四、(2025·泰州市泰兴市期末改编)(跨生物·奇妙的萤火虫)阅读理解。
① Imagine you are in a field at night，and suddenly，you see lots of little lights around you. You have just found a group of fireflies(萤火虫)，and their twinkling(闪烁的) lights are like a secret language. This nighttime light show，especially in the forest，has interested people for a long time. Let's explore the secret of fireflies.
② Do you know how fireflies make their tails shine? The special power of fireflies is called bioluminescence(生物发光)，a special ability to create their own light through a chemical reaction(化学反应). It happens when two chemicals in their bodies join together and produce light.
③ However，why do fireflies need to produce light in the dark? Imagine you are a firefly looking for someone special in the dark. How would you find Mr or Ms Right? Fireflies use their lights to send “hello” messages to each other. Each kind of firefly has its own special way to shine. They use their lights as an invitation to get to know each other better so that they can have baby fireflies.
④ But fireflies do not just use their lights for conversations. They also use them to stay safe. Imagine you are an adult firefly in the dark，and a big spider is trying to catch you. What do you do? You turn on your light to make a sign that tells the spider “I taste disgusting. You won't like me. So don't eat me.”.
⑤ Besides，some scientists say fireflies may also use their lights to hunt. Imagine you're a hungry firefly waiting in the dark. You flash lights to trick other insects into coming closer. When the curious prey(猎物) gets near—suddenly! You catch a quick snack. It's like using a glowing “free food” sign to attract dinner!
⑥ This story of fireflies tells us how amazing and wonderful the natural world is. Exploring the world of fireflies helps us see how important it is to take care of nature and all its amazing organisms(生物)，no matter how small they are.
1. How do fireflies make their tails shine?
A. By collecting sunlight in the day.
B. By collecting little lights around.
C. Through a chemical reaction inside.
D. With the help of other insects.
2. (创新考法·组合选择)Why do fireflies need to make light in the dark according to the passage?
a. To help stay safe.
b. To see their way clearly at night.
c. To make the night more beautiful.
d. To talk to each other as a language.
e. To hunt for other insects.
A. ade
B. acd
C. bce
D. abc
3. What does the underlined word “disgusting” mean in the passage?
A. Hot.
B. Sweet.
C. Awful.
D. Delicious.
4. Why does the writer use “Imagine you are...” in Paragraphs 1，3，4&5?
A. To give readers suggestions on how to get to know fireflies more.
B. To make the passage more scientific and make people believe it.
C. To express disagreement with people for not protecting fireflies well.
D. To make the passage more interesting and catch readers' attention.
① Imagine you are in a field at night，and suddenly，you see lots of little lights around you. You have just found a group of fireflies(萤火虫)，and their twinkling(闪烁的) lights are like a secret language. This nighttime light show，especially in the forest，has interested people for a long time. Let's explore the secret of fireflies.
② Do you know how fireflies make their tails shine? The special power of fireflies is called bioluminescence(生物发光)，a special ability to create their own light through a chemical reaction(化学反应). It happens when two chemicals in their bodies join together and produce light.
③ However，why do fireflies need to produce light in the dark? Imagine you are a firefly looking for someone special in the dark. How would you find Mr or Ms Right? Fireflies use their lights to send “hello” messages to each other. Each kind of firefly has its own special way to shine. They use their lights as an invitation to get to know each other better so that they can have baby fireflies.
④ But fireflies do not just use their lights for conversations. They also use them to stay safe. Imagine you are an adult firefly in the dark，and a big spider is trying to catch you. What do you do? You turn on your light to make a sign that tells the spider “I taste disgusting. You won't like me. So don't eat me.”.
⑤ Besides，some scientists say fireflies may also use their lights to hunt. Imagine you're a hungry firefly waiting in the dark. You flash lights to trick other insects into coming closer. When the curious prey(猎物) gets near—suddenly! You catch a quick snack. It's like using a glowing “free food” sign to attract dinner!
⑥ This story of fireflies tells us how amazing and wonderful the natural world is. Exploring the world of fireflies helps us see how important it is to take care of nature and all its amazing organisms(生物)，no matter how small they are.
1. How do fireflies make their tails shine?
A. By collecting sunlight in the day.
B. By collecting little lights around.
C. Through a chemical reaction inside.
D. With the help of other insects.
2. (创新考法·组合选择)Why do fireflies need to make light in the dark according to the passage?
a. To help stay safe.
b. To see their way clearly at night.
c. To make the night more beautiful.
d. To talk to each other as a language.
e. To hunt for other insects.
