Ⅱ. 抗战时期的中国大学
国立西南联合大学，是中国抗日战争开始后高校内迁设于昆明的一所综合性大学，前后共存在了 8 年零 11 个月，“内树学术自由之规模，外来民主堡垒之称号”，保存了抗战时期的重要科研力量，培养了一大批卓有成就的优秀人才。(选项中有两项多余)
跨学科 历史
National Southwestern Associated University(Xinan Lianda) was a great university. It was open from 1938 to 1946 as a wartime university. How was the university built? Why was it a great university? What was it like to study there? Read on to find out.
Heading to the south
In 1937, the Japanese army took over Peking University and Tsinghua University in Beijing and bombed(轰炸) Nankai University in Tianjin. Teachers and students from the three universities first moved to Changsha to work together. 1.
Modern teaching
Xinan Lianda used modern ways to teach its students. Its principals Jiang Menglin, Mei Yiqi and Zhang Boling received both Chinese and Western education. They provided general education(通识教育). 2.
Xinan Lianda was home to many famous teachers. 3.
Hard times
The school’s teachers and students didn’t have enough food, books or clothing. Forty students had to live in a big thatched(茅草屋顶的) room. There were bugs(虫子) everywhere. Some students caught them and kept them in bottles. 4.
Coming to an end
5.
| A. It had 179 professors(教授). | B. Changsha was a safe city at that time. |
| C. The students’ lives were even in danger. | D. Later in 1938, they moved to Kunming, Yunnan. |
| E. Many teachers have built new houses for students. | F. Students in their first year didn’t have to pick majors(专业). |
| G. After the war, the three universities returned to their homes in 1946. |
国立西南联合大学，是中国抗日战争开始后高校内迁设于昆明的一所综合性大学，前后共存在了 8 年零 11 个月，“内树学术自由之规模，外来民主堡垒之称号”，保存了抗战时期的重要科研力量，培养了一大批卓有成就的优秀人才。(选项中有两项多余)
跨学科 历史
National Southwestern Associated University(Xinan Lianda) was a great university. It was open from 1938 to 1946 as a wartime university. How was the university built? Why was it a great university? What was it like to study there? Read on to find out.
Heading to the south
In 1937, the Japanese army took over Peking University and Tsinghua University in Beijing and bombed(轰炸) Nankai University in Tianjin. Teachers and students from the three universities first moved to Changsha to work together. 1.
D
And they set up National Southwestern Associated University there. Some teachers and students walked thousands of kilometres from Changsha to Kunming.Modern teaching
Xinan Lianda used modern ways to teach its students. Its principals Jiang Menglin, Mei Yiqi and Zhang Boling received both Chinese and Western education. They provided general education(通识教育). 2.
F
Instead, they first took general courses, such as Chinese and English.Xinan Lianda was home to many famous teachers. 3.
A
Writers like Wen Yiduo, Shen Congwen and Zhu Ziqing all taught there.Hard times
The school’s teachers and students didn’t have enough food, books or clothing. Forty students had to live in a big thatched(茅草屋顶的) room. There were bugs(虫子) everywhere. Some students caught them and kept them in bottles. 4.
C
Bombings were common. In 1940, Professor Fei Xiaotong’s house was attacked(攻击). He lost his draft(手稿) of a book he was writing. But these hard times didn’t stop the students or teachers.Coming to an end
5.
G
But Xinan Lianda’s normal college remained and was renamed Yunnan Normal University in 1984.| A. It had 179 professors(教授). | B. Changsha was a safe city at that time. |
| C. The students’ lives were even in danger. | D. Later in 1938, they moved to Kunming, Yunnan. |
| E. Many teachers have built new houses for students. | F. Students in their first year didn’t have to pick majors(专业). |
| G. After the war, the three universities returned to their homes in 1946. |
答案：1 - 5 DFACG
