Ⅰ. 气候变化
Daniel 认为全球变暖等气候问题是人类发展过程中不容忽视的、亟需解决的问题。而解决这个问题，每个人都需要付出努力。
(2024·重庆中考改编)
① The world's highest ski place, Chacaltaya, was closed after the 18,000 - year - old glacier melted (冰川融化) in 2009. Many scientists agree that the glaciers around the world could disappear in this century, much faster than we thought.
② As we all know, the reason for this is global warming. When a certain gas such as carbon dioxide (CO₂) is largely emitted (排放) into the atmosphere, it causes the greenhouse effect (效应) which makes the earth warmer.
③ As the earth becomes warmer, glaciers melt more quickly, and dark rocks are uncovered. Then these rocks take in more heat, causing the temperature to rise. As a result, the remaining snow on glaciers melts faster.
④ The effects of global warming will be far - reaching and often devastating (毁灭性的). While the melting of glaciers may flood some areas of the earth, in other places, it is making water disappear. An increasing number of heat waves and droughts (干旱) worldwide will also change the face of the world in the future.
⑤ Global warming is a real problem, and one largely caused by human activities. Solving the problem is not easy, and there is no single magic way. However, we can begin by lowering the amount of CO₂ in our daily lives.
⑥ Peter Miller, along with his wife, took part in a scientific test to see how much CO₂ they could cut down in a month. The average (平均) USA household produces about 80 kilos of CO₂, which was more than twice the European average and almost five times the global average. Their final goal was to produce less CO₂ than most American families.
⑦ First, they found out how much CO₂ they were producing. Then they asked an expert for advice on how to reduce CO₂ emissions. According to the expert's advice, they made some changes to their house, replaced their lights, and changed some of their living habits. At the same time, they either biked, walked, or used public transportation. A month later, they saved 70% on electricity, 40% on gas, and drove half as much as others. Their daily CO₂ emissions were fewer than the USA average, at 32 kilos.
⑧ Protecting our planet starts small: change a light, open a window, walk or bike. With a little effort, and not much money, most of us can make a difference.
1. Why was the ski place, Chacaltaya, closed in 2009?
A. Because the ski place was too old.
B. Because few tourists came to this place.
C. Because the ski place was too high to reach.
D. Because the 18,000 - year - old glacier melted.
2. 新考法 写作手法 How does the writer show that Peter succeeded in the scientific test?
A. By listing numbers.
B. By asking questions.
C. By giving explanations.
D. By giving suggestions.
3. 新考法 图示理解 Which of the following can match the information in the passage?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Daniel 认为全球变暖等气候问题是人类发展过程中不容忽视的、亟需解决的问题。而解决这个问题，每个人都需要付出努力。
(2024·重庆中考改编)
① The world's highest ski place, Chacaltaya, was closed after the 18,000 - year - old glacier melted (冰川融化) in 2009. Many scientists agree that the glaciers around the world could disappear in this century, much faster than we thought.
② As we all know, the reason for this is global warming. When a certain gas such as carbon dioxide (CO₂) is largely emitted (排放) into the atmosphere, it causes the greenhouse effect (效应) which makes the earth warmer.
③ As the earth becomes warmer, glaciers melt more quickly, and dark rocks are uncovered. Then these rocks take in more heat, causing the temperature to rise. As a result, the remaining snow on glaciers melts faster.
④ The effects of global warming will be far - reaching and often devastating (毁灭性的). While the melting of glaciers may flood some areas of the earth, in other places, it is making water disappear. An increasing number of heat waves and droughts (干旱) worldwide will also change the face of the world in the future.
⑤ Global warming is a real problem, and one largely caused by human activities. Solving the problem is not easy, and there is no single magic way. However, we can begin by lowering the amount of CO₂ in our daily lives.
⑥ Peter Miller, along with his wife, took part in a scientific test to see how much CO₂ they could cut down in a month. The average (平均) USA household produces about 80 kilos of CO₂, which was more than twice the European average and almost five times the global average. Their final goal was to produce less CO₂ than most American families.
⑦ First, they found out how much CO₂ they were producing. Then they asked an expert for advice on how to reduce CO₂ emissions. According to the expert's advice, they made some changes to their house, replaced their lights, and changed some of their living habits. At the same time, they either biked, walked, or used public transportation. A month later, they saved 70% on electricity, 40% on gas, and drove half as much as others. Their daily CO₂ emissions were fewer than the USA average, at 32 kilos.
⑧ Protecting our planet starts small: change a light, open a window, walk or bike. With a little effort, and not much money, most of us can make a difference.
