行为的转折对比，used to do sth. 是固定结构，意为“过去常常做某事（现在已经不做了）”，完全符合“过去玩游戏，现在做志愿”的逻辑，因此填used to。
5. 第五空：结构为try to do sth.，to后接动词原形，固定搭配provide sth. for sb. 意为“为某人提供某物”，此处表达为他人提供帮助，语义搭配都成立，因此填provide。
【答案】
1. join 2. are busy with 3. look after 4. used to 5. provide
【知识点】
动词短语辨析，固定搭配，短文选词
【点评】
本题选取贴近学生生活的志愿者招募主题，考点都是初中阶段核心的常用动词短语，难度适中。解题的核心技巧是抓住上下文的逻辑提示词（比如本题的but now）和固定搭配的介词线索，不需要复杂变形，只要掌握基础短语含义就能顺利完成，适合用来巩固常用短语的应用能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
二、(2025·盐城市射阳实验初中期中)首字母填空。
On the first day of our school's Community Service Week, I learnt how small actions can make a big d 1 to our world. Our teacher taught us some b 2 skills like collecting waste and planting trees. “Even simple efforts (努力) can spread hope,” she said.
My classmates and I worked c 3 to clean up the local park. At first, I didn't think it was helpful, but seeing bags of rubbish collected gave me a c 4 to rethink. When more neighbours joined to s 5 us, I realized the teamwork was really m 6.
A friend of mine, Tom, used old bottles w 7 to build bird feeders. His clever action made the birds in the park eat food freely. By the end of the week, there were many more birds coming here. The park l 8 brighter, and our hearts felt lighter.
This event taught me that caring for the environment starts w 9 small steps. Whether it's recycling or saving energy, every action matters. If all of us can do something good for the environment, we are sure to build a much g 10 world. Let's take action!
On the first day of our school's Community Service Week, I learnt how small actions can make a big d 1 to our world. Our teacher taught us some b 2 skills like collecting waste and planting trees. “Even simple efforts (努力) can spread hope,” she said.
My classmates and I worked c 3 to clean up the local park. At first, I didn't think it was helpful, but seeing bags of rubbish collected gave me a c 4 to rethink. When more neighbours joined to s 5 us, I realized the teamwork was really m 6.
A friend of mine, Tom, used old bottles w 7 to build bird feeders. His clever action made the birds in the park eat food freely. By the end of the week, there were many more birds coming here. The park l 8 brighter, and our hearts felt lighter.
This event taught me that caring for the environment starts w 9 small steps. Whether it's recycling or saving energy, every action matters. If all of us can do something good for the environment, we are sure to build a much g 10 world. Let's take action!
答案：1. difference 2. basic 3. closely 4. chance 5. support 6. meaningful 7. wisely 8. looked 9. with 10. greater/greener
解析：
【分析】
做首字母填空首先要先通读全文，理清文章主旨：本文讲述了作者在学校社区服务周参与环保公益活动的经历，感悟到微小的行动也能给世界带来积极改变。解题时可以先结合上下文语境、首字母提示，优先联想对应的固定搭配，再判断空格所需的词性、时态、变形规则，逐个推导答案，最后将所有单词代入全文通读，验证逻辑和语法是否通顺。
【解析】
1. 空格前有make a big的结构，结合句意“微小的行动能对世界产生巨大影响”，对应固定搭配make a difference（有影响、起作用），首字母为d，故填difference。
2. 空格修饰名词skills，后文列举的收集垃圾、种树都是入门级的服务技能，结合首字母b，填形容词basic，表示“基础的”。
3. 空格修饰动词worked，需填入副词，结合语境“我和同学们合作清扫公园”，首字母c，填副词closely，表示“紧密地”。
4. 对应固定搭配give sb. a chance to do sth.（给某人做某事的机会），句意为“看到收集好的一袋袋垃圾，给了我重新思考的机会”，首字母c，填chance。
5. 空格在不定式符号to后，需填动词原形，句意为“更多邻居加入我们、和我们一起行动”，首字母s，填动词support，表示“支持”。
6. 空格在be动词was后作表语，需填形容词，句意为“我意识到团队协作真的很有意义”，首字母m，填meaningful，表示“有意义的”。
