十一、阅读短文，判断正(T)误(F)。(5 分)
In the US，people get around mostly by car. The US has a vast system(系统)of roads and highways to take people where they need to go. You often see many trucks(卡车)on highways. Trucks deliver food and goods to shops.
But in some cities around the world，people travel on buses，streetcars(有轨电车)and subways. These modes of public transportation are quick，inexpensive and often greener than cars.
In almost every great city，there is a whole world underneath(在……底下)your feet—a subway system. London has the tube. Paris has the metro. Most people just see it as a way to get from point A to point B，but you can learn a lot about a city from its subway. And the cool thing is that every city's subway is different.
(
(
(
(
(
In the US，people get around mostly by car. The US has a vast system(系统)of roads and highways to take people where they need to go. You often see many trucks(卡车)on highways. Trucks deliver food and goods to shops.
But in some cities around the world，people travel on buses，streetcars(有轨电车)and subways. These modes of public transportation are quick，inexpensive and often greener than cars.
In almost every great city，there is a whole world underneath(在……底下)your feet—a subway system. London has the tube. Paris has the metro. Most people just see it as a way to get from point A to point B，but you can learn a lot about a city from its subway. And the cool thing is that every city's subway is different.
(
T
)1. The most common mode of transportation in the US is getting around by car.(
F
)2. The underlined word “vast” means “very fast”.(
F
)3. Public transportation doesn't include buses or metros.(
F
)4. The name of a subway in Paris is “tube”.(
T
)5. The advantages(优势)of public transportation include environmental friendliness，fast speed and the low price.答案：1. T
2. F 解析·根据画线词所在的句子“The US has a vast system of roads and highways to take people where they need to go.”可知，vast修饰的是system，替换为fast不符合逻辑；再由后面的补充叙述可推知，vast指的是“庞大的”。故填F。
3. F 解析·根据“... people travel on buses, streetcars and subways. These modes of public transportation ...”可知，公共汽车和地铁都属于公共交通方式。故填F。
4. F 解析·根据“Paris has the metro.”可知，在巴黎，地铁叫作“metro”，而不是“tube”。故填F。
5. T 解析·根据“These modes of public transportation are quick, inexpensive and often greener than cars.”可知，公共交通的优点是速度快、廉价和环保。故填T。
2. F 解析·根据画线词所在的句子“The US has a vast system of roads and highways to take people where they need to go.”可知，vast修饰的是system，替换为fast不符合逻辑；再由后面的补充叙述可推知，vast指的是“庞大的”。故填F。
3. F 解析·根据“... people travel on buses, streetcars and subways. These modes of public transportation ...”可知，公共汽车和地铁都属于公共交通方式。故填F。
4. F 解析·根据“Paris has the metro.”可知，在巴黎，地铁叫作“metro”，而不是“tube”。故填F。
5. T 解析·根据“These modes of public transportation are quick, inexpensive and often greener than cars.”可知，公共交通的优点是速度快、廉价和环保。故填T。
解析：
【分析】
做这类阅读正误判断题，核心思路是先读题干划出关键信息，再回到原文定位对应语句，将题干描述和原文内容逐一比对，完全匹配则判为正确，矛盾则判为错误。遇到词义猜测类的题目，要结合单词的修饰对象、上下文语境推导含义，不能望文生义。我们可以逐题定位：第1题找美国主流交通方式的描述，第2题结合路网系统的语境判断vast的含义，第3题找公共交通包含的类型，第4题找不同城市地铁的名称，第5题找公共交通的优势描述，就能快速得出答案。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一句"In the US, people get around mostly by car."，其中mostly意为“主要地、绝大多数地”，和题干中"most common（最普遍的）"表意完全一致，描述正确。