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了西南联大的发展历程。
1. D 解析：根据“And they set up National Southwestern Associated University there. Some teachers and students walked thousands of kilometres from Changsha to Kunming.”可知，学校搬到了昆明，选项 D“后来在 1938 年，他们搬到了云南昆明。”符合语境。故选 D。
2. F 解析：根据“Instead, they first took general courses, such as Chinese and English.”可知，学生不选专业，选项 F“大一的学生不需要选择专业。”符合语境。故选 F。
3. A 解析：根据“Xinan Lianda was home to many famous teachers.”可知，此处在介绍老师，选项 A“共有 179 名教授。”符合语境。故选 A。
4. C 解析：根据“Bombings were common.”可知，很危险，选项 C“学生们的生命甚至处于危险之中。”符合语境。故选 C。
5. G 解析：根据“Coming to an end”和“But Xinan Lianda's normal college remained and was renamed Yunnan Normal University in 1984.”可知，师范学院在战后留了下来，选项 G“战争结束后，这三所大学于 1946 年重返原址。”符合语境。故选 G。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了西南联大的发展历程。
1. D 解析：根据“And they set up National Southwestern Associated University there. Some teachers and students walked thousands of kilometres from Changsha to Kunming.”可知，学校搬到了昆明，选项 D“后来在 1938 年，他们搬到了云南昆明。”符合语境。故选 D。
2. F 解析：根据“Instead, they first took general courses, such as Chinese and English.”可知，学生不选专业，选项 F“大一的学生不需要选择专业。”符合语境。故选 F。
3. A 解析：根据“Xinan Lianda was home to many famous teachers.”可知，此处在介绍老师，选项 A“共有 179 名教授。”符合语境。故选 A。
4. C 解析：根据“Bombings were common.”可知，很危险，选项 C“学生们的生命甚至处于危险之中。”符合语境。故选 C。
5. G 解析：根据“Coming to an end”和“But Xinan Lianda's normal college remained and was renamed Yunnan Normal University in 1984.”可知，师范学院在战后留了下来，选项 G“战争结束后，这三所大学于 1946 年重返原址。”符合语境。故选 G。
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇说明文类的七选五阅读理解题，解题思路如下：
1. 先通读全文，明确文章主旨是介绍国立西南联合大学的发展历程、教学特色、艰难处境及最终结局。
2. 逐个分析空格前后的语境，结合段落主题和逻辑关系匹配选项：
第1空：前文提及师生先迁至长沙，后文提到从长沙到昆明并建校，需选承接搬迁地点的选项。
第2空：后文用“Instead”引出学生先上通识课，说明前文是与选专业相关的转折内容。
第3空：段落主题是西南联大拥有众多名师，需选补充师资相关信息的选项。
第4空：后文提到轰炸频发，需选体现学生处境危险的选项。
第5空：段落主题是联大的结局，后文说师范学院留存，需选三校战后去向的选项。
3. 最后代入选项通读全文，验证逻辑是否通顺。
【解析】
1. 选D。根据前文“Teachers and students from the three universities first moved to Changsha to work together.”和后文“And they set up National Southwestern Associated University there. Some teachers and students walked thousands of kilometres from Changsha to Kunming.”可知，师生从长沙搬迁到了昆明，选项D“Later in 1938, they moved to Kunming, Yunnan.”符合语境。
2. 选F。根据后文“Instead, they first took general courses, such as Chinese and English.”中的“Instead”可知，此处与后文形成转折关系，说明大一学生不需要先选择专业，选项F“Students in their first year didn’t have to pick majors(专业).”符合语境。
3. 选A。根据前文“Xinan Lianda was home to many famous teachers.”可知，本段围绕联大的师资情况展开，选项A“It had 179 professors(教授).”补充了教师数量信息，符合语境。
4. 选C。根据后文“Bombings were common.”可知，当时的环境十分危险，选项C“The students’ lives were even in danger.”准确体现了学生的处境，符合语境。
5. 选G。根据段落标题“Coming to an end”和后文“But Xinan Lianda’s normal college remained and was renamed Yunnan Normal University in 1984.”可知，此处应说明联大结束后三所高校的去向，选项G“After the war, the three universities returned to their homes in 1946.”符合语境。
【答案】
1-5 DFACG
【知识点】
七选五解题技巧、说明文阅读、语境逻辑分析
【点评】
本文围绕国立西南联合大学展开，介绍了其组建背景、教学模式、艰难处境及最终结局，题目考查学生对语篇逻辑的把握能力，需要结合上下文语境和段落主题精准匹配选项，既帮助学生了解历史文化知识，又能提升阅读理解中的逻辑推理能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
这是一篇说明文类的七选五阅读理解题，解题思路如下：
1. 先通读全文，明确文章主旨是介绍国立西南联合大学的发展历程、教学特色、艰难处境及最终结局。
2. 逐个分析空格前后的语境，结合段落主题和逻辑关系匹配选项：
第1空：前文提及师生先迁至长沙，后文提到从长沙到昆明并建校，需选承接搬迁地点的选项。
第2空：后文用“Instead”引出学生先上通识课，说明前文是与选专业相关的转折内容。
第3空：段落主题是西南联大拥有众多名师，需选补充师资相关信息的选项。
第4空：后文提到轰炸频发，需选体现学生处境危险的选项。
第5空：段落主题是联大的结局，后文说师范学院留存，需选三校战后去向的选项。
3. 最后代入选项通读全文，验证逻辑是否通顺。
【解析】
1. 选D。根据前文“Teachers and students from the three universities first moved to Changsha to work together.”和后文“And they set up National Southwestern Associated University there. Some teachers and students walked thousands of kilometres from Changsha to Kunming.”可知，师生从长沙搬迁到了昆明，选项D“Later in 1938, they moved to Kunming, Yunnan.”符合语境。
