Ⅶ. 首字母填空
根据短文内容及首字母提示,在空格处填入一个适当的词使短文完整。
When I first set foot on Mexican soil, I spoke Spanish well. So when I asked a local taco seller for a taco, and he said "ahorita", which is directly 1. t
I sat near his shop and waited. Half an hour passed and 3. s
I was torn(犹豫的). Waiting longer wasn't pleasant, but I felt it was 4. i
This experience faded (褪去) from my memory 6. u
"Ahorita Time" is a reflection of different cultural understandings of time. Since I moved to Mexico, my attitude towards time has changed dramatically. "Ahorita Time" has actually allowed me to live far more in the "right now" than I ever did before.
根据短文内容及首字母提示,在空格处填入一个适当的词使短文完整。
When I first set foot on Mexican soil, I spoke Spanish well. So when I asked a local taco seller for a taco, and he said "ahorita", which is directly 1. t
ranslated
into "right now", I took him at his word, believing that 2. its
arrival was immediate.I sat near his shop and waited. Half an hour passed and 3. s
till
no taco arrived, so I asked again about it. "Ahorita," he told me again. His face was a mix of confusion and maybe even embarrassment.I was torn(犹豫的). Waiting longer wasn't pleasant, but I felt it was 4. i
mpolite
to just walk away, especially if the taco was now being delivered just for me. But finally, after 5. waiting
too long, I made a rush for the nearest bus to take me home. As I left, I signalled at my wrist and shrugged(耸肩) to the taco seller. Obviously I couldn't wait any longer and it really wasn't my fault. His face was, once again, one of total confusion.This experience faded (褪去) from my memory 6. u
ntil
years later when I came back to live in Mexico. I discovered that understanding "ahorita" took not fluency(流利) in the language, but rather fluency in the 7. culture
. When someone from Mexico says "ahorita", it should almost 8. never
be taken literally; its meaning 9. changes
greatly with context. As a linguist(语言学家) told me, "Ahorita could mean tomorrow, in an hour, within five years or never." It is even used as a polite way of saying "no, thanks" when 10. refusing
an offer."Ahorita Time" is a reflection of different cultural understandings of time. Since I moved to Mexico, my attitude towards time has changed dramatically. "Ahorita Time" has actually allowed me to live far more in the "right now" than I ever did before.
答案：Ⅶ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在墨西哥买墨西哥卷饼时，老板告诉他“ahorita”，作者等了很久都等不到墨西哥卷饼之后离开的一次经历，多年后，作者再次回到墨西哥生活时，才真正理解“ahorita”的含义。
1. translated 解析：根据后文“into ‘right now’”可知，此处指“被直接翻译成‘立刻’”，结合首字母 t，translate 符合语境；ahorita 与 translate 是被动关系，需用过去分词 translated，故填 translated。
2. its 解析：根据前文“believing that”及后文“arrival was immediate”可知，此处指“墨西哥卷饼的到来”，结合首字母 i，its 修饰 arrival，故填 its。
3. still 解析：根据前文“Half an hour passed”及后文“no taco arrived”可知，此处指“仍然没有到”，结合首字母 s，still 符合语境，故填 still。
4. impolite 解析：根据前文“Waiting longer wasn't pleasant，but”可知，此处指“直接走开是不礼貌的”，结合首字母 i，impolite 符合语境，故填 impolite。
5. waiting 解析：根据前文“after”及后文“too long”可知，此处指“等了太久之后”，结合首字母 w，wait 符合语境；after 是介词，后接动词 - ing 形式，故填 waiting。