1. Why was the ski place, Chacaltaya, closed in 2009?
A. Because the ski place was too old.
B. Because few tourists came to this place.
C. Because the ski place was too high to reach.
D. Because the 18,000 - year - old glacier melted.
2. 新考法 写作手法 How does the writer show that Peter succeeded in the scientific test?
A. By listing numbers.
B. By asking questions.
C. By giving explanations.
D. By giving suggestions.
3. 新考法 图示理解 Which of the following can match the information in the passage?
A.
B.
C.
D.
答案：1-3 DAB
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了冰川融化、全球变暖的原因及影响，呼吁人们环保生活。
1. D 解析：细节理解题。根据“The world's highest ski place, Chacaltaya, was closed after the 18,000-year-old glacier melted in 2009.”可知，世界上海拔最高的滑雪场查卡塔雅滑雪场因为冰川于2009年融化而关闭。故选D。
2. A 解析：写作手法题。根据“A month later... at 32 kilos.”可知，作者通过列数字证明彼得在科学测试中成功了。故选A。
3. B 解析：图示理解题。根据“As the earth becomes warmer, glaciers melt more quickly, and dark rocks are uncovered. Then these rocks take in more heat, causing the temperature to rise. As a result, the remaining snow on glaciers melts faster.”可知，随着地球变暖，冰川迅速融化，深色岩石裸露出来。然后这些岩石吸收更多的热量，导致温度上升。结果，冰川上剩余的雪融化得更快。故选B。
4. ①4. ①→②③→④→⑤→⑥⑦→⑧ 解析：篇章结构题。分析文章内容可知，第一段介绍查卡塔雅滑雪场关闭这一事实；第二和第三段介绍原因；第四段介绍全球变暖的影响；第五段建议我们可以从减少日常生活中的二氧化碳排放量开始；第六和第七段介绍彼得·米勒和他的妻子的科学测试，来佐证减少二氧化碳排放量是有帮助的；第八段建议人们保护地球从小事做起。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了冰川融化、全球变暖的原因及影响，呼吁人们环保生活。
1. D 解析：细节理解题。根据“The world's highest ski place, Chacaltaya, was closed after the 18,000-year-old glacier melted in 2009.”可知，世界上海拔最高的滑雪场查卡塔雅滑雪场因为冰川于2009年融化而关闭。故选D。
2. A 解析：写作手法题。根据“A month later... at 32 kilos.”可知，作者通过列数字证明彼得在科学测试中成功了。故选A。
3. B 解析：图示理解题。根据“As the earth becomes warmer, glaciers melt more quickly, and dark rocks are uncovered. Then these rocks take in more heat, causing the temperature to rise. As a result, the remaining snow on glaciers melts faster.”可知，随着地球变暖，冰川迅速融化，深色岩石裸露出来。然后这些岩石吸收更多的热量，导致温度上升。结果，冰川上剩余的雪融化得更快。故选B。
4. ①4. ①→②③→④→⑤→⑥⑦→⑧ 解析：篇章结构题。分析文章内容可知，第一段介绍查卡塔雅滑雪场关闭这一事实；第二和第三段介绍原因；第四段介绍全球变暖的影响；第五段建议我们可以从减少日常生活中的二氧化碳排放量开始；第六和第七段介绍彼得·米勒和他的妻子的科学测试，来佐证减少二氧化碳排放量是有帮助的；第八段建议人们保护地球从小事做起。
解析：
【分析】
1. 第1题是细节理解题，解题时先锁定题干关键词“Chacaltaya, closed in 2009”，然后回到原文第①段定位对应语句，对比选项即可找到正确答案。
2. 第2题是写作手法判断题，需关注文中介绍Peter测试成果的段落（第⑦段），观察作者呈现结果的方式，通过识别段落中的数据信息，判断对应的写作手法。
3. 第3题是图示理解题，先梳理原文第③段描述的逻辑链：地球变暖→冰川快速融化→深色岩石裸露→岩石吸收更多热量→温度上升→剩余冰川雪更快融化，再匹配符合该逻辑的图示。
4. 篇章结构题需梳理各段落内容：①段引出冰川融化实例；②③段分析全球变暖及冰川加速融化的原因；④段介绍全球变暖的影响；⑤段提出从减少二氧化碳排放入手解决问题；⑥⑦段用Peter的测试实例佐证减排的可行性；⑧段呼吁从小事做起保护地球，据此梳理出段落结构。
