B
(2025·无锡二模改编)In South Korea, families must pay for the food they throw away. This simple rule has reduced household waste by 30% in just five years. Every year, 1.3 billion tons of food is wasted while 800 million people suffer from hunger.
The journey of wasted food begins long before it reaches our plates. Studies by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization show that in developing countries, farmers don't have proper storage or transportation, so 40% of food is lost after harvest. In India, nearly 20% of fruit and vegetables go bad before reaching markets. In wealthy countries, like the US, where over 40% of the waste happens in shops and homes, nearly 20% of vegetables never leave farms just because they look “ugly”. At home, US families waste 1,500 worth of food every year because they misunderstand “best before” dates.
The environmental damage(损害)that food waste causes is amazing. Rotting food in landfills produces methane, a greenhouse gas which is 25 times more powerful than CO₂. If food waste were a country, it would create more pollution than other nations. The water used to grow wasted food could fill Lake Geneva three times. Deforestation is also connected to wasteful food systems.
Food waste costs the global economy 1 trillion every year. US families could save 1,800 per year by reducing waste, while UK supermarkets lose £ 250 million on unsold bread. During the period that the disease spread a few years ago, when schools and restaurants closed, US dairy farmers threw away 3.7 million gallons of milk daily.
Actions are being taken around the world. France has become the first country to prevent supermarkets from throwing away edible food, requiring them to donate it instead. Denmark started public education campaigns in 2010 and has cut national waste by 25%. And apps like Olio, which encourage neighbours to share surplus food, are proving helpful.
Small steps at home can help as well. Storing food properly, like separating apples, can keep food fresh longer. Understanding “best before” dates means quality rather than safety, could prevent 20% of household waste. California schools, which introduced “share tables” for uneaten food, reduced cafeteria waste by 30%.
As scientist Dr Jane Smith warns, “Reducing food waste is one of the most effective ways to fight climate change that anyone can take part in.” By planning meals, buying “ugly” food, and storing food properly, everyone can help create a future where food should feed people instead of being thrown away.
5. Why does the article talk about South Korea's rule?
A. To show Asian countries have stricter laws.
B. To explain how this rule makes much money.
C. To prove that small new rules can work well.
D. To discuss why the rule is popular worldwide.
6. What can we learn about food waste?
A. Indian farmers lose most fruit because of bad weather.
B. US farms waste almost 20% of vegetables because of their ugly looks.
C. California schools teach special lessons to cut food waste.
D. UK supermarkets are fined for throwing away unsold bread.
7. 语言能力 归纳能力 What do the last three paragraphs mainly talk about?
A. Using apps to share uneaten food.
B. How scientists remind us of healthy eating.
C. Creating plans for a greener future.
D. How different groups can fight food waste.
8. 新考法 补全文章 The following sentence can be best put at the end of
This shocking imbalance harms the planet, economies, and people in need, but this can be fixed through collective effort, as research shows.
A. Paragraph 1
B. Paragraph 2
C. Paragraph 3
D. Paragraph 4
(2025·无锡二模改编)In South Korea, families must pay for the food they throw away. This simple rule has reduced household waste by 30% in just five years. Every year, 1.3 billion tons of food is wasted while 800 million people suffer from hunger.
The journey of wasted food begins long before it reaches our plates. Studies by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization show that in developing countries, farmers don't have proper storage or transportation, so 40% of food is lost after harvest. In India, nearly 20% of fruit and vegetables go bad before reaching markets. In wealthy countries, like the US, where over 40% of the waste happens in shops and homes, nearly 20% of vegetables never leave farms just because they look “ugly”. At home, US families waste 1,500 worth of food every year because they misunderstand “best before” dates.
The environmental damage(损害)that food waste causes is amazing. Rotting food in landfills produces methane, a greenhouse gas which is 25 times more powerful than CO₂. If food waste were a country, it would create more pollution than other nations. The water used to grow wasted food could fill Lake Geneva three times. Deforestation is also connected to wasteful food systems.