2. 选F。根据后文“Instead, they first took general courses, such as Chinese and English.”中的“Instead”可知，此处与后文形成转折关系，说明大一学生不需要先选择专业，选项F“Students in their first year didn’t have to pick majors(专业).”符合语境。
3. 选A。根据前文“Xinan Lianda was home to many famous teachers.”可知，本段围绕联大的师资情况展开，选项A“It had 179 professors(教授).”补充了教师数量信息，符合语境。
4. 选C。根据后文“Bombings were common.”可知，当时的环境十分危险，选项C“The students’ lives were even in danger.”准确体现了学生的处境，符合语境。
5. 选G。根据段落标题“Coming to an end”和后文“But Xinan Lianda’s normal college remained and was renamed Yunnan Normal University in 1984.”可知，此处应说明联大结束后三所高校的去向，选项G“After the war, the three universities returned to their homes in 1946.”符合语境。
【答案】
1-5 DFACG
【知识点】
七选五解题技巧、说明文阅读、语境逻辑分析
【点评】
本文围绕国立西南联合大学展开，介绍了其组建背景、教学模式、艰难处境及最终结局，题目考查学生对语篇逻辑的把握能力，需要结合上下文语境和段落主题精准匹配选项，既帮助学生了解历史文化知识，又能提升阅读理解中的逻辑推理能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
新考法 思维导图
为了更好地了解西南联大，Millie 绘制如下思维导图，请帮她补充完整吧！(每空词数不限)
为了更好地了解西南联大，Millie 绘制如下思维导图，请帮她补充完整吧！(每空词数不限)
答案：【思维导图】
1. Peking University, Tsinghua University and Nankai University 解析：根据原文“In 1937, the Japanese army took over Peking University and Tsinghua University in Beijing and bombed Nankai University in Tianjin. Teachers and students from the three universities first moved to Changsha to work together.”可知 1937 年来自这三所大学的师生，故填 Peking University, Tsinghua University and Nankai University。
2. Changsha 解析：根据原文“Teachers and students from the three universities first moved to Changsha to work together.”可知首先搬到长沙，故填 Changsha。
3. Kunming (Yunnan) 解析：根据原文“Later in 1938, they moved to Kunming, Yunnan. And they set up National Southwestern Associated University there.”，可知西南联大建立在云南昆明，故填 Kunming (Yunnan)。
4. 1946 解析：根据原文“After the war, the three universities returned to their homes in 1946.”，可知 1946 年三所大学返回原址，故填 1946。
5. Yunnan Normal University 解析：根据原文“But Xinan Lianda's normal college remained and was renamed Yunnan Normal University in 1984.”，可知更名为云南师范大学，故填 Yunnan Normal University。
6. general education 解析：根据原文“They provided general education.”，可知西南联大提供通识教育，故填 general education。
7. second year 解析：根据原文“Students in their first year didn't have to pick majors. Instead, they first took general courses”，可推断学生在“大二”选择专业，故填 second year。
8. not enough 解析：根据原文“The school's teachers and students didn't have enough food, books or clothing.”，可知生活条件“不足”，故填 not enough。
9. dangerous 解析：根据原文“The students' lives were even in danger. Bombings were common.”，可知环境“危险”，故填 dangerous。
1. Peking University, Tsinghua University and Nankai University 解析：根据原文“In 1937, the Japanese army took over Peking University and Tsinghua University in Beijing and bombed Nankai University in Tianjin. Teachers and students from the three universities first moved to Changsha to work together.”可知 1937 年来自这三所大学的师生，故填 Peking University, Tsinghua University and Nankai University。
2. Changsha 解析：根据原文“Teachers and students from the three universities first moved to Changsha to work together.”可知首先搬到长沙，故填 Changsha。
3. Kunming (Yunnan) 解析：根据原文“Later in 1938, they moved to Kunming, Yunnan. And they set up National Southwestern Associated University there.”，可知西南联大建立在云南昆明，故填 Kunming (Yunnan)。
4. 1946 解析：根据原文“After the war, the three universities returned to their homes in 1946.”，可知 1946 年三所大学返回原址，故填 1946。
5. Yunnan Normal University 解析：根据原文“But Xinan Lianda's normal college remained and was renamed Yunnan Normal University in 1984.”，可知更名为云南师范大学，故填 Yunnan Normal University。
6. general education 解析：根据原文“They provided general education.”，可知西南联大提供通识教育，故填 general education。
7. second year 解析：根据原文“Students in their first year didn't have to pick majors. Instead, they first took general courses”，可推断学生在“大二”选择专业，故填 second year。