7. 空格修饰动词used，需填入副词，句意为“汤姆明智地利用旧瓶子制作喂鸟器”，首字母w，填副词wisely，表示“明智地”。
8. 全文叙述过去发生的事，用一般过去时，空格后接形容词brighter，需填系动词的过去式，句意为“公园看起来更明亮了”，首字母l，填looked。
9. 对应固定搭配start with（以……开始），句意为“保护环境要从小步骤做起”，首字母w，填介词with。
10. 空格前有much，much常用来修饰形容词比较级，句意为“我们一定能建设一个更美好/更绿色的世界”，首字母g，填比较级greater或者greener。
【答案】
1. difference 2. basic 3. closely 4. chance 5. support 6. meaningful 7. wisely 8. looked 9. with 10. greater/greener
【知识点】
固定搭配辨析，副词句法功能，形容词比较级
【点评】
本题选取贴近学生校园生活的社区服务主题，既考查了初中阶段核心的固定短语、基础词义词性变形等知识点，也引导学生建立“小事也能带来大改变”的环保意识，解题时需要学生避免孤立看单个句子，要结合全文语境推导单词，对学生的语篇理解能力有一定的考察作用。
【难度系数】
0.6
做首字母填空首先要先通读全文，理清文章主旨：本文讲述了作者在学校社区服务周参与环保公益活动的经历，感悟到微小的行动也能给世界带来积极改变。解题时可以先结合上下文语境、首字母提示，优先联想对应的固定搭配，再判断空格所需的词性、时态、变形规则，逐个推导答案，最后将所有单词代入全文通读，验证逻辑和语法是否通顺。
【解析】
1. 空格前有make a big的结构，结合句意“微小的行动能对世界产生巨大影响”，对应固定搭配make a difference（有影响、起作用），首字母为d，故填difference。
2. 空格修饰名词skills，后文列举的收集垃圾、种树都是入门级的服务技能，结合首字母b，填形容词basic，表示“基础的”。
3. 空格修饰动词worked，需填入副词，结合语境“我和同学们合作清扫公园”，首字母c，填副词closely，表示“紧密地”。
4. 对应固定搭配give sb. a chance to do sth.（给某人做某事的机会），句意为“看到收集好的一袋袋垃圾，给了我重新思考的机会”，首字母c，填chance。
5. 空格在不定式符号to后，需填动词原形，句意为“更多邻居加入我们、和我们一起行动”，首字母s，填动词support，表示“支持”。
6. 空格在be动词was后作表语，需填形容词，句意为“我意识到团队协作真的很有意义”，首字母m，填meaningful，表示“有意义的”。
7. 空格修饰动词used，需填入副词，句意为“汤姆明智地利用旧瓶子制作喂鸟器”，首字母w，填副词wisely，表示“明智地”。
8. 全文叙述过去发生的事，用一般过去时，空格后接形容词brighter，需填系动词的过去式，句意为“公园看起来更明亮了”，首字母l，填looked。
9. 对应固定搭配start with（以……开始），句意为“保护环境要从小步骤做起”，首字母w，填介词with。
10. 空格前有much，much常用来修饰形容词比较级，句意为“我们一定能建设一个更美好/更绿色的世界”，首字母g，填比较级greater或者greener。
【答案】
1. difference 2. basic 3. closely 4. chance 5. support 6. meaningful 7. wisely 8. looked 9. with 10. greater/greener
【知识点】
固定搭配辨析，副词句法功能，形容词比较级
【点评】
本题选取贴近学生校园生活的社区服务主题，既考查了初中阶段核心的固定短语、基础词义词性变形等知识点，也引导学生建立“小事也能带来大改变”的环保意识，解题时需要学生避免孤立看单个句子，要结合全文语境推导单词，对学生的语篇理解能力有一定的考察作用。
【难度系数】
0.6
三、(2023·吉林长春中考改编)阅读理解。
If you see someone fall down suddenly, perhaps as a result of a heart attack, what can you do while you wait for professional help?
Chen Wenqiaochu set a good example when he was fourteen. He performed CPR(心肺复苏术) on a staff person at his school, saving the man's life in 2013. According to medical experts, there is a “golden period”—the first four minutes of a heart attack. During this time, CPR is best for saving the person's life.
In August 2020, all public schools nationwide were asked to provide CPR courses in China, as part of health education. CPR is not hard to grasp. All that one needs to know is how to watch and decide if a person has a heart attack, where to press on the patient's chest (胸), and how to blow air through the mouth and into the lungs(肺).
Unluckily, less than one per cent of Chinese adults have mastered the skill of CPR, while many have never heard of it. A 2019 survey from China Youth Daily showed that although 64.6% of schools opened health education courses, the teaching results were not satisfactory.
Zhao Shengyu, a graduate from a high school, remembered her first time to be taught CPR in the class. “No model, video or practice was included. I realized the acts I had been taught had lots of mistakes after I was trained another time in a medical school,” she said. According to her own experience, Zhao said more professional CPR courses in schools were necessary.