A. ade
B. acd
C. bce
D. abc
3. What does the underlined word “disgusting” mean in the passage?
A. Hot.
B. Sweet.
C. Awful.
D. Delicious.
4. Why does the writer use “Imagine you are...” in Paragraphs 1，3，4&5?
A. To give readers suggestions on how to get to know fireflies more.
B. To make the passage more scientific and make people believe it.
C. To express disagreement with people for not protecting fireflies well.
D. To make the passage more interesting and catch readers' attention.
答案：1~4. CACD
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇科普类跨学科阅读理解，解题时我们可以先明确每道题的考点，带着题干关键词回到原文对应段落定位信息，逐一比对选项排除错误表述：第1题找萤火虫发光的原理，直接定位介绍发光机制的第2段；第2题是组合类细节筛选，需要把文中提到的萤火虫发光的所有作用逐一标记，排除文中未提及的表述再匹配选项；第3题词义猜测要结合上下文语境推导单词含义；第4题判断写作手法的作用，结合科普文的写作特点排除不符合逻辑的选项即可得出答案。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据原文第2段“a special ability to create their own light through a chemical reaction. It happens when two chemicals in their bodies join together and produce light”可知，萤火虫是通过体内的两种物质发生化学反应来发光的。A选项“白天收集阳光”、B选项“收集周围的小光源”、D选项“在其他昆虫的帮助下”原文均未提及，因此选C。
2. 细节筛选组合题：逐一核对表述：a“帮助保障安全”对应第4段“They also use them to stay safe”，表述正确；b“在夜里看清路”、c“让夜晚更美丽”原文完全没有相关表述，错误；d“作为语言互相交流”对应第3段“Fireflies use their lights to send ‘hello’ messages to each other”，表述正确；e“捕猎其他昆虫”对应第5段“some scientists say fireflies may also use their lights to hunt”，表述正确。因此符合要求的是a、d、e，对应选项A。
3. 词义猜测题：根据划线词所在句的语境，萤火虫亮灯是为了向蜘蛛传递“不要吃我”的信号，说明它要表明自己的味道很差、难以下咽。A“热的”、B“甜的”、D“美味的”都不符合语境，C选项awful意为“糟糕的、难吃的”，和disgusting（令人作呕的）含义匹配，因此选C。
4. 写作意图判断题：作者多次使用“Imagine you are...”的表述，是引导读者代入场景，把科普内容变得更生动具象，提升文章趣味性，吸引读者阅读。A“给读者提出了解萤火虫的建议”、B“让文章更科学可信”、C“表达对人们没保护好萤火虫的不满”均不符合原文写作目的，因此选D。
【答案】
1~4. CACD
【知识点】
细节信息定位，词义猜测，写作手法判断
【点评】
本题是结合生物知识的跨学科阅读题，考点覆盖了初中英语阅读理解的核心题型，既考察学生快速从文本中抓取有效信息的能力，也引导学生了解萤火虫的相关生物知识，建立保护自然的意识。解题时要注意所有判断都要依托原文内容，不要加入自己的主观臆想，避免误选文中没有提到的表述。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇科普类跨学科阅读理解，解题时我们可以先明确每道题的考点，带着题干关键词回到原文对应段落定位信息，逐一比对选项排除错误表述：第1题找萤火虫发光的原理，直接定位介绍发光机制的第2段；第2题是组合类细节筛选，需要把文中提到的萤火虫发光的所有作用逐一标记，排除文中未提及的表述再匹配选项；第3题词义猜测要结合上下文语境推导单词含义；第4题判断写作手法的作用，结合科普文的写作特点排除不符合逻辑的选项即可得出答案。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据原文第2段“a special ability to create their own light through a chemical reaction. It happens when two chemicals in their bodies join together and produce light”可知，萤火虫是通过体内的两种物质发生化学反应来发光的。A选项“白天收集阳光”、B选项“收集周围的小光源”、D选项“在其他昆虫的帮助下”原文均未提及，因此选C。
2. 细节筛选组合题：逐一核对表述：a“帮助保障安全”对应第4段“They also use them to stay safe”，表述正确；b“在夜里看清路”、c“让夜晚更美丽”原文完全没有相关表述，错误；d“作为语言互相交流”对应第3段“Fireflies use their lights to send ‘hello’ messages to each other”，表述正确；e“捕猎其他昆虫”对应第5段“some scientists say fireflies may also use their lights to hunt”，表述正确。因此符合要求的是a、d、e，对应选项A。
3. 词义猜测题：根据划线词所在句的语境，萤火虫亮灯是为了向蜘蛛传递“不要吃我”的信号，说明它要表明自己的味道很差、难以下咽。A“热的”、B“甜的”、D“美味的”都不符合语境，C选项awful意为“糟糕的、难吃的”，和disgusting（令人作呕的）含义匹配，因此选C。
4. 写作意图判断题：作者多次使用“Imagine you are...”的表述，是引导读者代入场景，把科普内容变得更生动具象，提升文章趣味性，吸引读者阅读。A“给读者提出了解萤火虫的建议”、B“让文章更科学可信”、C“表达对人们没保护好萤火虫的不满”均不符合原文写作目的，因此选D。
【答案】
1~4. CACD
【知识点】
细节信息定位，词义猜测，写作手法判断
【点评】
本题是结合生物知识的跨学科阅读题，考点覆盖了初中英语阅读理解的核心题型，既考察学生快速从文本中抓取有效信息的能力，也引导学生了解萤火虫的相关生物知识，建立保护自然的意识。解题时要注意所有判断都要依托原文内容，不要加入自己的主观臆想，避免误选文中没有提到的表述。
【难度系数】
0.7