Ⅳ. 句子翻译
1. 游客们想要在小旅馆过夜。
2. 这个体育公园让这个地区比以前更受欢迎了。
3. 在过去，人们不得不通过步行在城里四处走动。
4. 在过去的 40 年里，农村的生活条件发生了很大的变化。
5. 多亏了政府的支持，许多大学生得以在家乡找到好工作。
1. 游客们想要在小旅馆过夜。
Tourists would like to stay overnight in the guest house.
2. 这个体育公园让这个地区比以前更受欢迎了。
The sports park makes the area more popular than before.
3. 在过去，人们不得不通过步行在城里四处走动。
In the past, people had to get around the town on foot.
4. 在过去的 40 年里，农村的生活条件发生了很大的变化。
Living conditions in the countryside have changed a lot over the last 40 years.
5. 多亏了政府的支持，许多大学生得以在家乡找到好工作。
Thanks to the government's support, many college students could find nice jobs in their hometowns.
答案：Ⅳ. 1. Tourists would like to stay overnight in the guest house. 2. The sports park makes the area more popular than before. 3. In the past, people had to get around the town on foot. 4. Living conditions in the countryside have changed a lot over the last 40 years. 5. Thanks to the government's support, many college students could find nice jobs in their hometowns.
解析：
【分析】
1. 第一题：先确定主语“游客们”对应英文“Tourists”；“想要做某事”选用常用固定表达“would like to do sth.”；“过夜”译为“stay overnight”；“在小旅馆”作为地点状语译为“in the guest house”，最后按照英语语序组合成完整句子。
2. 第二题：主语“这个体育公园”译为“The sports park”；“让……更……”使用“make sb./sth. + 形容词比较级”的使役结构，“更受欢迎”是“more popular”，“比以前”译为“than before”，结合结构组织语言即可。
3. 第三题：“在过去”是时间状语“In the past”，提示句子用一般过去时；“不得不”要用“have to”的过去式“had to”；“在城里四处走动”译为“get around the town”；“通过步行”用固定短语“on foot”，按英语语序整合句子。
4. 第四题：“在过去的40年里”译为“over the last 40 years”，该时间状语提示句子用现在完成时；“农村的生活条件”译为“Living conditions in the countryside”；“发生了很大的变化”用现在完成时结构“have changed a lot”（主语为复数，助动词用have）。
5. 第五题：“多亏了”用固定短语“Thanks to”；“政府的支持”用名词所有格形式“the government's support”；“许多大学生”译为“many college students”；“得以找到好工作”译为“could find nice jobs”；“在家乡”译为“in their hometowns”，组合成完整句子。
【解析】
1. 主语Tourists开头，运用“would like to do sth.”固定结构，后接“stay overnight”，最后添加地点状语“in the guest house”，得到句子：Tourists would like to stay overnight in the guest house.
2. 主语The sports park作主语，make为使役动词，后接宾语the area，形容词比较级more popular作宾语补足语，than before补充比较对象，句子为：The sports park makes the area more popular than before.
3. 时间状语In the past置于句首，主语people后接一般过去式的“had to”，再接“get around the town”表示“四处走动”，最后用“on foot”说明出行方式，句子：In the past, people had to get around the town on foot.
4. 时间状语over the last 40 years提示使用现在完成时，主语Living conditions in the countryside为复数，故用“have changed”，a lot修饰动词change，句子：Living conditions in the countryside have changed a lot over the last 40 years.
5. 用Thanks to引出原因状语the government's support，后半句主语many college students，could find表示“得以找到”，nice jobs作宾语，in their hometowns作地点状语，句子：Thanks to the government's support, many college students could find nice jobs in their hometowns.
【答案】
Ⅳ. 1. Tourists would like to stay overnight in the guest house.