Most countries have attached importance to CPR training. It was shown in a survey in 2017 that more than half of Americans had received CPR training. Switzerland, Germany, France and some other countries have also provided CPR training.
1. What does the underlined word “grasp” in the passage probably mean?
A. Spread widely.
B. Understand completely.
C. Repeat carefully.
D. Think differently.
2. Why were more professional CPR courses in schools necessary according to Zhao Shengyu?
A. Because most students had never heard of CPR.
B. Because lots of countries provided CPR training.
C. Because her first CPR learning had lots of mistakes.
D. Because experts advised students to master the skill of CPR.
3. 新考法 事件排序 Which is the RIGHT time order of the following facts?
① Chen Wenqiaochu saved a staff person at his school.
② All public schools were asked to provide CPR courses in China.
③ It was reported that 64.6% of schools opened health education courses.
④ A survey showed that more than half of Americans had received CPR training.
A. ①④③②
B. ②①④③
C. ①③④②
D. ③②①④
4. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The steps of performing CPR.
B. The people saved by CPR in China.
C. The recent situation of CPR courses in China.
D. The development of CPR training around the world.
If you see someone fall down suddenly, perhaps as a result of a heart attack, what can you do while you wait for professional help?
Chen Wenqiaochu set a good example when he was fourteen. He performed CPR(心肺复苏术) on a staff person at his school, saving the man's life in 2013. According to medical experts, there is a “golden period”—the first four minutes of a heart attack. During this time, CPR is best for saving the person's life.
In August 2020, all public schools nationwide were asked to provide CPR courses in China, as part of health education. CPR is not hard to grasp. All that one needs to know is how to watch and decide if a person has a heart attack, where to press on the patient's chest (胸), and how to blow air through the mouth and into the lungs(肺).
Unluckily, less than one per cent of Chinese adults have mastered the skill of CPR, while many have never heard of it. A 2019 survey from China Youth Daily showed that although 64.6% of schools opened health education courses, the teaching results were not satisfactory.
Zhao Shengyu, a graduate from a high school, remembered her first time to be taught CPR in the class. “No model, video or practice was included. I realized the acts I had been taught had lots of mistakes after I was trained another time in a medical school,” she said. According to her own experience, Zhao said more professional CPR courses in schools were necessary.
Most countries have attached importance to CPR training. It was shown in a survey in 2017 that more than half of Americans had received CPR training. Switzerland, Germany, France and some other countries have also provided CPR training.
1. What does the underlined word “grasp” in the passage probably mean?
A. Spread widely.
B. Understand completely.
C. Repeat carefully.
D. Think differently.
2. Why were more professional CPR courses in schools necessary according to Zhao Shengyu?
A. Because most students had never heard of CPR.
B. Because lots of countries provided CPR training.
C. Because her first CPR learning had lots of mistakes.
D. Because experts advised students to master the skill of CPR.
3. 新考法 事件排序 Which is the RIGHT time order of the following facts?
① Chen Wenqiaochu saved a staff person at his school.
② All public schools were asked to provide CPR courses in China.
③ It was reported that 64.6% of schools opened health education courses.
④ A survey showed that more than half of Americans had received CPR training.
A. ①④③②
B. ②①④③
C. ①③④②
D. ③②①④
4. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The steps of performing CPR.
