Ⅲ. 阅读理解（每小题 2.5 分，满分 20 分）
A
跨学科 地理 ①Do you notice that the sea gets warmer every few years? This is called “El Niño”—a big area of warm water in the Pacific Ocean. But why does it happen?
②El Niño starts when something changes the winds. Scientists think the winds come from the northern half of the world and then form this energy. These winds blow south over the ocean. When they meet warm sea water，the water gets even warmer and starts to move.
③Imagine blowing on a cup of soup—the wind makes the soup move. Similarly，strong winds push the warm water east across the Pacific. This warm water piles up and creates El Niño. The process happens every 2 to 7 years，making the weather change，like heavy rain.
④ As well as the sea water becoming warmer，El Niño affects the weather in every part of the world. It can bring a lot of heavy rain. Besides，strong winds can break buildings down. It can even mean that fishermen cannot catch fish.
⑤We can't do much about El Niño because it's something that happens by itself in nature. But we can try to improve the weather by not letting the earth get too warm and by keeping the air clean. The most important job for scientists is to learn how to find out when El Niño will bring dangerous weather. Then，people can try to prepare for violent weather such as storms. Modern technology（技术）can be helpful. Still，it's hard to say when or where El Niño will cause problems for us.
1. 新考法 图示理解 According to the passage，which picture is NOT the result of El Niño?
2. Which sentence uses “form” with the same meaning as the underlined word?
A. Ice and water are different forms of the same thing.
B. Please fill in the form with your name and phone number.
C. He is telling the story in the form of a poem.
D. We can form a study group to help each other.
3. Why does the writer write the passage?
A. To ask fishermen to be careful during storms.
B. To give a scientific introduction of El Niño.
C. To help farmers get ready for dry weather.
D. To show people how to stop El Niño.
4. 新考法 篇章结构 What's the structure of the passage?
A
跨学科 地理 ①Do you notice that the sea gets warmer every few years? This is called “El Niño”—a big area of warm water in the Pacific Ocean. But why does it happen?
②El Niño starts when something changes the winds. Scientists think the winds come from the northern half of the world and then form this energy. These winds blow south over the ocean. When they meet warm sea water，the water gets even warmer and starts to move.
③Imagine blowing on a cup of soup—the wind makes the soup move. Similarly，strong winds push the warm water east across the Pacific. This warm water piles up and creates El Niño. The process happens every 2 to 7 years，making the weather change，like heavy rain.
④ As well as the sea water becoming warmer，El Niño affects the weather in every part of the world. It can bring a lot of heavy rain. Besides，strong winds can break buildings down. It can even mean that fishermen cannot catch fish.
⑤We can't do much about El Niño because it's something that happens by itself in nature. But we can try to improve the weather by not letting the earth get too warm and by keeping the air clean. The most important job for scientists is to learn how to find out when El Niño will bring dangerous weather. Then，people can try to prepare for violent weather such as storms. Modern technology（技术）can be helpful. Still，it's hard to say when or where El Niño will cause problems for us.
1. 新考法 图示理解 According to the passage，which picture is NOT the result of El Niño?
2. Which sentence uses “form” with the same meaning as the underlined word?
A. Ice and water are different forms of the same thing.
B. Please fill in the form with your name and phone number.
C. He is telling the story in the form of a poem.
D. We can form a study group to help each other.
3. Why does the writer write the passage?
A. To ask fishermen to be careful during storms.
B. To give a scientific introduction of El Niño.
C. To help farmers get ready for dry weather.
D. To show people how to stop El Niño.
4. 新考法 篇章结构 What's the structure of the passage?