2. The sports park makes the area more popular than before.
3. In the past, people had to get around the town on foot.
4. Living conditions in the countryside have changed a lot over the last 40 years.
5. Thanks to the government's support, many college students could find nice jobs in their hometowns.
【知识点】
1. 固定短语运用
2. 时态（一般过去时、现在完成时）
3. 形容词比较级
【点评】
这五道翻译题围绕日常场景展开，考查初中英语核心的固定短语、时态规则以及使役动词+比较级的结构，需要学生准确把握中英文语序差异，识别时态标志词，是对基础英语知识综合运用能力的检测。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. 第一题：先确定主语“游客们”对应英文“Tourists”；“想要做某事”选用常用固定表达“would like to do sth.”；“过夜”译为“stay overnight”；“在小旅馆”作为地点状语译为“in the guest house”，最后按照英语语序组合成完整句子。
2. 第二题：主语“这个体育公园”译为“The sports park”；“让……更……”使用“make sb./sth. + 形容词比较级”的使役结构，“更受欢迎”是“more popular”，“比以前”译为“than before”，结合结构组织语言即可。
3. 第三题：“在过去”是时间状语“In the past”，提示句子用一般过去时；“不得不”要用“have to”的过去式“had to”；“在城里四处走动”译为“get around the town”；“通过步行”用固定短语“on foot”，按英语语序整合句子。
4. 第四题：“在过去的40年里”译为“over the last 40 years”，该时间状语提示句子用现在完成时；“农村的生活条件”译为“Living conditions in the countryside”；“发生了很大的变化”用现在完成时结构“have changed a lot”（主语为复数，助动词用have）。
5. 第五题：“多亏了”用固定短语“Thanks to”；“政府的支持”用名词所有格形式“the government's support”；“许多大学生”译为“many college students”；“得以找到好工作”译为“could find nice jobs”；“在家乡”译为“in their hometowns”，组合成完整句子。
【解析】
1. 主语Tourists开头，运用“would like to do sth.”固定结构，后接“stay overnight”，最后添加地点状语“in the guest house”，得到句子：Tourists would like to stay overnight in the guest house.
2. 主语The sports park作主语，make为使役动词，后接宾语the area，形容词比较级more popular作宾语补足语，than before补充比较对象，句子为：The sports park makes the area more popular than before.
3. 时间状语In the past置于句首，主语people后接一般过去式的“had to”，再接“get around the town”表示“四处走动”，最后用“on foot”说明出行方式，句子：In the past, people had to get around the town on foot.
4. 时间状语over the last 40 years提示使用现在完成时，主语Living conditions in the countryside为复数，故用“have changed”，a lot修饰动词change，句子：Living conditions in the countryside have changed a lot over the last 40 years.
5. 用Thanks to引出原因状语the government's support，后半句主语many college students，could find表示“得以找到”，nice jobs作宾语，in their hometowns作地点状语，句子：Thanks to the government's support, many college students could find nice jobs in their hometowns.
【答案】
Ⅳ. 1. Tourists would like to stay overnight in the guest house.
2. The sports park makes the area more popular than before.
3. In the past, people had to get around the town on foot.
4. Living conditions in the countryside have changed a lot over the last 40 years.
5. Thanks to the government's support, many college students could find nice jobs in their hometowns.
【知识点】
1. 固定短语运用
2. 时态（一般过去时、现在完成时）
3. 形容词比较级
【点评】
这五道翻译题围绕日常场景展开，考查初中英语核心的固定短语、时态规则以及使役动词+比较级的结构，需要学生准确把握中英文语序差异，识别时态标志词，是对基础英语知识综合运用能力的检测。
【难度系数】
0.6
Ⅴ. 阅读理解
(2025·北京一模改编)Flying has completely changed the way we travel around the world. It's usually the fastest and most convenient way to go on long trips. But here's a problem：it's one of the activities that produce the most carbon for an ordinary person. Years ago，a small group of famous people in Sweden，driven by environmental worries，started the "flight shame" movement. They wanted to encourage people to give up flying. But for those who need to travel or love travelling，what other green ways are there?
For medium to long trips，trains seem to be the best choice. According to a report，taking a train instead of a domestic(国内的)flight can cut down carbon emissions(碳排放)by 86%. However，there are some problems. Trains can be more expensive than cheap flights，especially during busy travel seasons. Also，it may take many more hours to get to your place，and most people don't want to spend a lot of their travel time just on the way. That's why sleeper trains are a great idea. The networks of sleeper trains in Europe are getting bigger，with new railways being added regularly. This means passengers can sleep during the trip and wake up in a new city or country!