6. until 解析：根据前文“This experience faded from my memory”及后文“years later when I came back to live in Mexico”可知，此处指“直到多年后才记起来”，结合首字母 u，until 符合语境，故填 until。
7. culture 解析：根据前文“understanding ‘ahorita’ took not fluency in the language，but rather fluency in the”及后文文化差异的内容可知，此处指“文化”，结合首字母 c，culture 符合语境，故填 culture。
8. never 解析：根据后文“its meaning... greatly with context”可知，ahorita 几乎“从不”能按字面意思理解，结合首字母 n，never 符合语境，故填 never。
9. changes 解析：根据前文“its meaning”及后文“greatly with context”可知，此处指“意思随语境变化”，结合首字母 c，change 符合语境；句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语 its meaning 是单数，故填 changes。
10. refusing 解析：根据前文“used as a polite way of saying ‘no，thanks’”及后文“an offer”可知，此处指“拒绝一个提议”，结合首字母 r，refuse 符合语境；when 后接动词 - ing 形式，故填 refusing。
1. translated 解析：根据后文“into ‘right now’”可知，此处指“被直接翻译成‘立刻’”，结合首字母 t，translate 符合语境；ahorita 与 translate 是被动关系，需用过去分词 translated，故填 translated。
2. its 解析：根据前文“believing that”及后文“arrival was immediate”可知，此处指“墨西哥卷饼的到来”，结合首字母 i，its 修饰 arrival，故填 its。
3. still 解析：根据前文“Half an hour passed”及后文“no taco arrived”可知，此处指“仍然没有到”，结合首字母 s，still 符合语境，故填 still。
4. impolite 解析：根据前文“Waiting longer wasn't pleasant，but”可知，此处指“直接走开是不礼貌的”，结合首字母 i，impolite 符合语境，故填 impolite。
5. waiting 解析：根据前文“after”及后文“too long”可知，此处指“等了太久之后”，结合首字母 w，wait 符合语境；after 是介词，后接动词 - ing 形式，故填 waiting。
6. until 解析：根据前文“This experience faded from my memory”及后文“years later when I came back to live in Mexico”可知，此处指“直到多年后才记起来”，结合首字母 u，until 符合语境，故填 until。
7. culture 解析：根据前文“understanding ‘ahorita’ took not fluency in the language，but rather fluency in the”及后文文化差异的内容可知，此处指“文化”，结合首字母 c，culture 符合语境，故填 culture。
8. never 解析：根据后文“its meaning... greatly with context”可知，ahorita 几乎“从不”能按字面意思理解，结合首字母 n，never 符合语境，故填 never。
9. changes 解析：根据前文“its meaning”及后文“greatly with context”可知，此处指“意思随语境变化”，结合首字母 c，change 符合语境；句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语 its meaning 是单数，故填 changes。
10. refusing 解析：根据前文“used as a polite way of saying ‘no，thanks’”及后文“an offer”可知，此处指“拒绝一个提议”，结合首字母 r，refuse 符合语境；when 后接动词 - ing 形式，故填 refusing。
解析：
【分析】
首先通读全文，了解文章讲述的是作者在墨西哥因对当地词汇“ahorita”理解偏差产生的经历，以及后续对该词汇文化内涵的理解。解题时需结合上下文语境、语法规则和固定搭配逐个分析空格：
1. 第一空：根据后文“into ‘right now’”可知是词汇翻译，且单词与翻译是被动关系，结合首字母t，确定用translate的过去分词形式。
2. 第二空：指代前文taco的到来，需要形容词性物主代词，结合首字母i，确定用its。
3. 第三空：前文提到等了半小时，后文说没等到，结合首字母s，用still表示“仍然”符合语境。
4. 第四空：前文说等下去不舒服，but表转折，说明直接走开不礼貌，结合首字母i，确定用impolite。
5. 第五空：after是介词，后接动词-ing形式，结合首字母w和“等太久”的语境，确定用waiting。
6. 第六空：前文说经历从记忆中褪去，后文说多年后回来才想起，结合首字母u，用until衔接逻辑。
7. 第七空：前文说理解该词不是靠语言流利，而是对当地事物的熟悉，结合后文文化差异内容，首字母c，确定用culture。
8. 第八空：后文说词义随语境变化，说明几乎不能按字面理解，结合首字母n，用never。
9. 第九空：描述词义随语境变化的客观事实，主语是单数，结合首字母c，用change的第三人称单数形式changes。
10. 第十空：前文说用来礼貌拒绝提议，when后接动词-ing形式，结合首字母r，用refusing。
【解析】
1. translated：根据后文“into ‘right now’”可知，此处指“ahorita被直接翻译成‘立刻’”，translate符合语境；ahorita与translate是被动关系，需用过去分词形式，故填translated。
2. its：此处指代前文提到的taco的到来，需要形容词性物主代词修饰名词arrival，结合首字母i，故填its。
3. still：前文提到“Half an hour passed”，后文说“no taco arrived”，用still表示“仍然”，符合语境，故填still。
4. impolite：根据前文“Waiting longer wasn't pleasant, but”的转折关系，可知直接走开是不礼貌的，impolite符合语境，故填impolite。
5. waiting：after是介词，后接动词的-ing形式，结合“等了太久”的语境，wait的-ing形式waiting符合要求，故填waiting。
