B
思维品质 辩证思维 If your parents were to surprise you with a present on your birthday，which one would you prefer，a trip to the amusement park or a new pair of shoes?
According to Science Daily，about one - third of the people are likely to prefer shoes to a fun trip. These people are called “materialists”，namely，those who value material goods more than experiences（经历）. But which of the two choices makes people happier?
Ryan Howell，a professor at San Francisco State University，found that in the long run，experiences make people happier than what they own. This is because the joy of getting a new object fades（消退）over time as you get used to seeing it every day. Experiences，on the other hand，can continue to bring you joy in the future through happy memories.
But materialists should at least be happy when they first buy something，shouldn't they?
To find it out，Howell did another study. He classified（分组）a group of adults according to their personality（性格）types—from less materialistic to more materialistic. Each person was asked different questions to see how they felt about spending money on material goods and spending money on experiences.
As expected，the more materialistic participants got less happiness from the act of buying than the less materialistic，because such an act didn't fit with their personalities and values. But to Howell's surprise，he found that materialists weren't any happier even if they spent money on material items.
This is because materialists worry that others may criticize or look down on their choices. “There are certain value systems that aren't liked by society，” said Howell. “When we find out someone is materialistic，we think less of them，and that makes their happiness decrease.”
Another reason is that materialistic people always pay attention to what they don't have instead of what they have now. This makes them feel less happy and thankful.
If you happen to be a materialistic person，there's something you can try. “If materialists make more acts of buying in the right way，rather than trying to impress（给……留下深刻印象）others，they will be happier，” Howell said.
You should also remember what an ancient Greek philosopher（哲学家）once said，“Do not spoil（破坏）what you have by wishing for what you don't have；remember what you now have was once among the things you only hoped for.”
5. What did Ryan Howell find in his studies?
A. Material goods bring people less happiness than experiences.
B. About one - third of the people prefer material goods to experiences.
C. Materialists have more fun spending money on goods than on experiences.
D. Getting a new object brings joy for a long time while the joy of an experience fades soon.
6. What did Ryan Howell want to find out by doing another study?
A. How to judge whether a person is a materialist.
B. Why materialists are not happy with their act of buying.
C. How materialists feel when they spend money on goods.
D. Whether materialists are happy when they first buy something.
7. 语言能力 推断能力 Why does the writer use the ancient Greek philosopher's words in the last paragraph?
A. To advise materialistic people not to try to impress others.
B. To persuade（劝说）people to be pleased with what they already own.
C. To show it's unwise to be materialistic and want more things.
D. To tell readers what they wish for now might one day become theirs.
8. What can be the best title for the passage?
A. Are You a Materialist?
B. How to be Happy?
C. The Best Present for the Birthday
D. Which Can Make People Happier?
思维品质 辩证思维 If your parents were to surprise you with a present on your birthday，which one would you prefer，a trip to the amusement park or a new pair of shoes?
According to Science Daily，about one - third of the people are likely to prefer shoes to a fun trip. These people are called “materialists”，namely，those who value material goods more than experiences（经历）. But which of the two choices makes people happier?
Ryan Howell，a professor at San Francisco State University，found that in the long run，experiences make people happier than what they own. This is because the joy of getting a new object fades（消退）over time as you get used to seeing it every day. Experiences，on the other hand，can continue to bring you joy in the future through happy memories.
But materialists should at least be happy when they first buy something，shouldn't they?
To find it out，Howell did another study. He classified（分组）a group of adults according to their personality（性格）types—from less materialistic to more materialistic. Each person was asked different questions to see how they felt about spending money on material goods and spending money on experiences.
As expected，the more materialistic participants got less happiness from the act of buying than the less materialistic，because such an act didn't fit with their personalities and values. But to Howell's surprise，he found that materialists weren't any happier even if they spent money on material items.
This is because materialists worry that others may criticize or look down on their choices. “There are certain value systems that aren't liked by society，” said Howell. “When we find out someone is materialistic，we think less of them，and that makes their happiness decrease.”
Another reason is that materialistic people always pay attention to what they don't have instead of what they have now. This makes them feel less happy and thankful.
If you happen to be a materialistic person，there's something you can try. “If materialists make more acts of buying in the right way，rather than trying to impress（给……留下深刻印象）others，they will be happier，” Howell said.
You should also remember what an ancient Greek philosopher（哲学家）once said，“Do not spoil（破坏）what you have by wishing for what you don't have；remember what you now have was once among the things you only hoped for.”
5. What did Ryan Howell find in his studies?
A. Material goods bring people less happiness than experiences.
B. About one - third of the people prefer material goods to experiences.
C. Materialists have more fun spending money on goods than on experiences.
D. Getting a new object brings joy for a long time while the joy of an experience fades soon.
6. What did Ryan Howell want to find out by doing another study?
A. How to judge whether a person is a materialist.
B. Why materialists are not happy with their act of buying.
C. How materialists feel when they spend money on goods.
D. Whether materialists are happy when they first buy something.
7. 语言能力 推断能力 Why does the writer use the ancient Greek philosopher's words in the last paragraph?