For short trips，many people are willing to ride bikes instead of driving cars. But few would think of cycling to another country. Matilda Welin is one of the few. It took her 17 days to ride a bike from London to Sweden. Sadly，she found that her trip neither benefited the planet nor saved her money. But it did change how she saw things. She said，"When I was travelling，I really felt the distance of the journey that I usually take so easily by plane." She described how the world around her changed slowly，like the languages，the buildings，and the view—things she couldn't enjoy on a flight.
Unfortunately for the planet，air travel remains a popular choice. About 100，000 planes take off around the world every day. But if we spend more money on building better train systems and make train tickets cheaper，more people might choose trains over planes，which could greatly reduce carbon emissions.
1. 新考法 写作手法 How does the writer introduce the greener choices compared with flying in Paragraph 1?
A. By giving facts.
B. By asking a question.
C. By listing numbers.
D. By giving an example.
2. What challenges do trains face compared to flights?
A. Trains are always faster but more expensive than flights.
B. Trains are often cheaper but take much longer time than flights.
C. Trains are more expensive than cheap flights and take more hours.
D. Trains are used for short-distance trips and less effective than flights.
3. What do you know about Matilda Welin's cycling trip from the passage?
A. The trip took her little time and wasted some money.
B. The trip has brought a lot of advantages to the planet.
C. She enjoyed experiencing slow changes during the trip.
D. She realized that the distance of this trip was quite short.
4. 语言能力 归纳能力 What is the passage mainly about?
A. The greenest active way to travel.
B. Choose green travel instead of flying.
C. Serious problems of travelling by bike.
D. Push forward the building of train systems.
(2025·北京一模改编)Flying has completely changed the way we travel around the world. It's usually the fastest and most convenient way to go on long trips. But here's a problem：it's one of the activities that produce the most carbon for an ordinary person. Years ago，a small group of famous people in Sweden，driven by environmental worries，started the "flight shame" movement. They wanted to encourage people to give up flying. But for those who need to travel or love travelling，what other green ways are there?
For medium to long trips，trains seem to be the best choice. According to a report，taking a train instead of a domestic(国内的)flight can cut down carbon emissions(碳排放)by 86%. However，there are some problems. Trains can be more expensive than cheap flights，especially during busy travel seasons. Also，it may take many more hours to get to your place，and most people don't want to spend a lot of their travel time just on the way. That's why sleeper trains are a great idea. The networks of sleeper trains in Europe are getting bigger，with new railways being added regularly. This means passengers can sleep during the trip and wake up in a new city or country!
For short trips，many people are willing to ride bikes instead of driving cars. But few would think of cycling to another country. Matilda Welin is one of the few. It took her 17 days to ride a bike from London to Sweden. Sadly，she found that her trip neither benefited the planet nor saved her money. But it did change how she saw things. She said，"When I was travelling，I really felt the distance of the journey that I usually take so easily by plane." She described how the world around her changed slowly，like the languages，the buildings，and the view—things she couldn't enjoy on a flight.
Unfortunately for the planet，air travel remains a popular choice. About 100，000 planes take off around the world every day. But if we spend more money on building better train systems and make train tickets cheaper，more people might choose trains over planes，which could greatly reduce carbon emissions.
1. 新考法 写作手法 How does the writer introduce the greener choices compared with flying in Paragraph 1?
A. By giving facts.
B. By asking a question.
C. By listing numbers.
D. By giving an example.
2. What challenges do trains face compared to flights?
A. Trains are always faster but more expensive than flights.
B. Trains are often cheaper but take much longer time than flights.
C. Trains are more expensive than cheap flights and take more hours.
D. Trains are used for short-distance trips and less effective than flights.
3. What do you know about Matilda Welin's cycling trip from the passage?
A. The trip took her little time and wasted some money.
B. The trip has brought a lot of advantages to the planet.
C. She enjoyed experiencing slow changes during the trip.
D. She realized that the distance of this trip was quite short.
4. 语言能力 归纳能力 What is the passage mainly about?