6. until：根据前文“This experience faded from my memory”和后文“years later when I came back to live in Mexico”的逻辑，此处表示“直到多年后我回到墨西哥生活，这段经历才重新被想起”，until符合语境，故填until。
7. culture：根据后文关于文化差异对时间理解的内容，可知理解“ahorita”需要熟悉当地文化，culture符合语境，故填culture。
8. never：根据后文“its meaning...greatly with context”可知，“ahorita”几乎不能按字面意思理解，never符合语境，故填never。
9. changes：句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语its meaning是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，结合“词义随语境变化”的语境，change的第三人称单数changes符合要求，故填changes。
10. refusing：when后接动词的-ing形式作状语，结合前文“polite way of saying ‘no, thanks’”可知是拒绝提议，refuse的-ing形式refusing符合要求，故填refusing。
【答案】
1. translated
2. its
3. still
4. impolite
5. waiting
6. until
7. culture
8. never
9. changes
10. refusing
【知识点】
动词形式变化、代词用法、语境词义辨析
【点评】
本文结合跨文化交际背景考查词汇运用，既需要掌握被动语态、介词后动词形式、主谓一致等基础语法规则，还需结合上下文语境及文化内涵理解词汇的灵活含义，对学生的综合语言运用能力要求较高。
【难度系数】
0.4
首先通读全文，了解文章讲述的是作者在墨西哥因对当地词汇“ahorita”理解偏差产生的经历，以及后续对该词汇文化内涵的理解。解题时需结合上下文语境、语法规则和固定搭配逐个分析空格：
1. 第一空：根据后文“into ‘right now’”可知是词汇翻译，且单词与翻译是被动关系，结合首字母t，确定用translate的过去分词形式。
2. 第二空：指代前文taco的到来，需要形容词性物主代词，结合首字母i，确定用its。
3. 第三空：前文提到等了半小时，后文说没等到，结合首字母s，用still表示“仍然”符合语境。
4. 第四空：前文说等下去不舒服，but表转折，说明直接走开不礼貌，结合首字母i，确定用impolite。
5. 第五空：after是介词，后接动词-ing形式，结合首字母w和“等太久”的语境，确定用waiting。
6. 第六空：前文说经历从记忆中褪去，后文说多年后回来才想起，结合首字母u，用until衔接逻辑。
7. 第七空：前文说理解该词不是靠语言流利，而是对当地事物的熟悉，结合后文文化差异内容，首字母c，确定用culture。
8. 第八空：后文说词义随语境变化，说明几乎不能按字面理解，结合首字母n，用never。
9. 第九空：描述词义随语境变化的客观事实，主语是单数，结合首字母c，用change的第三人称单数形式changes。
10. 第十空：前文说用来礼貌拒绝提议，when后接动词-ing形式，结合首字母r，用refusing。
【解析】
1. translated：根据后文“into ‘right now’”可知，此处指“ahorita被直接翻译成‘立刻’”，translate符合语境；ahorita与translate是被动关系，需用过去分词形式，故填translated。
2. its：此处指代前文提到的taco的到来，需要形容词性物主代词修饰名词arrival，结合首字母i，故填its。
3. still：前文提到“Half an hour passed”，后文说“no taco arrived”，用still表示“仍然”，符合语境，故填still。
4. impolite：根据前文“Waiting longer wasn't pleasant, but”的转折关系，可知直接走开是不礼貌的，impolite符合语境，故填impolite。
5. waiting：after是介词，后接动词的-ing形式，结合“等了太久”的语境，wait的-ing形式waiting符合要求，故填waiting。
6. until：根据前文“This experience faded from my memory”和后文“years later when I came back to live in Mexico”的逻辑，此处表示“直到多年后我回到墨西哥生活，这段经历才重新被想起”，until符合语境，故填until。
7. culture：根据后文关于文化差异对时间理解的内容，可知理解“ahorita”需要熟悉当地文化，culture符合语境，故填culture。
8. never：根据后文“its meaning...greatly with context”可知，“ahorita”几乎不能按字面意思理解，never符合语境，故填never。
9. changes：句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语its meaning是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，结合“词义随语境变化”的语境，change的第三人称单数changes符合要求，故填changes。
10. refusing：when后接动词的-ing形式作状语，结合前文“polite way of saying ‘no, thanks’”可知是拒绝提议，refuse的-ing形式refusing符合要求，故填refusing。
【答案】
1. translated
2. its
3. still
4. impolite
5. waiting
6. until
7. culture
8. never
9. changes
10. refusing
【知识点】
动词形式变化、代词用法、语境词义辨析
【点评】
本文结合跨文化交际背景考查词汇运用，既需要掌握被动语态、介词后动词形式、主谓一致等基础语法规则，还需结合上下文语境及文化内涵理解词汇的灵活含义，对学生的综合语言运用能力要求较高。
【难度系数】
0.4
Ⅷ. 书面表达
假定你是李华,你的英国笔友 Chris 对中国文化很感兴趣,他给你发来邮件,询问中国人日常生活中的基本社交礼仪,如待人接物、餐桌礼仪等。请你用英语回复一封 100 词左右的邮件,介绍你所知道的相关礼仪。
提示问题: 1. What do we do when we meet people for the first time? 2. How do we behave properly at table?
