五、(2025·南京师范大学附属中
A study has found light pollution is making the night sky brighter and the stars dimmer(暗淡).
The study examined data(数据) from more than 50,000 star watchers across the world. It found that man - made lighting is making the night sky about 10 percent brighter each year. Data for the study was collected from 2011 to 2022. The research findings recently were written in a book. The result was a much faster rate of change than scientists had guessed in the past.
"We are losing, year by year, the chance to see the stars," said Fabio Falchi, a physicist at the University of Santiago de Compostela in Spain. "If you can still see the dimmest stars, you are in a very dark place," Falchi said. "But if you see only the brightest ones, you are in a very light - polluted place."
As cities expand(扩大) and put up more lights, a "sky glow" is created in the sky. "Sky glow" is a term scientists use to describe light that becomes more intense(强烈的).
The research team gave an example to make the result clear. If a child is born where 250 stars can be seen on a clear night, by the time that child turns 18, only 100 stars will be seen.
Light pollution influences more than our view of the heavens. Research shows that lots of nighttime light can harm wildlife.
1. What kind of pollution is the passage talking about?
A. Waste pollution.
B. Land pollution.
C. Noise pollution.
D. Light pollution.
2. How long was data for the study collected?
A. For about eight years.
B. For about ten years.
C. For about twelve years.
D. For about fourteen years.
3. Which of the following is not true according to the passage?
A. The study examined data from over 50,000 star watchers across the world.
B. The research findings recently were written in a book.
C. Fabio Falchi thinks we are losing chances to see the stars year by year.
D. If you can see only the brightest stars, you are in a very dark place.
4. The passage wants to tell us that
A. light pollution is bad for the environment
B. man - made lighting is making the night sky more beautiful
C. "sky glow" is a term that scientists use to describe dim light
D. children can only see 100 stars when they grow up
学
宿迁分校期末)阅读理解。〔人与自然——环境保护〕A study has found light pollution is making the night sky brighter and the stars dimmer(暗淡).
The study examined data(数据) from more than 50,000 star watchers across the world. It found that man - made lighting is making the night sky about 10 percent brighter each year. Data for the study was collected from 2011 to 2022. The research findings recently were written in a book. The result was a much faster rate of change than scientists had guessed in the past.
"We are losing, year by year, the chance to see the stars," said Fabio Falchi, a physicist at the University of Santiago de Compostela in Spain. "If you can still see the dimmest stars, you are in a very dark place," Falchi said. "But if you see only the brightest ones, you are in a very light - polluted place."
As cities expand(扩大) and put up more lights, a "sky glow" is created in the sky. "Sky glow" is a term scientists use to describe light that becomes more intense(强烈的).
The research team gave an example to make the result clear. If a child is born where 250 stars can be seen on a clear night, by the time that child turns 18, only 100 stars will be seen.
Light pollution influences more than our view of the heavens. Research shows that lots of nighttime light can harm wildlife.