Food waste costs the global economy 1 trillion every year. US families could save 1,800 per year by reducing waste, while UK supermarkets lose £ 250 million on unsold bread. During the period that the disease spread a few years ago, when schools and restaurants closed, US dairy farmers threw away 3.7 million gallons of milk daily.
Actions are being taken around the world. France has become the first country to prevent supermarkets from throwing away edible food, requiring them to donate it instead. Denmark started public education campaigns in 2010 and has cut national waste by 25%. And apps like Olio, which encourage neighbours to share surplus food, are proving helpful.
Small steps at home can help as well. Storing food properly, like separating apples, can keep food fresh longer. Understanding “best before” dates means quality rather than safety, could prevent 20% of household waste. California schools, which introduced “share tables” for uneaten food, reduced cafeteria waste by 30%.
As scientist Dr Jane Smith warns, “Reducing food waste is one of the most effective ways to fight climate change that anyone can take part in.” By planning meals, buying “ugly” food, and storing food properly, everyone can help create a future where food should feed people instead of being thrown away.
5. Why does the article talk about South Korea's rule?
A. To show Asian countries have stricter laws.
B. To explain how this rule makes much money.
C. To prove that small new rules can work well.
D. To discuss why the rule is popular worldwide.
6. What can we learn about food waste?
A. Indian farmers lose most fruit because of bad weather.
B. US farms waste almost 20% of vegetables because of their ugly looks.
C. California schools teach special lessons to cut food waste.
D. UK supermarkets are fined for throwing away unsold bread.
7. 语言能力 归纳能力 What do the last three paragraphs mainly talk about?
A. Using apps to share uneaten food.
B. How scientists remind us of healthy eating.
C. Creating plans for a greener future.
D. How different groups can fight food waste.
8. 新考法 补全文章 The following sentence can be best put at the end of
A
.This shocking imbalance harms the planet, economies, and people in need, but this can be fixed through collective effort, as research shows.
A. Paragraph 1
B. Paragraph 2
C. Paragraph 3
D. Paragraph 4
答案：5 - 8 CBDA
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了全球食物浪费的现状及其对环境和经济的影响，并介绍了各国采取的减少食物浪费的措施。