2. 划线词vast修饰美国的道路与高速公路系统，结合语境可知该词表示路网规模庞大，并非题干所说的"very fast（速度很快）"，描述错误。
3. 定位原文第二段"people travel on buses, streetcars and subways. These modes of public transportation are quick..."，说明公交车、地铁（metro属于地铁范畴）都属于公共交通，和题干"公共交通不包含公交和地铁"的表述矛盾，描述错误。
4. 定位原文第三段"London has the tube. Paris has the metro."，可知名为tube的地铁在伦敦，巴黎的地铁名为metro，题干描述错误。
5. 定位原文第二段"These modes of public transportation are quick, inexpensive and often greener than cars."，其中quick对应速度快，inexpensive对应价格低，greener对应环保，和题干描述完全匹配，描述正确。
【答案】
1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. T
【知识点】
英语阅读细节判断，生词词义猜测，原文信息比对
【点评】
本题属于基础难度的阅读判断题，绝大多数考点都可以直接在原文中找到对应依据，仅第二题涉及简单的词义推导，适合巩固阅读定位能力。做题时要注意不要凭零散印象答题，所有判断都要找到原文的明确支撑，避免主观出错。
【难度系数】
0.8
做这类阅读正误判断题，核心思路是先读题干划出关键信息，再回到原文定位对应语句，将题干描述和原文内容逐一比对，完全匹配则判为正确，矛盾则判为错误。遇到词义猜测类的题目，要结合单词的修饰对象、上下文语境推导含义，不能望文生义。我们可以逐题定位：第1题找美国主流交通方式的描述，第2题结合路网系统的语境判断vast的含义，第3题找公共交通包含的类型，第4题找不同城市地铁的名称，第5题找公共交通的优势描述，就能快速得出答案。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一句"In the US, people get around mostly by car."，其中mostly意为“主要地、绝大多数地”，和题干中"most common（最普遍的）"表意完全一致，描述正确。
2. 划线词vast修饰美国的道路与高速公路系统，结合语境可知该词表示路网规模庞大，并非题干所说的"very fast（速度很快）"，描述错误。
3. 定位原文第二段"people travel on buses, streetcars and subways. These modes of public transportation are quick..."，说明公交车、地铁（metro属于地铁范畴）都属于公共交通，和题干"公共交通不包含公交和地铁"的表述矛盾，描述错误。
4. 定位原文第三段"London has the tube. Paris has the metro."，可知名为tube的地铁在伦敦，巴黎的地铁名为metro，题干描述错误。
5. 定位原文第二段"These modes of public transportation are quick, inexpensive and often greener than cars."，其中quick对应速度快，inexpensive对应价格低，greener对应环保，和题干描述完全匹配，描述正确。
【答案】
1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. T
【知识点】
英语阅读细节判断，生词词义猜测，原文信息比对
【点评】
本题属于基础难度的阅读判断题，绝大多数考点都可以直接在原文中找到对应依据，仅第二题涉及简单的词义推导，适合巩固阅读定位能力。做题时要注意不要凭零散印象答题，所有判断都要找到原文的明确支撑，避免主观出错。
【难度系数】
0.8
十二、(2025·南京六合区期中改编)任务型阅读。(11 分)
Sarah is a little girl. She has no sister or brother. Her father is a doctor and her mother is a nurse. They're very busy. Sarah wants to have a pet dog.
One day，Sarah is walking in a park，and a lovely dog runs to her. Sarah plays with it happily. Then，she goes to buy some food. She sees a notice on the window of a shop. It says “Missing Dog” and there is a photo. It's just the dog beside her. Sarah finds the address on it. She thinks，“It's not far，so I can take the dog to its home.” They walk along the street，and turn left at the second crossing. Then，they go straight and turn right at the first crossing. After passing a crossing，Sarah sees the house on the left. She knocks at the door and a girl named Lily answers it. The dog and Lily are excited to see each other again!
But Sarah feels sad. “Don't be sad. Would you like to have one of the puppies?” says Lily. “Yes，please!” Sarah says. She's happy again.
(一)根据短文内容，选择正确的答案。(3 分)
(
A. B. C.
(
A. Because she doesn't like the dog. B. Because the dog is happy at home. C. Because she has no dog.
(
A. gets a pet dog from Lily B. buys a pet dog from the shop C. takes the missing dog to her home
(二)根据短文内容，在下面的地图上画出 Sarah 去 Lily 家的路线，并用“▲”标出 Lily 家的位置。(2 分)
(三)根据短文内容或提示，补全 Sarah 的叙述。(6 分)
Hello, I'm Sarah. There are
Sarah is a little girl. She has no sister or brother. Her father is a doctor and her mother is a nurse. They're very busy. Sarah wants to have a pet dog.