B. The people saved by CPR in China.
C. The recent situation of CPR courses in China.
D. The development of CPR training around the world.
答案：1. B 2. C 【解析】根据第五段中“I realized the acts I had been taught had lots of mistakes after I was trained another time in a medical school”可知，因为自己第一次所学的 CPR 有很多错误，所以她认为在学校开设更专业的 CPR 课程是有必要的。 3. A 4. D 【解析】通读全文可知，第三至五段介绍了 CPR 培训在中国的发展情况；最后一段介绍了 CPR 培训在国外的情况，由此可知，本文主要介绍 CPR 培训在全球的发展状况。
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇围绕心肺复苏术相关培训展开的科普类阅读理解，解题时可以按题型逐个突破：
1. 词义猜测题：先定位划线单词grasp所在的段落，后文紧接着列出了掌握CPR仅需要了解的三点核心内容，说明CPR这项技能并不难学会、完全弄懂，对比四个选项就能选出匹配的含义。
2. 细节理解题：定位到人物Zhao Shengyu对应的段落，找到她提出需要更专业CPR课程的依据，结合她的个人学习经历的原文表述即可选出答案。
3. 事件排序题：逐个定位四个事件对应的明确时间点，按照时间先后顺序排列事件，就能得到正确排序结果。
4. 主旨大意题：通读全文，文章既介绍了中国CPR课程的开设现状与现存问题，也介绍了多个其他国家的CPR培训普及情况，匹配对应主旨选项即可。
【解析】
1. 词义猜测：划线词所在句后文说明CPR只需要掌握判断心梗症状、胸外按压位置、人工呼吸操作三点内容，说明CPR并不难完全学会、掌握，A选项广泛传播、C选项仔细重复、D选项不同角度思考均不符合语境，只有B选项“完全理解、掌握”和语境匹配，因此选B。
2. 细节理解：根据第五段Zhao Shengyu的表述，她第一次在课堂上学CPR时没有模型、视频和实操环节，后来在医学院重新培训才发现之前学的动作有很多错误，因此她认为学校需要开设更专业的CPR课程，对应选项C。
3. 事件排序：逐个核对事件对应的时间：①陈文巧楚2013年救下学校工作人员；④2017年的调查显示超过半数美国人接受过CPR培训；③2019年中国青年日报的调查显示64.6%的学校开设了健康教育课程；②2020年8月要求全国所有公立学校开设CPR课程，时间先后顺序为①④③②，因此选A。
4. 主旨大意：文章先引入CPR的黄金抢救时间概念，接着介绍中国CPR课程的开设现状和现存的专业性不足的问题，最后介绍美国、瑞士、德国、法国等多国都重视CPR培训，整体是介绍全球范围内CPR培训的发展情况，对应选项D。
【答案】
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D
【知识点】
词义猜测，细节理解，主旨大意
【点评】
本题是中考典型的实用科普类阅读理解，融入了急救常识的正向科普引导，考点覆盖了阅读理解高频考查的四类题型，事件排序题需要学生精准定位不同信息对应的时间节点，对学生的信息检索能力有一定要求，整体难度适中，既考察阅读能力也能引导学生关注实用的急救技能知识。
【难度系数】
0.65
这是一篇围绕心肺复苏术相关培训展开的科普类阅读理解，解题时可以按题型逐个突破：
1. 词义猜测题：先定位划线单词grasp所在的段落，后文紧接着列出了掌握CPR仅需要了解的三点核心内容，说明CPR这项技能并不难学会、完全弄懂，对比四个选项就能选出匹配的含义。
2. 细节理解题：定位到人物Zhao Shengyu对应的段落，找到她提出需要更专业CPR课程的依据，结合她的个人学习经历的原文表述即可选出答案。
3. 事件排序题：逐个定位四个事件对应的明确时间点，按照时间先后顺序排列事件，就能得到正确排序结果。
4. 主旨大意题：通读全文，文章既介绍了中国CPR课程的开设现状与现存问题，也介绍了多个其他国家的CPR培训普及情况，匹配对应主旨选项即可。
【解析】
1. 词义猜测：划线词所在句后文说明CPR只需要掌握判断心梗症状、胸外按压位置、人工呼吸操作三点内容，说明CPR并不难完全学会、掌握，A选项广泛传播、C选项仔细重复、D选项不同角度思考均不符合语境，只有B选项“完全理解、掌握”和语境匹配，因此选B。
2. 细节理解：根据第五段Zhao Shengyu的表述，她第一次在课堂上学CPR时没有模型、视频和实操环节，后来在医学院重新培训才发现之前学的动作有很多错误，因此她认为学校需要开设更专业的CPR课程，对应选项C。
3. 事件排序：逐个核对事件对应的时间：①陈文巧楚2013年救下学校工作人员；④2017年的调查显示超过半数美国人接受过CPR培训；③2019年中国青年日报的调查显示64.6%的学校开设了健康教育课程；②2020年8月要求全国所有公立学校开设CPR课程，时间先后顺序为①④③②，因此选A。
4. 主旨大意：文章先引入CPR的黄金抢救时间概念，接着介绍中国CPR课程的开设现状和现存的专业性不足的问题，最后介绍美国、瑞士、德国、法国等多国都重视CPR培训，整体是介绍全球范围内CPR培训的发展情况，对应选项D。
【答案】
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D
【知识点】
词义猜测，细节理解，主旨大意
【点评】
本题是中考典型的实用科普类阅读理解，融入了急救常识的正向科普引导，考点覆盖了阅读理解高频考查的四类题型，事件排序题需要学生精准定位不同信息对应的时间节点，对学生的信息检索能力有一定要求，整体难度适中，既考察阅读能力也能引导学生关注实用的急救技能知识。
【难度系数】
0.65