【解析】
1. D 解析：细节理解题。根据第①段“The world's highest ski place, Chacaltaya, was closed after the 18,000-year-old glacier melted in 2009.”可知，查卡塔雅滑雪场因18000年历史的冰川融化而关闭，故选D。
2. A 解析：写作手法题。根据第⑦段“A month later, they saved 70% on electricity, 40% on gas, and drove half as much as others. Their daily CO₂ emissions were fewer than the USA average, at 32 kilos.”可知，作者通过列举具体数据来证明Peter的测试取得成功，故选A。
3. B 解析：图示理解题。根据第③段“As the earth becomes warmer, glaciers melt more quickly, and dark rocks are uncovered. Then these rocks take in more heat, causing the temperature to rise. As a result, the remaining snow on glaciers melts faster.”描述的循环逻辑，可知选项B的图示符合该内容，故选B。
4. ①→②③→④→⑤→⑥⑦→⑧ 解析：篇章结构题。梳理文章内容：①段以滑雪场关闭引出冰川融化现象；②③段阐述全球变暖及冰川加速融化的原因；④段说明全球变暖的深远影响；⑤段提出从减少日常二氧化碳排放入手解决问题；⑥⑦段通过Peter夫妇的测试实例展示减排效果；⑧段呼吁人们从小事做起保护地球，据此整理出篇章结构。
【答案】
1-3 DAB；篇章结构答案：①→②③→④→⑤→⑥⑦→⑧
【知识点】
细节理解题解法、写作手法判断、说明文逻辑梳理
【点评】
本文是一篇环保主题的说明文，结合真实实例与具体数据，清晰阐述全球变暖的原因、影响及应对方法。题目设置贴合中考新考法，既考查学生对文本细节的抓取能力，又考查对写作手法、逻辑关系的理解，引导学生关注环保议题，培养实际应用能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. 第1题是细节理解题，解题时先锁定题干关键词“Chacaltaya, closed in 2009”，然后回到原文第①段定位对应语句，对比选项即可找到正确答案。
2. 第2题是写作手法判断题，需关注文中介绍Peter测试成果的段落（第⑦段），观察作者呈现结果的方式，通过识别段落中的数据信息，判断对应的写作手法。
3. 第3题是图示理解题，先梳理原文第③段描述的逻辑链：地球变暖→冰川快速融化→深色岩石裸露→岩石吸收更多热量→温度上升→剩余冰川雪更快融化，再匹配符合该逻辑的图示。
4. 篇章结构题需梳理各段落内容：①段引出冰川融化实例；②③段分析全球变暖及冰川加速融化的原因；④段介绍全球变暖的影响；⑤段提出从减少二氧化碳排放入手解决问题；⑥⑦段用Peter的测试实例佐证减排的可行性；⑧段呼吁从小事做起保护地球，据此梳理出段落结构。
【解析】
1. D 解析：细节理解题。根据第①段“The world's highest ski place, Chacaltaya, was closed after the 18,000-year-old glacier melted in 2009.”可知，查卡塔雅滑雪场因18000年历史的冰川融化而关闭，故选D。
2. A 解析：写作手法题。根据第⑦段“A month later, they saved 70% on electricity, 40% on gas, and drove half as much as others. Their daily CO₂ emissions were fewer than the USA average, at 32 kilos.”可知，作者通过列举具体数据来证明Peter的测试取得成功，故选A。
3. B 解析：图示理解题。根据第③段“As the earth becomes warmer, glaciers melt more quickly, and dark rocks are uncovered. Then these rocks take in more heat, causing the temperature to rise. As a result, the remaining snow on glaciers melts faster.”描述的循环逻辑，可知选项B的图示符合该内容，故选B。
4. ①→②③→④→⑤→⑥⑦→⑧ 解析：篇章结构题。梳理文章内容：①段以滑雪场关闭引出冰川融化现象；②③段阐述全球变暖及冰川加速融化的原因；④段说明全球变暖的深远影响；⑤段提出从减少日常二氧化碳排放入手解决问题；⑥⑦段通过Peter夫妇的测试实例展示减排效果；⑧段呼吁人们从小事做起保护地球，据此整理出篇章结构。
【答案】
1-3 DAB；篇章结构答案：①→②③→④→⑤→⑥⑦→⑧
【知识点】
细节理解题解法、写作手法判断、说明文逻辑梳理
【点评】
本文是一篇环保主题的说明文，结合真实实例与具体数据，清晰阐述全球变暖的原因、影响及应对方法。题目设置贴合中考新考法，既考查学生对文本细节的抓取能力，又考查对写作手法、逻辑关系的理解，引导学生关注环保议题，培养实际应用能力。
【难度系数】
0.6