5. C 解析：推理判断题。根据“In South Korea, families must pay for the food they throw away. This simple rule has reduced household waste by 30% in just five years.”可知开头提到韩国的一项简单规定——家庭必须为他们扔掉的食物付费，这项规定在短短五年内就将家庭垃圾减少了 30%，作者通过这个例子来证明，即使是看似微小的新规定也能产生显著的效果。故选 C。
6. B 解析：细节理解题。根据“In wealthy countries, like the US, where over 40% of the waste happens in shops and homes, nearly 20% of vegetables never leave farms just because they look 'ugly'.”可知在像美国这样的富裕国家，超过 40%的浪费发生在商店和家庭中，近 20%的蔬菜因为看起来“丑陋”而从未离开农场，可推断美国农场因为蔬菜外观“丑陋”而浪费了近 20%的蔬菜。故选 B。
7. D 解析：段落大意题。根据“Actions are being taken around the world.”可知最后三段主要介绍了世界各国政府、商店及个人是如何采取行动来减少食物浪费的。故选 D。
8. A 解析：补全文章题。根据“Every year, 1.3 billion tons of food is wasted while 800 million people suffer from hunger.”可知每年有 13 亿吨食物被浪费，而 8 亿人却遭受饥饿，这是一种不平衡，故此句“这种令人震惊的不平衡损害了地球、经济和需要帮助的人们，但研究表明，通过集体努力可以解决这个问题。”最适合放在第 1 段之后，引出下文的内容。故选 A。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了全球食物浪费的现状及其对环境和经济的影响，并介绍了各国采取的减少食物浪费的措施。
5. C 解析：推理判断题。根据“In South Korea, families must pay for the food they throw away. This simple rule has reduced household waste by 30% in just five years.”可知开头提到韩国的一项简单规定——家庭必须为他们扔掉的食物付费，这项规定在短短五年内就将家庭垃圾减少了 30%，作者通过这个例子来证明，即使是看似微小的新规定也能产生显著的效果。故选 C。
6. B 解析：细节理解题。根据“In wealthy countries, like the US, where over 40% of the waste happens in shops and homes, nearly 20% of vegetables never leave farms just because they look 'ugly'.”可知在像美国这样的富裕国家，超过 40%的浪费发生在商店和家庭中，近 20%的蔬菜因为看起来“丑陋”而从未离开农场，可推断美国农场因为蔬菜外观“丑陋”而浪费了近 20%的蔬菜。故选 B。
7. D 解析：段落大意题。根据“Actions are being taken around the world.”可知最后三段主要介绍了世界各国政府、商店及个人是如何采取行动来减少食物浪费的。故选 D。
8. A 解析：补全文章题。根据“Every year, 1.3 billion tons of food is wasted while 800 million people suffer from hunger.”可知每年有 13 亿吨食物被浪费，而 8 亿人却遭受饥饿，这是一种不平衡，故此句“这种令人震惊的不平衡损害了地球、经济和需要帮助的人们，但研究表明，通过集体努力可以解决这个问题。”最适合放在第 1 段之后，引出下文的内容。故选 A。
解析：
【分析】
1. 第5题：这是一道推理判断题。首先定位到文章第一段，韩国出台“家庭需为丢弃的食物付费”的简单规定，短短五年就让家庭垃圾减少30%。作者举这个例子的目的是为了证明看似微小的新规能起到很好的效果，我们需要结合例子的作用分析选项，排除不符合的选项得出正确答案。
2. 第6题：这是细节理解题。需逐一将选项与原文内容核对：A选项中印度果蔬浪费的原因是缺乏合适的储存和运输，不是坏天气；C选项加州学校是通过设置“共享桌”减少浪费，而非特殊课程；D选项英国超市是因未售面包损失资金，没有提到被罚款。只有B选项与原文表述一致。
3. 第7题：这是段落大意题。最后三段分别介绍了全球各国、相关应用程序、家庭以及学校等不同群体减少食物浪费的举措，核心是不同群体如何对抗食物浪费，据此归纳选出正确选项。
4. 第8题：这是补全文章题。句子中的“shocking imbalance”指食物浪费与人们挨饿的不平衡，文章第一段最后一句提到的“每年13亿吨食物被浪费，同时8亿人遭受饥饿”正好对应这种不平衡，放在第一段结尾能引出下文关于不平衡的影响及解决办法的内容。
【解析】
