Ⅲ. 阅读理解（每小题 2.5 分，满分 20 分）
A
跨学科 地理 ①Do you notice that the sea gets warmer every few years? This is called “El Niño”—a big area of warm water in the Pacific Ocean. But why does it happen?
②El Niño starts when something changes the winds. Scientists think the winds come from the northern half of the world and then form this energy. These winds blow south over the ocean. When they meet warm sea water，the water gets even warmer and starts to move.
③Imagine blowing on a cup of soup—the wind makes the soup move. Similarly，strong winds push the warm water east across the Pacific. This warm water piles up and creates El Niño. The process happens every 2 to 7 years，making the weather change，like heavy rain.
④ As well as the sea water becoming warmer，El Niño affects the weather in every part of the world. It can bring a lot of heavy rain. Besides，strong winds can break buildings down. It can even mean that fishermen cannot catch fish.
⑤We can't do much about El Niño because it's something that happens by itself in nature. But we can try to improve the weather by not letting the earth get too warm and by keeping the air clean. The most important job for scientists is to learn how to find out when El Niño will bring dangerous weather. Then，people can try to prepare for violent weather such as storms. Modern technology（技术）can be helpful. Still，it's hard to say when or where El Niño will cause problems for us.
1. 新考法 图示理解 According to the passage，which picture is NOT the result of El Niño?
A.
seawater becomes warmer
B. strong winds
C. a lot of heavy rain
D. fishermen catch more fish
2. Which sentence uses “form” with the same meaning as the underlined word?
A. Ice and water are different forms of the same thing.
B. Please fill in the form with your name and phone number.
C. He is telling the story in the form of a poem.
D. We can form a study group to help each other.
3. Why does the writer write the passage?
A. To ask fishermen to be careful during storms.
B. To give a scientific introduction of El Niño.
C. To help farmers get ready for dry weather.
D. To show people how to stop El Niño.
4. 新考法 篇章结构 What's the structure of the passage?
A.
El Niño
What causes it
①
②
③
How it can affect the weather
④
What to do with it
⑤
B.
El Niño
What causes it
①
②
How it can affect the weather
③
④
⑤
C.
El Niño
How it can affect the weather
①
②
What causes it
③
④
How to change it
⑤
D.
El Niño
How it can affect the weather
①
②
③
What causes it
④
⑤
A
跨学科 地理 ①Do you notice that the sea gets warmer every few years? This is called “El Niño”—a big area of warm water in the Pacific Ocean. But why does it happen?
②El Niño starts when something changes the winds. Scientists think the winds come from the northern half of the world and then form this energy. These winds blow south over the ocean. When they meet warm sea water，the water gets even warmer and starts to move.
③Imagine blowing on a cup of soup—the wind makes the soup move. Similarly，strong winds push the warm water east across the Pacific. This warm water piles up and creates El Niño. The process happens every 2 to 7 years，making the weather change，like heavy rain.
④ As well as the sea water becoming warmer，El Niño affects the weather in every part of the world. It can bring a lot of heavy rain. Besides，strong winds can break buildings down. It can even mean that fishermen cannot catch fish.
⑤We can't do much about El Niño because it's something that happens by itself in nature. But we can try to improve the weather by not letting the earth get too warm and by keeping the air clean. The most important job for scientists is to learn how to find out when El Niño will bring dangerous weather. Then，people can try to prepare for violent weather such as storms. Modern technology（技术）can be helpful. Still，it's hard to say when or where El Niño will cause problems for us.
1. 新考法 图示理解 According to the passage，which picture is NOT the result of El Niño?
A.
seawater becomes warmerB. strong winds
C. a lot of heavy rain
D. fishermen catch more fish
2. Which sentence uses “form” with the same meaning as the underlined word?
A. Ice and water are different forms of the same thing.
B. Please fill in the form with your name and phone number.
C. He is telling the story in the form of a poem.
D. We can form a study group to help each other.
3. Why does the writer write the passage?
A. To ask fishermen to be careful during storms.
B. To give a scientific introduction of El Niño.
C. To help farmers get ready for dry weather.
D. To show people how to stop El Niño.
4. 新考法 篇章结构 What's the structure of the passage?
A.
El Niño
What causes it
①
②
③
How it can affect the weather
④
What to do with it
⑤
B.
El Niño
What causes it
①
②
How it can affect the weather
③
④
⑤
C.
El Niño
How it can affect the weather
①
②
What causes it
③
④
How to change it
⑤
D.
El Niño
How it can affect the weather
①
②
③
What causes it
④
⑤
答案：A
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,主要从成因、影响及应对措施等方面对厄尔尼诺现象进行了科学介绍。
1.D 解析:图示理解题。根据第四段“It can bring a lot of heavy rain. Besides, strong winds can break buildings down. It can even mean that fishermen cannot catch fish.”可知,厄尔尼诺现象会导致海水变暖、暴雨、强风破坏建筑以及渔民无法捕鱼。故选 D。
2.D 解析:词义猜测题。根据“Scientists think the winds come from the northern half of the world and then form this energy.”可知,文中画线词 form 表示“形成”，句意为“科学家认为风来自北半球,然后形成这种能量”。D 选项中“form a study group”表示“组成学习小组”，与画线词含义相同。故选 D。
3.B 解析:写作意图题。文章依次介绍了厄尔尼诺现象的定义、成因、对天气和人类活动的影响,以及目前的应对措施。整体以科学说明为目的。故选 B。
4.A 解析:篇章结构题。第①②③段解释什么引起了厄尔尼诺现象;第④段说明它是怎样影响天气的;第⑤段阐述应对措施。故选 A。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,主要从成因、影响及应对措施等方面对厄尔尼诺现象进行了科学介绍。
1.D 解析:图示理解题。根据第四段“It can bring a lot of heavy rain. Besides, strong winds can break buildings down. It can even mean that fishermen cannot catch fish.”可知,厄尔尼诺现象会导致海水变暖、暴雨、强风破坏建筑以及渔民无法捕鱼。故选 D。
2.D 解析:词义猜测题。根据“Scientists think the winds come from the northern half of the world and then form this energy.”可知,文中画线词 form 表示“形成”，句意为“科学家认为风来自北半球,然后形成这种能量”。D 选项中“form a study group”表示“组成学习小组”，与画线词含义相同。故选 D。
3.B 解析:写作意图题。文章依次介绍了厄尔尼诺现象的定义、成因、对天气和人类活动的影响,以及目前的应对措施。整体以科学说明为目的。故选 B。
4.A 解析:篇章结构题。第①②③段解释什么引起了厄尔尼诺现象;第④段说明它是怎样影响天气的;第⑤段阐述应对措施。故选 A。