8. not enough 解析：根据原文“The school's teachers and students didn't have enough food, books or clothing.”，可知生活条件“不足”，故填 not enough。
9. dangerous 解析：根据原文“The students' lives were even in danger. Bombings were common.”，可知环境“危险”，故填 dangerous。
解析：
【分析】
这是一道依托西南联大相关文本的思维导图填空题，解题时需先梳理思维导图的板块结构（历史、教育、困难），再根据每个空的时间、事件提示，定位到原文对应段落提取关键信息；部分空需要结合文本逻辑进行合理推导，比如第7题，根据“大一不用选专业”的信息，推断出选专业的时间。
【解析】
1. 根据原文“In 1937, the Japanese army took over Peking University and Tsinghua University in Beijing and bombed Nankai University in Tianjin. Teachers and students from the three universities first moved to Changsha to work together.”，可知1937年迁移的师生来自这三所大学，故填对应内容。
2. 由原文“Teachers and students from the three universities first moved to Changsha to work together.”可知，师生首先搬迁到长沙，故填Changsha。
3. 根据原文“Later in 1938, they moved to Kunming, Yunnan. And they set up National Southwestern Associated University there.”，可知西南联大建立在云南昆明，故填Kunming (Yunnan)。
4. 从原文“After the war, the three universities returned to their homes in 1946.”可知，1946年三所大学返回原址，故填1946。
5. 根据原文“But Xinan Lianda's normal college remained and was renamed Yunnan Normal University in 1984.”，可知该学院更名为云南师范大学，故填Yunnan Normal University。
6. 由原文“They provided general education.”可知，西南联大提供通识教育，故填general education。
7. 根据原文“Students in their first year didn't have to pick majors. Instead, they first took general courses”，可推断学生在大二选择专业，故填second year。
8. 根据原文“The school's teachers and students didn't have enough food, books or clothing.”，可知食物、书籍和衣物是不足的，故填not enough。
9. 从原文“The students' lives were even in danger. Bombings were common.”可知，生活条件是危险的，故填dangerous。
【答案】
1. Peking University, Tsinghua University and Nankai University
2. Changsha
3. Kunming (Yunnan)
4. 1946
5. Yunnan Normal University
6. general education
7. second year
8. not enough
9. dangerous
【知识点】
1. 西南联大历史常识
2. 文本信息定位提取
3. 逻辑推断能力
【点评】
本题以思维导图为载体，考查学生对文本信息的提取与逻辑推导能力，既要求精准定位原文内容，也需要结合细节进行合理推断，能帮助学生梳理历史事件脉络，提升信息处理能力。
【难度系数】
0.3
这是一道依托西南联大相关文本的思维导图填空题，解题时需先梳理思维导图的板块结构（历史、教育、困难），再根据每个空的时间、事件提示，定位到原文对应段落提取关键信息；部分空需要结合文本逻辑进行合理推导，比如第7题，根据“大一不用选专业”的信息，推断出选专业的时间。
【解析】
1. 根据原文“In 1937, the Japanese army took over Peking University and Tsinghua University in Beijing and bombed Nankai University in Tianjin. Teachers and students from the three universities first moved to Changsha to work together.”，可知1937年迁移的师生来自这三所大学，故填对应内容。
2. 由原文“Teachers and students from the three universities first moved to Changsha to work together.”可知，师生首先搬迁到长沙，故填Changsha。
3. 根据原文“Later in 1938, they moved to Kunming, Yunnan. And they set up National Southwestern Associated University there.”，可知西南联大建立在云南昆明，故填Kunming (Yunnan)。
4. 从原文“After the war, the three universities returned to their homes in 1946.”可知，1946年三所大学返回原址，故填1946。
5. 根据原文“But Xinan Lianda's normal college remained and was renamed Yunnan Normal University in 1984.”，可知该学院更名为云南师范大学，故填Yunnan Normal University。
6. 由原文“They provided general education.”可知，西南联大提供通识教育，故填general education。
7. 根据原文“Students in their first year didn't have to pick majors. Instead, they first took general courses”，可推断学生在大二选择专业，故填second year。
8. 根据原文“The school's teachers and students didn't have enough food, books or clothing.”，可知食物、书籍和衣物是不足的，故填not enough。
9. 从原文“The students' lives were even in danger. Bombings were common.”可知，生活条件是危险的，故填dangerous。
【答案】
1. Peking University, Tsinghua University and Nankai University
2. Changsha
3. Kunming (Yunnan)
4. 1946
5. Yunnan Normal University
6. general education
7. second year
8. not enough
9. dangerous
【知识点】
1. 西南联大历史常识
2. 文本信息定位提取
3. 逻辑推断能力
【点评】
本题以思维导图为载体，考查学生对文本信息的提取与逻辑推导能力，既要求精准定位原文内容，也需要结合细节进行合理推断，能帮助学生梳理历史事件脉络，提升信息处理能力。
【难度系数】
0.3