A. To advise materialistic people not to try to impress others.
B. To persuade（劝说）people to be pleased with what they already own.
C. To show it's unwise to be materialistic and want more things.
D. To tell readers what they wish for now might one day become theirs.
8. What can be the best title for the passage?
A. Are You a Materialist?
B. How to be Happy?
C. The Best Present for the Birthday
D. Which Can Make People Happier?
答案：5-8 ADBD
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文,作者通过引用 Ryan Howell 的研究结果证实经历比有形物质更能给人带来快乐。
5.A 解析:细节理解题。根据“Ryan Howell ... found that in the long run, experiences make people happier than what they own.”可知长远来看,人们的经历比人们拥有的东西更能让人快乐。故选 A。
6.D 解析:推理判断题。根据“But materialists should at least be happy when they first buy something, shouldn't they?”以及“To find it out, Howell did another study.”可知 Howell 为了弄清楚物质主义者是否会在第一次购买东西时感到高兴,做了另一项研究。故选 D。
7.B 解析:写作意图题。根据“Do not spoil what you have by wishing for what you don't have; remember what you now have was once among the things you only hoped for.”可知不要因为渴望你没有的东西而破坏你所拥有的;记住你现在拥有的曾经是你仅仅希望得到的东西之一,结合上文可知,引用这句话是说服人们珍惜他们已经拥有的东西。故选 B。
8.D 解析:标题归纳题。本文作者通过一项研究结果向读者说明了经历比有形物质更能给人带来快乐,希望读者能够正确对待物质。所以选项 D“哪个能让人们更快乐?”作为标题最合适。故选 D。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文,作者通过引用 Ryan Howell 的研究结果证实经历比有形物质更能给人带来快乐。
5.A 解析:细节理解题。根据“Ryan Howell ... found that in the long run, experiences make people happier than what they own.”可知长远来看,人们的经历比人们拥有的东西更能让人快乐。故选 A。
6.D 解析:推理判断题。根据“But materialists should at least be happy when they first buy something, shouldn't they?”以及“To find it out, Howell did another study.”可知 Howell 为了弄清楚物质主义者是否会在第一次购买东西时感到高兴,做了另一项研究。故选 D。
7.B 解析:写作意图题。根据“Do not spoil what you have by wishing for what you don't have; remember what you now have was once among the things you only hoped for.”可知不要因为渴望你没有的东西而破坏你所拥有的;记住你现在拥有的曾经是你仅仅希望得到的东西之一,结合上文可知,引用这句话是说服人们珍惜他们已经拥有的东西。故选 B。
8.D 解析:标题归纳题。本文作者通过一项研究结果向读者说明了经历比有形物质更能给人带来快乐,希望读者能够正确对待物质。所以选项 D“哪个能让人们更快乐?”作为标题最合适。故选 D。
解析：
翻译:
### B
#### 思维品质 辩证思维
如果你的父母在你生日时给你一个惊喜礼物，你更喜欢哪一个，是去游乐园游玩还是一双新鞋？
据《科学日报》报道，大约三分之一的人可能更喜欢鞋子而不是有趣的旅行。这些人被称为“物质主义者”，也就是说，那些重视物质商品胜过经历的人。但是这两种选择中哪一种能让人更快乐呢？
旧金山州立大学的教授瑞安·霍韦尔发现，从长远来看，经历比人们拥有的东西更能让人快乐。这是因为当你习惯了每天看到一个新物品时，得到它的乐趣会随着时间的推移而消退。另一方面，经历可以在未来通过快乐的回忆继续给你带来快乐。