答案：1-4 DDBA
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,主要从成因、影响及应对措施等方面对厄尔尼诺现象进行了科学介绍。
1.D 解析:图示理解题。根据第四段“It can bring a lot of heavy rain. Besides, strong winds can break buildings down. It can even mean that fishermen cannot catch fish.”可知,厄尔尼诺现象会导致海水变暖、暴雨、强风破坏建筑以及渔民无法捕鱼。故选 D。
2.D 解析:词义猜测题。根据“Scientists think the winds come from the northern half of the world and then form this energy.”可知,文中画线词 form 表示“形成”，句意为“科学家认为风来自北半球,然后形成这种能量”。D 选项中“form a study group”表示“组成学习小组”，与画线词含义相同。故选 D。
3.B 解析:写作意图题。文章依次介绍了厄尔尼诺现象的定义、成因、对天气和人类活动的影响,以及目前的应对措施。整体以科学说明为目的。故选 B。
4.A 解析:篇章结构题。第①②③段解释什么引起了厄尔尼诺现象;第④段说明它是怎样影响天气的;第⑤段阐述应对措施。故选 A。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,主要从成因、影响及应对措施等方面对厄尔尼诺现象进行了科学介绍。
1.D 解析:图示理解题。根据第四段“It can bring a lot of heavy rain. Besides, strong winds can break buildings down. It can even mean that fishermen cannot catch fish.”可知,厄尔尼诺现象会导致海水变暖、暴雨、强风破坏建筑以及渔民无法捕鱼。故选 D。
2.D 解析:词义猜测题。根据“Scientists think the winds come from the northern half of the world and then form this energy.”可知,文中画线词 form 表示“形成”，句意为“科学家认为风来自北半球,然后形成这种能量”。D 选项中“form a study group”表示“组成学习小组”，与画线词含义相同。故选 D。
3.B 解析:写作意图题。文章依次介绍了厄尔尼诺现象的定义、成因、对天气和人类活动的影响,以及目前的应对措施。整体以科学说明为目的。故选 B。
4.A 解析:篇章结构题。第①②③段解释什么引起了厄尔尼诺现象;第④段说明它是怎样影响天气的;第⑤段阐述应对措施。故选 A。
解析：
翻译:
### Ⅲ. 阅读理解（每小题2.5分，满分20分）
#### A
你有没有注意到每隔几年海水就会变暖？这被称为“厄尔尼诺”——太平洋上一大片温暖的水域。但它为什么会发生呢？
厄尔尼诺现象始于某种因素改变了风的情况。科学家们认为风来自北半球，然后形成这种能量。这些风在海洋上空向南吹。当它们遇到温暖的海水时，海水变得更温暖并开始移动。
想象一下对着一杯汤吹气——风会使汤流动。同样地，强风会推动温暖的海水向东穿过太平洋。这些温暖的海水堆积起来就形成了厄尔尼诺现象。这个过程每2到7年发生一次，会使天气发生变化，比如暴雨。
除了海水变暖，厄尔尼诺还会影响世界各个地区的天气。它会带来大量的暴雨。此外，强风会摧毁建筑物。它甚至可能意味着渔民无法捕到鱼。
我们对厄尔尼诺现象无能为力，因为它是自然界中自行发生的现象。但我们可以通过不让地球变得太热以及保持空气清洁来努力改善天气。科学家们最重要的工作是学会如何预测厄尔尼诺何时会带来危险天气。然后，人们可以尝试为暴风雨等恶劣天气做好准备。现代技术可能会有所帮助。不过，很难说厄尔尼诺会在何时何地给我们带来问题。
1. 新考法 图示理解 根据文章，哪一幅图不是厄尔尼诺现象的结果？
2. 哪个句子中“form”的意思与划线单词的意思相同？
A. 冰和水是同一种物质的不同形式。
B. 请在表格中填写你的姓名和电话号码。
C. 他以诗歌的形式讲述这个故事。
D. 我们可以成立一个学习小组来互相帮助。
3. 作者为什么写这篇文章？
A. 提醒渔民在暴风雨期间要小心。
B. 对厄尔尼诺现象进行科学介绍。
C. 帮助农民为干旱天气做好准备。
D. 向人们展示如何阻止厄尔尼诺现象。
4. 新考法 篇章结构 这篇文章的结构是什么？
### Ⅲ. 阅读理解（每小题2.5分，满分20分）
#### A
你有没有注意到每隔几年海水就会变暖？这被称为“厄尔尼诺”——太平洋上一大片温暖的水域。但它为什么会发生呢？
厄尔尼诺现象始于某种因素改变了风的情况。科学家们认为风来自北半球，然后形成这种能量。这些风在海洋上空向南吹。当它们遇到温暖的海水时，海水变得更温暖并开始移动。
想象一下对着一杯汤吹气——风会使汤流动。同样地，强风会推动温暖的海水向东穿过太平洋。这些温暖的海水堆积起来就形成了厄尔尼诺现象。这个过程每2到7年发生一次，会使天气发生变化，比如暴雨。
除了海水变暖，厄尔尼诺还会影响世界各个地区的天气。它会带来大量的暴雨。此外，强风会摧毁建筑物。它甚至可能意味着渔民无法捕到鱼。
我们对厄尔尼诺现象无能为力，因为它是自然界中自行发生的现象。但我们可以通过不让地球变得太热以及保持空气清洁来努力改善天气。科学家们最重要的工作是学会如何预测厄尔尼诺何时会带来危险天气。然后，人们可以尝试为暴风雨等恶劣天气做好准备。现代技术可能会有所帮助。不过，很难说厄尔尼诺会在何时何地给我们带来问题。
1. 新考法 图示理解 根据文章，哪一幅图不是厄尔尼诺现象的结果？
2. 哪个句子中“form”的意思与划线单词的意思相同？
A. 冰和水是同一种物质的不同形式。
B. 请在表格中填写你的姓名和电话号码。
C. 他以诗歌的形式讲述这个故事。
D. 我们可以成立一个学习小组来互相帮助。
3. 作者为什么写这篇文章？
A. 提醒渔民在暴风雨期间要小心。
B. 对厄尔尼诺现象进行科学介绍。
C. 帮助农民为干旱天气做好准备。
D. 向人们展示如何阻止厄尔尼诺现象。
4. 新考法 篇章结构 这篇文章的结构是什么？