1. What kind of pollution is the passage talking about?
A. Waste pollution.
B. Land pollution.
C. Noise pollution.
D. Light pollution.
2. How long was data for the study collected?
A. For about eight years.
B. For about ten years.
C. For about twelve years.
D. For about fourteen years.
3. Which of the following is not true according to the passage?
A. The study examined data from over 50,000 star watchers across the world.
B. The research findings recently were written in a book.
C. Fabio Falchi thinks we are losing chances to see the stars year by year.
D. If you can see only the brightest stars, you are in a very dark place.
4. The passage wants to tell us that
A
.A. light pollution is bad for the environment
B. man - made lighting is making the night sky more beautiful
C. "sky glow" is a term that scientists use to describe dim light
D. children can only see 100 stars when they grow up
答案：1~4. DCDA
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇环保主题的阅读理解，解题时可以按照以下思路进行：1. 先快速浏览全文，抓住核心讨论对象，明确文章围绕光污染的相关研究和危害展开；2. 针对每道细节题，提取题干中的关键词，回到原文对应段落定位信息，将选项表述和原文内容逐一比对判断正误；3. 对于主旨类题目，结合全文首尾段的核心表述，排除片面、和原文内容相悖的干扰选项，选出最贴合全文主旨的答案。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：文章开篇第一句就点明核心讨论对象是光污染，全文所有内容都围绕光污染的相关研究、影响展开，因此答案选D。
2. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段"Data for the study was collected from 2011 to 2022."可知，数据收集的时间跨度为11年，选项中最接近的是约12年，因此答案选C。
3. 细节判断题：逐一核对选项：A选项和第二段首句"The study examined data from more than 50,000 star watchers across the world."表述完全一致；B选项和第二段"The research findings recently were written in a book."表述一致；C选项和第三段Fabio Falchi的原话"We are losing, year by year, the chance to see the stars"表述一致；D选项和原文第三段"But if you see only the brightest ones, you are in a very light - polluted place."表述完全相反，是错误的，本题要求选不正确的选项，因此答案选D。
4. 主旨大意题：全文不仅介绍了光污染让星空能见度下降，还提到光污染会危害野生动物，核心是说明光污染对环境的负面影响。B选项"人造光让夜空更美"和原文表意相反；C选项"sky glow用来描述暗光"和原文第四段"Sky glow is a term scientists use to describe light that becomes more intense"不符；D选项是研究团队举的特定场景的例子，不是普遍结论，因此只有A选项"光污染对环境有害"符合全文主旨，答案选A。
【答案】
1~4. DCDA
【知识点】
阅读细节定位，主旨大意判断，环保主题阅读
【点评】
本题属于人与自然环境保护主题的阅读题型，大部分题目为基础细节查找题，只要掌握回原文定位关键词的技巧就可以轻松得到正确答案，干扰项设置难度低，同时文章内容也能引导学生建立对光污染的认知，树立环保意识。
【难度系数】
0.8
这是一篇环保主题的阅读理解，解题时可以按照以下思路进行：1. 先快速浏览全文，抓住核心讨论对象，明确文章围绕光污染的相关研究和危害展开；2. 针对每道细节题，提取题干中的关键词，回到原文对应段落定位信息，将选项表述和原文内容逐一比对判断正误；3. 对于主旨类题目，结合全文首尾段的核心表述，排除片面、和原文内容相悖的干扰选项，选出最贴合全文主旨的答案。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：文章开篇第一句就点明核心讨论对象是光污染，全文所有内容都围绕光污染的相关研究、影响展开，因此答案选D。
2. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段"Data for the study was collected from 2011 to 2022."可知，数据收集的时间跨度为11年，选项中最接近的是约12年，因此答案选C。
3. 细节判断题：逐一核对选项：A选项和第二段首句"The study examined data from more than 50,000 star watchers across the world."表述完全一致；B选项和第二段"The research findings recently were written in a book."表述一致；C选项和第三段Fabio Falchi的原话"We are losing, year by year, the chance to see the stars"表述一致；D选项和原文第三段"But if you see only the brightest ones, you are in a very light - polluted place."表述完全相反，是错误的，本题要求选不正确的选项，因此答案选D。
4. 主旨大意题：全文不仅介绍了光污染让星空能见度下降，还提到光污染会危害野生动物，核心是说明光污染对环境的负面影响。B选项"人造光让夜空更美"和原文表意相反；C选项"sky glow用来描述暗光"和原文第四段"Sky glow is a term scientists use to describe light that becomes more intense"不符；D选项是研究团队举的特定场景的例子，不是普遍结论，因此只有A选项"光污染对环境有害"符合全文主旨，答案选A。
【答案】
1~4. DCDA
【知识点】
阅读细节定位，主旨大意判断，环保主题阅读
【点评】
本题属于人与自然环境保护主题的阅读题型，大部分题目为基础细节查找题，只要掌握回原文定位关键词的技巧就可以轻松得到正确答案，干扰项设置难度低，同时文章内容也能引导学生建立对光污染的认知，树立环保意识。
【难度系数】
0.8