A. The greenest active way to travel.
B. Choose green travel instead of flying.
C. Serious problems of travelling by bike.
D. Push forward the building of train systems.
答案：Ⅴ. 1 - 4 BCCB
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了航空旅行对环境的影响以及替代的绿色出行方式，如火车和自行车，以减少碳排放。
1. B 解析：写作手法题。第一段结尾明确提出问句“But for those who need to travel or love travelling, what other green ways are there?”，该问句直接衔接下文对“火车”“自行车”等绿色出行方式的介绍，是引出话题的核心方式，故选 B。
易错提醒 第一段提到的“瑞典‘飞行羞耻’运动”是“鼓励弃飞”的案例，并非“绿色出行方式”的例子，且该案例未引出下文的环保选择，排除 D。
2. C 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Trains can be more expensive than cheap flights, especially during busy travel seasons. Also, it may take many more hours to get to your place...”可知，火车比廉价航班更贵且耗时更长。故选 C。
3. C 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段“She described how the world around her changed slowly, like the languages, the buildings, and the view—things she couldn't enjoy on a flight.”可知，Matilda Welin 在骑行中享受了缓慢变化的环境。故选 C。
4. B 解析：主旨大意题。全文围绕航空旅行的高碳排放问题，提出火车和自行车等绿色出行方式的替代方案，倡导选择环保旅行方式。故选 B。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了航空旅行对环境的影响以及替代的绿色出行方式，如火车和自行车，以减少碳排放。
1. B 解析：写作手法题。第一段结尾明确提出问句“But for those who need to travel or love travelling, what other green ways are there?”，该问句直接衔接下文对“火车”“自行车”等绿色出行方式的介绍，是引出话题的核心方式，故选 B。
易错提醒 第一段提到的“瑞典‘飞行羞耻’运动”是“鼓励弃飞”的案例，并非“绿色出行方式”的例子，且该案例未引出下文的环保选择，排除 D。
2. C 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Trains can be more expensive than cheap flights, especially during busy travel seasons. Also, it may take many more hours to get to your place...”可知，火车比廉价航班更贵且耗时更长。故选 C。
3. C 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段“She described how the world around her changed slowly, like the languages, the buildings, and the view—things she couldn't enjoy on a flight.”可知，Matilda Welin 在骑行中享受了缓慢变化的环境。故选 C。
4. B 解析：主旨大意题。全文围绕航空旅行的高碳排放问题，提出火车和自行车等绿色出行方式的替代方案，倡导选择环保旅行方式。故选 B。
解析：
【分析】
1. 第1题：解题时需聚焦第一段的写作逻辑，先明确各选项对应的写作手法特点，再找到段落中引出绿色出行方式的关键语句。第一段结尾以问句“But for those who need to travel or love travelling, what other green ways are there?”衔接下文，直接引出后续绿色出行方式的介绍，由此判断写作手法为设问。同时注意区分干扰项，文中提到的“飞行羞耻”运动并非引出绿色出行的例子，可排除D选项。
2. 第2题：这是细节理解题，解题关键是定位到第二段中火车与航班对比的内容，提取关于火车劣势的描述：“Trains can be more expensive than cheap flights, especially during busy travel seasons. Also, it may take many more hours to get to your place...”，将这些信息与选项逐一匹配，排除不符合的选项。
3. 第3题：同样是细节理解题，需定位到第三段Matilda Welin的骑行相关内容，找到她对旅行感受的描述“She described how the world around her changed slowly, like the languages, the buildings, and the view—things she couldn't enjoy on a flight.”，同时结合文中“her trip neither benefited the planet nor saved her money”“took her 17 days”等信息排除错误选项。