5. 推理判断题。根据第一段“In South Korea, families must pay for the food they throw away. This simple rule has reduced household waste by 30% in just five years.”可知，韩国这项简单的规定在短短五年内使家庭垃圾减少了30%，作者通过该例子证明看似微小的新规定也能发挥很好的作用，故选C。
6. 细节理解题。根据第二段“In wealthy countries, like the US, where over 40% of the waste happens in shops and homes, nearly 20% of vegetables never leave farms just because they look ‘ugly’.”可知，美国近20%的蔬菜因外观“丑陋”而从未离开农场，即美国农场因此浪费了近20%的蔬菜，B选项表述正确；A选项中印度果蔬浪费的原因是缺乏合适的储存和运输，并非坏天气；C选项加州学校是通过设置“共享桌”减少浪费，而非特殊课程；D选项英国超市是因未售面包损失2.5亿英镑，没有提到被罚款，故A、C、D均错误，选B。
7. 段落大意题。第五段介绍了全球各国及相关应用减少食物浪费的行动，第六段介绍家庭层面的小措施，第七段介绍个人可采取的方法，这三段核心是不同群体（国家、企业、个人等）如何对抗食物浪费，故选D。
8. 补全文章题。第一段最后一句提到“Every year, 1.3 billion tons of food is wasted while 800 million people suffer from hunger.”，这正是句子中“shocking imbalance”所指的食物浪费与人们挨饿的不平衡现象，该句放在第一段结尾能自然引出下文关于这种不平衡的影响及解决办法的内容，故选A。
【答案】
CBDA
【知识点】
推理判断、细节理解、段落大意
【点评】
本文是一篇说明文，围绕全球食物浪费的现状、影响及解决措施展开。题目涵盖多种阅读理解题型，既考查对文本细节的精准把握，也考查对段落主旨、作者写作意图的归纳推理，引导学生关注食物浪费这一社会问题，树立节约意识。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. 第5题：这是一道推理判断题。首先定位到文章第一段，韩国出台“家庭需为丢弃的食物付费”的简单规定，短短五年就让家庭垃圾减少30%。作者举这个例子的目的是为了证明看似微小的新规能起到很好的效果，我们需要结合例子的作用分析选项，排除不符合的选项得出正确答案。
2. 第6题：这是细节理解题。需逐一将选项与原文内容核对：A选项中印度果蔬浪费的原因是缺乏合适的储存和运输，不是坏天气；C选项加州学校是通过设置“共享桌”减少浪费，而非特殊课程；D选项英国超市是因未售面包损失资金，没有提到被罚款。只有B选项与原文表述一致。
3. 第7题：这是段落大意题。最后三段分别介绍了全球各国、相关应用程序、家庭以及学校等不同群体减少食物浪费的举措，核心是不同群体如何对抗食物浪费，据此归纳选出正确选项。
4. 第8题：这是补全文章题。句子中的“shocking imbalance”指食物浪费与人们挨饿的不平衡，文章第一段最后一句提到的“每年13亿吨食物被浪费，同时8亿人遭受饥饿”正好对应这种不平衡，放在第一段结尾能引出下文关于不平衡的影响及解决办法的内容。
【解析】
5. 推理判断题。根据第一段“In South Korea, families must pay for the food they throw away. This simple rule has reduced household waste by 30% in just five years.”可知，韩国这项简单的规定在短短五年内使家庭垃圾减少了30%，作者通过该例子证明看似微小的新规定也能发挥很好的作用，故选C。
6. 细节理解题。根据第二段“In wealthy countries, like the US, where over 40% of the waste happens in shops and homes, nearly 20% of vegetables never leave farms just because they look ‘ugly’.”可知，美国近20%的蔬菜因外观“丑陋”而从未离开农场，即美国农场因此浪费了近20%的蔬菜，B选项表述正确；A选项中印度果蔬浪费的原因是缺乏合适的储存和运输，并非坏天气；C选项加州学校是通过设置“共享桌”减少浪费，而非特殊课程；D选项英国超市是因未售面包损失2.5亿英镑，没有提到被罚款，故A、C、D均错误，选B。
7. 段落大意题。第五段介绍了全球各国及相关应用减少食物浪费的行动，第六段介绍家庭层面的小措施，第七段介绍个人可采取的方法，这三段核心是不同群体（国家、企业、个人等）如何对抗食物浪费，故选D。
8. 补全文章题。第一段最后一句提到“Every year, 1.3 billion tons of food is wasted while 800 million people suffer from hunger.”，这正是句子中“shocking imbalance”所指的食物浪费与人们挨饿的不平衡现象，该句放在第一段结尾能自然引出下文关于这种不平衡的影响及解决办法的内容，故选A。
【答案】
CBDA
【知识点】
推理判断、细节理解、段落大意
【点评】
本文是一篇说明文，围绕全球食物浪费的现状、影响及解决措施展开。题目涵盖多种阅读理解题型，既考查对文本细节的精准把握，也考查对段落主旨、作者写作意图的归纳推理，引导学生关注食物浪费这一社会问题，树立节约意识。
【难度系数】
0.6