但是物质主义者至少在第一次买东西的时候应该会开心，不是吗？
为了找到答案，霍韦尔做了另一项研究。他根据一组成年人的性格类型对他们进行了分组——从不太物质主义到更物质主义。每个人都被问了不同的问题，以了解他们对把钱花在物质商品上和把钱花在经历上的感受。
不出所料，更物质主义的参与者从购买行为中获得的快乐比不太物质主义的参与者少，因为这样的行为不符合他们的个性和价值观。但令霍韦尔惊讶的是，他发现即使物质主义者把钱花在物质物品上，他们也没有更快乐。
这是因为物质主义者担心别人可能会批评或看不起他们的选择。“有一些价值体系不被社会所喜欢，”霍韦尔说。“当我们发现某人是物质主义者时，我们对他们的评价就会降低，这会使他们的快乐感降低。”
另一个原因是物质主义的人总是关注他们没有的东西，而不是他们现在拥有的东西。这让他们感觉不那么快乐和感恩。
如果你碰巧是一个物质主义者，你可以尝试一些事情。“如果物质主义者以正确的方式进行更多的购买行为，而不是试图给别人留下深刻印象，他们会更快乐，”霍韦尔说。
你还应该记住一位古希腊哲学家曾经说过的话：“不要因为渴望你没有的东西而破坏你已经拥有的东西；记住你现在拥有的东西曾经也是你只希望拥有的东西之一。”
5. 瑞安·霍韦尔在他的研究中发现了什么？
A. 物质商品给人们带来的快乐比经历少。
B. 大约三分之一的人更喜欢物质商品而不是经历。
C. 物质主义者把钱花在商品上比花在经历上更有乐趣。
D. 得到一个新物品会带来长久的快乐，而经历的快乐很快就会消退。
6. 瑞安·霍韦尔通过做另一项研究想要找出什么？
A. 如何判断一个人是否是物质主义者。
B. 为什么物质主义者对他们的购买行为不满意。
C. 物质主义者在把钱花在商品上时的感受如何。
D. 物质主义者在第一次买东西时是否快乐。
7. 语言能力 推断能力 作者在最后一段中引用古希腊哲学家的话是为什么？
A. 建议物质主义者不要试图给别人留下深刻印象。
B. 劝说人们对自己已经拥有的东西感到满意。
C. 表明物质主义并想要更多东西是不明智的。
D. 告诉读者他们现在渴望的东西有一天可能会成为他们的。
8. 这篇文章的最佳标题是什么？
A. 你是物质主义者吗？
B. 如何快乐？
C. 生日的最佳礼物
D. 哪一个能让人更快乐？
### B
#### 思维品质 辩证思维
如果你的父母在你生日时给你一个惊喜礼物，你更喜欢哪一个，是去游乐园游玩还是一双新鞋？
据《科学日报》报道，大约三分之一的人可能更喜欢鞋子而不是有趣的旅行。这些人被称为“物质主义者”，也就是说，那些重视物质商品胜过经历的人。但是这两种选择中哪一种能让人更快乐呢？
旧金山州立大学的教授瑞安·霍韦尔发现，从长远来看，经历比人们拥有的东西更能让人快乐。这是因为当你习惯了每天看到一个新物品时，得到它的乐趣会随着时间的推移而消退。另一方面，经历可以在未来通过快乐的回忆继续给你带来快乐。
但是物质主义者至少在第一次买东西的时候应该会开心，不是吗？
为了找到答案，霍韦尔做了另一项研究。他根据一组成年人的性格类型对他们进行了分组——从不太物质主义到更物质主义。每个人都被问了不同的问题，以了解他们对把钱花在物质商品上和把钱花在经历上的感受。
不出所料，更物质主义的参与者从购买行为中获得的快乐比不太物质主义的参与者少，因为这样的行为不符合他们的个性和价值观。但令霍韦尔惊讶的是，他发现即使物质主义者把钱花在物质物品上，他们也没有更快乐。
这是因为物质主义者担心别人可能会批评或看不起他们的选择。“有一些价值体系不被社会所喜欢，”霍韦尔说。“当我们发现某人是物质主义者时，我们对他们的评价就会降低，这会使他们的快乐感降低。”
另一个原因是物质主义的人总是关注他们没有的东西，而不是他们现在拥有的东西。这让他们感觉不那么快乐和感恩。
如果你碰巧是一个物质主义者，你可以尝试一些事情。“如果物质主义者以正确的方式进行更多的购买行为，而不是试图给别人留下深刻印象，他们会更快乐，”霍韦尔说。
你还应该记住一位古希腊哲学家曾经说过的话：“不要因为渴望你没有的东西而破坏你已经拥有的东西；记住你现在拥有的东西曾经也是你只希望拥有的东西之一。”
5. 瑞安·霍韦尔在他的研究中发现了什么？
A. 物质商品给人们带来的快乐比经历少。
B. 大约三分之一的人更喜欢物质商品而不是经历。
C. 物质主义者把钱花在商品上比花在经历上更有乐趣。
D. 得到一个新物品会带来长久的快乐，而经历的快乐很快就会消退。
6. 瑞安·霍韦尔通过做另一项研究想要找出什么？
A. 如何判断一个人是否是物质主义者。
B. 为什么物质主义者对他们的购买行为不满意。
C. 物质主义者在把钱花在商品上时的感受如何。
D. 物质主义者在第一次买东西时是否快乐。
7. 语言能力 推断能力 作者在最后一段中引用古希腊哲学家的话是为什么？
A. 建议物质主义者不要试图给别人留下深刻印象。
B. 劝说人们对自己已经拥有的东西感到满意。
C. 表明物质主义并想要更多东西是不明智的。
D. 告诉读者他们现在渴望的东西有一天可能会成为他们的。
8. 这篇文章的最佳标题是什么？
A. 你是物质主义者吗？
B. 如何快乐？
C. 生日的最佳礼物
D. 哪一个能让人更快乐？