One day，Sarah is walking in a park，and a lovely dog runs to her. Sarah plays with it happily. Then，she goes to buy some food. She sees a notice on the window of a shop. It says “Missing Dog” and there is a photo. It's just the dog beside her. Sarah finds the address on it. She thinks，“It's not far，so I can take the dog to its home.” They walk along the street，and turn left at the second crossing. Then，they go straight and turn right at the first crossing. After passing a crossing，Sarah sees the house on the left. She knocks at the door and a girl named Lily answers it. The dog and Lily are excited to see each other again!
But Sarah feels sad. “Don't be sad. Would you like to have one of the puppies?” says Lily. “Yes，please!” Sarah says. She's happy again.
(一)根据短文内容，选择正确的答案。(3 分)
(
B
)1. According to the story，which is the right notice?A. B. C.
(
C
)2. Why does Sarah feel sad?A. Because she doesn't like the dog. B. Because the dog is happy at home. C. Because she has no dog.
(
A
)3. At last，Sarah is happy because she .A. gets a pet dog from Lily B. buys a pet dog from the shop C. takes the missing dog to her home
(二)根据短文内容，在下面的地图上画出 Sarah 去 Lily 家的路线，并用“▲”标出 Lily 家的位置。(2 分)
(三)根据短文内容或提示，补全 Sarah 的叙述。(6 分)
Hello, I'm Sarah. There are
three/3
people in my family. My parents work in a hospital
. They are very busy
every day. I've wanted to keep a dog
as my pet for long. Today, I meet one and play with it. But it is a missing
dog. So I give it back to its
(it) owner. And I get a puppy at last. I'm really happy.答案：
（一）1. B 解析·根据“It says ‘Missing Dog’ and there is a photo ... Sarah finds the address on it.”可知，寻狗启事上有文字“Missing Dog”、一张狗的照片和主人的地址，B选项符合短文中对于寻狗启事的描述。故选B。
2. C 解析·根据短文最后一段可知，Sarah不开心是因为她想养一只狗，但是她没有。故选C。
3. A 解析·根据“‘Don't be sad. Would you like to have one of the puppies?’ says Lily. ‘Yes, please!’ Sarah says. She's happy again.”可知，Sarah再次开心起来是因为从Lily那里收养了一只狗。故选A。
（二）
（三）three/3, hospital, busy, dog, missing, its
（一）1. B 解析·根据“It says ‘Missing Dog’ and there is a photo ... Sarah finds the address on it.”可知，寻狗启事上有文字“Missing Dog”、一张狗的照片和主人的地址，B选项符合短文中对于寻狗启事的描述。故选B。
2. C 解析·根据短文最后一段可知，Sarah不开心是因为她想养一只狗，但是她没有。故选C。
3. A 解析·根据“‘Don't be sad. Would you like to have one of the puppies?’ says Lily. ‘Yes, please!’ Sarah says. She's happy again.”可知，Sarah再次开心起来是因为从Lily那里收养了一只狗。故选A。
（二）
（三）three/3, hospital, busy, dog, missing, its
解析：
【分析】
这道题是英语语篇综合任务题，解题可以分模块有序推进：
1. 第一部分选择题：带着题干问题回到原文定位对应细节，将选项和原文描述逐一比对，排除不符合的错误选项，选出正确答案；
