新知梳理
1. 进行二次根式的混合运算时,整式运算的
2. 二次根式的混合运算的顺序可以类比整式混合运算的顺序:先
1. 进行二次根式的混合运算时,整式运算的
法则
、公式
和运算律
仍然适用.2. 二次根式的混合运算的顺序可以类比整式混合运算的顺序:先
乘方
,后乘除
,再加减
.答案:1. 法则 公式 运算律 2. 乘方 乘除 加减
1. 计算:
(1) $\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{8}×\sqrt{12}$; (2) $(4\sqrt{6}+3\sqrt{8})÷2\sqrt{2}$;
(3) $\sqrt{2}×(\sqrt{12}+3\sqrt{8})$; (4) $(\sqrt{12}-5\sqrt{3})×\sqrt{3}$;
(5) $-\sqrt{3}×(\sqrt{6}+3\sqrt{2})$; (6) $(\sqrt{27}-\sqrt{12})×\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{3}}$.
(1) $\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{8}×\sqrt{12}$; (2) $(4\sqrt{6}+3\sqrt{8})÷2\sqrt{2}$;
(3) $\sqrt{2}×(\sqrt{12}+3\sqrt{8})$; (4) $(\sqrt{12}-5\sqrt{3})×\sqrt{3}$;
(5) $-\sqrt{3}×(\sqrt{6}+3\sqrt{2})$; (6) $(\sqrt{27}-\sqrt{12})×\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{3}}$.
答案:1. (1) $-3\sqrt{6}$ (2) $2\sqrt{3}+3$ (3) $2\sqrt{6}+12$ (4) $-9$ (5) $-3\sqrt{2}-3\sqrt{6}$ (6) $1$
解析:
(1) $\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{8}×\sqrt{12}=\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{8×12}=\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{96}=\sqrt{6}-4\sqrt{6}=-3\sqrt{6}$;
(2) $(4\sqrt{6}+3\sqrt{8})÷2\sqrt{2}=4\sqrt{6}÷2\sqrt{2}+3\sqrt{8}÷2\sqrt{2}=2\sqrt{3}+3$;
(3) $\sqrt{2}×(\sqrt{12}+3\sqrt{8})=\sqrt{2}×\sqrt{12}+\sqrt{2}×3\sqrt{8}=\sqrt{24}+3\sqrt{16}=2\sqrt{6}+12$;
(4) $(\sqrt{12}-5\sqrt{3})×\sqrt{3}=\sqrt{12}×\sqrt{3}-5\sqrt{3}×\sqrt{3}=\sqrt{36}-5×3=6 - 15=-9$;
(5) $-\sqrt{3}×(\sqrt{6}+3\sqrt{2})=-\sqrt{3}×\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{3}×3\sqrt{2}=-\sqrt{18}-3\sqrt{6}=-3\sqrt{2}-3\sqrt{6}$;
(6) $(\sqrt{27}-\sqrt{12})×\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{3}}=\sqrt{27}×\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{3}}-\sqrt{12}×\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{3}}=\sqrt{9}-\sqrt{4}=3 - 2=1$。
(2) $(4\sqrt{6}+3\sqrt{8})÷2\sqrt{2}=4\sqrt{6}÷2\sqrt{2}+3\sqrt{8}÷2\sqrt{2}=2\sqrt{3}+3$;
(3) $\sqrt{2}×(\sqrt{12}+3\sqrt{8})=\sqrt{2}×\sqrt{12}+\sqrt{2}×3\sqrt{8}=\sqrt{24}+3\sqrt{16}=2\sqrt{6}+12$;
(4) $(\sqrt{12}-5\sqrt{3})×\sqrt{3}=\sqrt{12}×\sqrt{3}-5\sqrt{3}×\sqrt{3}=\sqrt{36}-5×3=6 - 15=-9$;
(5) $-\sqrt{3}×(\sqrt{6}+3\sqrt{2})=-\sqrt{3}×\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{3}×3\sqrt{2}=-\sqrt{18}-3\sqrt{6}=-3\sqrt{2}-3\sqrt{6}$;
(6) $(\sqrt{27}-\sqrt{12})×\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{3}}=\sqrt{27}×\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{3}}-\sqrt{12}×\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{3}}=\sqrt{9}-\sqrt{4}=3 - 2=1$。
2. 计算:
(1) $(\sqrt{3}+2)(\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{2})$; (2) $(\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{3})(\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{3})$;
(3) $(7+4\sqrt{3})(7-4\sqrt{3})$; (4) $(\sqrt{5}-1)^{2}$;
(5) $(2\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2})(\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3})$; (6) $(2\sqrt{5}+5\sqrt{3})^{2}$.