Dear Chris,
I'm glad to know that you're interested in Chinese social manners.
Yours,
Li Hua
假定你是李华,你的英国笔友 Chris 对中国文化很感兴趣,他给你发来邮件,询问中国人日常生活中的基本社交礼仪,如待人接物、餐桌礼仪等。请你用英语回复一封 100 词左右的邮件,介绍你所知道的相关礼仪。
提示问题: 1. What do we do when we meet people for the first time? 2. How do we behave properly at table?
Dear Chris,
I'm glad to know that you're interested in Chinese social manners.
China is a country with a long history，so there are many customs here. Let me tell you some of them.
Firstly，you are supposed to shake hands when you meet someone for the first time.
Secondly，you should bring a gift when you are invited to a party and be sure to arrive on time or a few minutes earlier.
Thirdly，when you have meals with others，it's rude to point at others with your chopsticks.
And don't make noise when you have your soup.
I hope the above is helpful. Please feel free to ask for more information.
Yours,
Li Hua
答案：Ⅷ. One possible version:
Dear Chris,
I'm glad to know that you're interested in Chinese social manners. China is a country with a long history，so there are many customs here. Let me tell you some of them.
Firstly，you are supposed to shake hands when you meet someone for the first time. Secondly，you should bring a gift when you are invited to a party and be sure to arrive on time or a few minutes earlier. Thirdly，when you have meals with others，it's rude to point at others with your chopsticks. And don't make noise when you have your soup.
I hope the above is helpful. Please feel free to ask for more information.
Yours,
Li Hua
思路梳理 总体分析：①题材：本文是一篇应用文；②时态：时态为“一般现在时”；③要求：根据提示问题，给 Chris 写一封邮件介绍中国人日常生活中的基本社交礼仪，注意要点齐全，可适当发挥。写作时要以第二人称来介绍。
写作步骤：作文可分为三段，第一段引出话题；第二段从待人接物、餐桌礼仪方面给出建议；第三段收尾。要保证语言连贯，无拼写和语法错误。
Dear Chris,
I'm glad to know that you're interested in Chinese social manners. China is a country with a long history，so there are many customs here. Let me tell you some of them.
Firstly，you are supposed to shake hands when you meet someone for the first time. Secondly，you should bring a gift when you are invited to a party and be sure to arrive on time or a few minutes earlier. Thirdly，when you have meals with others，it's rude to point at others with your chopsticks. And don't make noise when you have your soup.
I hope the above is helpful. Please feel free to ask for more information.
Yours,
Li Hua
思路梳理 总体分析：①题材：本文是一篇应用文；②时态：时态为“一般现在时”；③要求：根据提示问题，给 Chris 写一封邮件介绍中国人日常生活中的基本社交礼仪，注意要点齐全，可适当发挥。写作时要以第二人称来介绍。
写作步骤：作文可分为三段，第一段引出话题；第二段从待人接物、餐桌礼仪方面给出建议；第三段收尾。要保证语言连贯，无拼写和语法错误。
解析：
【分析】
首先，明确这是一篇应用文（邮件）写作，需向英国笔友介绍中国日常社交礼仪，要覆盖初次见面、待人接物、餐桌礼仪的核心要点。
解题思路：第一步，确定时态为一般现在时，人称以第二人称为主，契合邮件介绍的交际语境；第二步，搭建清晰的文章结构：开头回应对方兴趣，引出礼仪话题；中间分点阐述具体礼仪，用连接词让逻辑更顺畅，确保覆盖提示问题的所有内容；结尾礼貌收尾，表达愿意提供更多信息的意愿，这样能保证内容完整、条理清晰，满足题目要求。
【解析】
1. 开头段：承接给定的邮件开头，用“China is a country with a long history，so there are many customs here. Let me tell you some of them.”自然引出要介绍的礼仪话题，过渡自然。
2. 主体段：用“Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly”分点阐述核心礼仪：
初次见面礼仪：点明“you are supposed to shake hands when you meet someone for the first time.”