2. 第二部分路线绘制题：先确定起点位置，严格按照原文给出的行走转向顺序操作，依次完成转向后找到目的地标注即可；
3. 第三部分补全叙述题：通读待补全的文段，对照原文内容逐个推导空缺内容，遇到给出提示的空要注意词形的正确变形，比如主格it要转换为形容词性物主代词修饰后面的名词owner。
【解析】
（一）选择题部分
1. 第1题：定位原文第二段"It says 'Missing Dog' and there is a photo. It's just the dog beside her. Sarah finds the address on it."，可知符合描述的寻狗启事同时包含"Missing Dog"字样、狗狗的照片、主人的地址，对应选项B。
2. 第2题：结合全文开头提到Sarah一直想要一只宠物狗，她把捡到的狗狗送回主人家之后自己就没有狗狗了，因此会感到难过，对应选项C。
3. 第3题：定位原文最后一段Lily询问Sarah要不要一只小狗崽，Sarah答应之后重新开心起来，说明她是从Lily那里得到了一只宠物狗，对应选项A。
（二）路线绘制部分
以Sarah捡到狗狗的位置为起点：① 沿当前街道直行，在第二个路口完成左转；② 继续直行，在遇到的第一个路口右转；③ 继续前行经过1个路口后，在道路左手边的房屋位置标注▲，即为Lily家。
（三）补全叙述部分
1. 第一空：原文提到Sarah没有兄弟姐妹，家里只有爸爸、妈妈和她一共3口人，填three/3；
2. 第二空：原文提到爸爸是医生妈妈是护士，两人都在医院工作，填hospital；
3. 第三空：原文明确提到"They're very busy."，填busy；
4. 第四空：原文提到Sarah一直想要养宠物狗，填dog；
5. 第五空：首字母提示为m，这只狗是走失的，填missing；
6. 第六空：后面有名词owner，需要把提示的it变为形容词性物主代词its，填its。
【答案】
（一）1. B 2. C 3. A
（二）以Sarah捡到狗的位置为起点，沿街道直行在第二个路口左转，直行后在第一个路口右转，经过一个路口后将▲标注在道路左侧的Lily家位置即可
（三）three/3, hospital, busy, dog, missing, its
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，物主代词变形，方位路线表达
【点评】
本题结合选择、路线绘制、语篇填空三类题型，既考察学生对短文细节信息的提取匹配能力，也考察基础词汇的灵活运用，路线题和首字母提示填空需要学生结合文本信息推导，难度不大但需要学生仔细读文，避免漏看关键信息出错。
【难度系数】
0.7
这道题是英语语篇综合任务题，解题可以分模块有序推进：
1. 第一部分选择题：带着题干问题回到原文定位对应细节，将选项和原文描述逐一比对，排除不符合的错误选项，选出正确答案；
2. 第二部分路线绘制题：先确定起点位置，严格按照原文给出的行走转向顺序操作，依次完成转向后找到目的地标注即可；
3. 第三部分补全叙述题：通读待补全的文段，对照原文内容逐个推导空缺内容，遇到给出提示的空要注意词形的正确变形，比如主格it要转换为形容词性物主代词修饰后面的名词owner。
【解析】
（一）选择题部分
1. 第1题：定位原文第二段"It says 'Missing Dog' and there is a photo. It's just the dog beside her. Sarah finds the address on it."，可知符合描述的寻狗启事同时包含"Missing Dog"字样、狗狗的照片、主人的地址，对应选项B。
2. 第2题：结合全文开头提到Sarah一直想要一只宠物狗，她把捡到的狗狗送回主人家之后自己就没有狗狗了，因此会感到难过，对应选项C。
3. 第3题：定位原文最后一段Lily询问Sarah要不要一只小狗崽，Sarah答应之后重新开心起来，说明她是从Lily那里得到了一只宠物狗，对应选项A。
（二）路线绘制部分
以Sarah捡到狗狗的位置为起点：① 沿当前街道直行，在第二个路口完成左转；② 继续直行，在遇到的第一个路口右转；③ 继续前行经过1个路口后，在道路左手边的房屋位置标注▲，即为Lily家。
（三）补全叙述部分
1. 第一空：原文提到Sarah没有兄弟姐妹，家里只有爸爸、妈妈和她一共3口人，填three/3；
2. 第二空：原文提到爸爸是医生妈妈是护士，两人都在医院工作，填hospital；
3. 第三空：原文明确提到"They're very busy."，填busy；
4. 第四空：原文提到Sarah一直想要养宠物狗，填dog；
5. 第五空：首字母提示为m，这只狗是走失的，填missing；
6. 第六空：后面有名词owner，需要把提示的it变为形容词性物主代词its，填its。
【答案】
（一）1. B 2. C 3. A
（二）以Sarah捡到狗的位置为起点，沿街道直行在第二个路口左转，直行后在第一个路口右转，经过一个路口后将▲标注在道路左侧的Lily家位置即可
（三）three/3, hospital, busy, dog, missing, its
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，物主代词变形，方位路线表达
【点评】
本题结合选择、路线绘制、语篇填空三类题型，既考察学生对短文细节信息的提取匹配能力，也考察基础词汇的灵活运用，路线题和首字母提示填空需要学生结合文本信息推导，难度不大但需要学生仔细读文，避免漏看关键信息出错。
【难度系数】
0.7