(1) $(\sqrt{3}+2)(\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{2})$; (2) $(\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{3})(\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{3})$;
(3) $(7+4\sqrt{3})(7-4\sqrt{3})$; (4) $(\sqrt{5}-1)^{2}$;
(5) $(2\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2})(\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3})$; (6) $(2\sqrt{5}+5\sqrt{3})^{2}$.
答案:2. (1) $\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}$ (2) $3$ (3) $1$ (4) $6-2\sqrt{5}$ (5) $10$ (6) $95+20\sqrt{15}$
解析:
(1) $(\sqrt{3}+2)(\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{2})$
$=\sqrt{3}×\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{3}×\sqrt{2}+2×\sqrt{6}-2×\sqrt{2}$
$=\sqrt{18}-\sqrt{6}+2\sqrt{6}-2\sqrt{2}$
$=3\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{6}+2\sqrt{6}-2\sqrt{2}$
$=(3\sqrt{2}-2\sqrt{2})+(-\sqrt{6}+2\sqrt{6})$
$=\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{6}$
(2) $(\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{3})(\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{3})$
$=(\sqrt{6})^{2}-(\sqrt{3})^{2}$
$=6 - 3$
$=3$
(3) $(7 + 4\sqrt{3})(7 - 4\sqrt{3})$
$=7^{2}-(4\sqrt{3})^{2}$
$=49 - 16×3$
$=49 - 48$
$=1$
(4) $(\sqrt{5}-1)^{2}$
$=(\sqrt{5})^{2}-2×\sqrt{5}×1 + 1^{2}$
$=5 - 2\sqrt{5} + 1$
$=6 - 2\sqrt{5}$
(5) $(2\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2})(\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3})$
$=(2\sqrt{3})^{2}-(\sqrt{2})^{2}$
$=4×3 - 2$
$=12 - 2$
$=10$
(6) $(2\sqrt{5}+5\sqrt{3})^{2}$
$=(2\sqrt{5})^{2}+2×2\sqrt{5}×5\sqrt{3}+(5\sqrt{3})^{2}$
$=4×5 + 20\sqrt{15}+25×3$
$=20 + 20\sqrt{15}+75$
$=95 + 20\sqrt{15}$
$=\sqrt{3}×\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{3}×\sqrt{2}+2×\sqrt{6}-2×\sqrt{2}$
$=\sqrt{18}-\sqrt{6}+2\sqrt{6}-2\sqrt{2}$
$=3\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{6}+2\sqrt{6}-2\sqrt{2}$
$=(3\sqrt{2}-2\sqrt{2})+(-\sqrt{6}+2\sqrt{6})$
$=\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{6}$
(2) $(\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{3})(\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{3})$
$=(\sqrt{6})^{2}-(\sqrt{3})^{2}$
$=6 - 3$
$=3$
(3) $(7 + 4\sqrt{3})(7 - 4\sqrt{3})$
$=7^{2}-(4\sqrt{3})^{2}$
$=49 - 16×3$
$=49 - 48$
$=1$
(4) $(\sqrt{5}-1)^{2}$
$=(\sqrt{5})^{2}-2×\sqrt{5}×1 + 1^{2}$
$=5 - 2\sqrt{5} + 1$
$=6 - 2\sqrt{5}$
(5) $(2\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2})(\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3})$
$=(2\sqrt{3})^{2}-(\sqrt{2})^{2}$
$=4×3 - 2$
$=12 - 2$
$=10$
(6) $(2\sqrt{5}+5\sqrt{3})^{2}$
$=(2\sqrt{5})^{2}+2×2\sqrt{5}×5\sqrt{3}+(5\sqrt{3})^{2}$
$=4×5 + 20\sqrt{15}+25×3$
$=20 + 20\sqrt{15}+75$
$=95 + 20\sqrt{15}$