待人接物礼仪：说明赴约时“you should bring a gift...and be sure to arrive on time or a few minutes earlier.”
餐桌礼仪：指出“it's rude to point at others with your chopsticks. And don't make noise when you have your soup.”，全面覆盖题目提示要点。
3. 结尾段：用“I hope the above is helpful. Please feel free to ask for more information.”礼貌收尾，符合邮件的交际功能。
【答案】
Dear Chris,
I'm glad to know that you're interested in Chinese social manners. China is a country with a long history，so there are many customs here. Let me tell you some of them.
Firstly，you are supposed to shake hands when you meet someone for the first time. Secondly，you should bring a gift when you are invited to a party and be sure to arrive on time or a few minutes earlier. Thirdly，when you have meals with others，it's rude to point at others with your chopsticks. And don't make noise when you have your soup.
I hope the above is helpful. Please feel free to ask for more information.
Yours,
Li Hua
【知识点】
1. 英语应用文写作
2. 社交礼仪英语表达
3. 一般现在时运用
【点评】
本文结构清晰，分为引出话题、分述礼仪、礼貌收尾三个部分，逻辑连贯；准确覆盖了题目要求的所有礼仪要点，语言规范地道，符合邮件的交际语境，能高效完成写作任务，是一篇优秀的范文。
【难度系数】
0.6
首先，明确这是一篇应用文（邮件）写作，需向英国笔友介绍中国日常社交礼仪，要覆盖初次见面、待人接物、餐桌礼仪的核心要点。
解题思路：第一步，确定时态为一般现在时，人称以第二人称为主，契合邮件介绍的交际语境；第二步，搭建清晰的文章结构：开头回应对方兴趣，引出礼仪话题；中间分点阐述具体礼仪，用连接词让逻辑更顺畅，确保覆盖提示问题的所有内容；结尾礼貌收尾，表达愿意提供更多信息的意愿，这样能保证内容完整、条理清晰，满足题目要求。
【解析】
1. 开头段：承接给定的邮件开头，用“China is a country with a long history，so there are many customs here. Let me tell you some of them.”自然引出要介绍的礼仪话题，过渡自然。
2. 主体段：用“Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly”分点阐述核心礼仪：
初次见面礼仪：点明“you are supposed to shake hands when you meet someone for the first time.”
待人接物礼仪：说明赴约时“you should bring a gift...and be sure to arrive on time or a few minutes earlier.”
餐桌礼仪：指出“it's rude to point at others with your chopsticks. And don't make noise when you have your soup.”，全面覆盖题目提示要点。
3. 结尾段：用“I hope the above is helpful. Please feel free to ask for more information.”礼貌收尾，符合邮件的交际功能。
【答案】
Dear Chris,
I'm glad to know that you're interested in Chinese social manners. China is a country with a long history，so there are many customs here. Let me tell you some of them.
Firstly，you are supposed to shake hands when you meet someone for the first time. Secondly，you should bring a gift when you are invited to a party and be sure to arrive on time or a few minutes earlier. Thirdly，when you have meals with others，it's rude to point at others with your chopsticks. And don't make noise when you have your soup.
I hope the above is helpful. Please feel free to ask for more information.
Yours,
Li Hua
【知识点】
1. 英语应用文写作
2. 社交礼仪英语表达
3. 一般现在时运用
【点评】
本文结构清晰，分为引出话题、分述礼仪、礼貌收尾三个部分，逻辑连贯；准确覆盖了题目要求的所有礼仪要点，语言规范地道，符合邮件的交际语境，能高效完成写作任务，是一篇优秀的范文。
【难度系数】
0.6