4. 第4题：主旨大意题，解题时需梳理全文脉络：开篇提出飞行碳排放高的问题，接着介绍火车、自行车两种绿色出行方式，最后倡导通过完善铁路系统让更多人选择绿色出行。由此归纳出文章核心是倡导选择绿色旅行替代飞行。
【解析】
1. 第1题：写作手法题。第一段结尾以问句“But for those who need to travel or love travelling, what other green ways are there?”直接引出下文对火车、自行车等绿色出行方式的介绍，这种设问方式是引出话题的核心手法，故选B。
易错提醒：第一段提到的瑞典“飞行羞耻”运动是鼓励人们放弃飞行的案例，并非介绍绿色出行方式的例子，且未引出下文的环保选择，故排除D。
2. 第2题：细节理解题。根据第二段“Trains can be more expensive than cheap flights, especially during busy travel seasons. Also, it may take many more hours to get to your place...”可知，火车相比廉价航班存在更贵、耗时更长的问题，故选C。
3. 第3题：细节理解题。根据第三段“She described how the world around her changed slowly, like the languages, the buildings, and the view—things she couldn't enjoy on a flight.”可知，Matilda Welin在骑行途中享受了周遭环境缓慢变化的过程，故选C。
4. 第4题：主旨大意题。全文围绕航空旅行高碳排放的问题，介绍了火车、自行车等绿色出行替代方式，倡导人们选择绿色旅行而非飞行，故选B。
【答案】
1-4 BCCB
【知识点】
写作手法判断、细节理解、主旨大意归纳
【点评】
本文结合环保热点话题，围绕绿色出行展开论述，题型涵盖写作手法判断、细节理解、主旨大意归纳，全面考查学生的阅读理解能力。解题时需精准定位文本信息，理清文章逻辑脉络，同时能从文中提取关键内容进行分析归纳，有助于培养学生的环保意识与信息处理能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. 第1题：解题时需聚焦第一段的写作逻辑，先明确各选项对应的写作手法特点，再找到段落中引出绿色出行方式的关键语句。第一段结尾以问句“But for those who need to travel or love travelling, what other green ways are there?”衔接下文，直接引出后续绿色出行方式的介绍，由此判断写作手法为设问。同时注意区分干扰项，文中提到的“飞行羞耻”运动并非引出绿色出行的例子，可排除D选项。
2. 第2题：这是细节理解题，解题关键是定位到第二段中火车与航班对比的内容，提取关于火车劣势的描述：“Trains can be more expensive than cheap flights, especially during busy travel seasons. Also, it may take many more hours to get to your place...”，将这些信息与选项逐一匹配，排除不符合的选项。
3. 第3题：同样是细节理解题，需定位到第三段Matilda Welin的骑行相关内容，找到她对旅行感受的描述“She described how the world around her changed slowly, like the languages, the buildings, and the view—things she couldn't enjoy on a flight.”，同时结合文中“her trip neither benefited the planet nor saved her money”“took her 17 days”等信息排除错误选项。
4. 第4题：主旨大意题，解题时需梳理全文脉络：开篇提出飞行碳排放高的问题，接着介绍火车、自行车两种绿色出行方式，最后倡导通过完善铁路系统让更多人选择绿色出行。由此归纳出文章核心是倡导选择绿色旅行替代飞行。
【解析】
1. 第1题：写作手法题。第一段结尾以问句“But for those who need to travel or love travelling, what other green ways are there?”直接引出下文对火车、自行车等绿色出行方式的介绍，这种设问方式是引出话题的核心手法，故选B。
易错提醒：第一段提到的瑞典“飞行羞耻”运动是鼓励人们放弃飞行的案例，并非介绍绿色出行方式的例子，且未引出下文的环保选择，故排除D。
2. 第2题：细节理解题。根据第二段“Trains can be more expensive than cheap flights, especially during busy travel seasons. Also, it may take many more hours to get to your place...”可知，火车相比廉价航班存在更贵、耗时更长的问题，故选C。
3. 第3题：细节理解题。根据第三段“She described how the world around her changed slowly, like the languages, the buildings, and the view—things she couldn't enjoy on a flight.”可知，Matilda Welin在骑行途中享受了周遭环境缓慢变化的过程，故选C。
4. 第4题：主旨大意题。全文围绕航空旅行高碳排放的问题，介绍了火车、自行车等绿色出行替代方式，倡导人们选择绿色旅行而非飞行，故选B。
【答案】
1-4 BCCB
【知识点】
写作手法判断、细节理解、主旨大意归纳
【点评】
本文结合环保热点话题，围绕绿色出行展开论述，题型涵盖写作手法判断、细节理解、主旨大意归纳，全面考查学生的阅读理解能力。解题时需精准定位文本信息，理清文章逻辑脉络，同时能从文中提取关键内容进行分析归纳，有助于培养学生的环保意识与信息处理能力。
【难度系数】
0.6