Ⅳ. 阅读与回答问题
根据短文内容，回答下列问题。
新素材 食物选择影响环境 In our consumer - driven world, the connection between food and the land is often lost. What we eat and how we grow food directly influence climate change, which in turn affects crop yield and health.
In 1860, Cincinnati was a pork production powerhouse, well - known in a bad way as Porkopolis in Ohio, the United States. The local people were upset and angry with the pollutants let out by the slaughterhouse(屠宰场) industry, saying, “Deer Creek(the local river), often running red... was a terrible and dirty pool.” So many people complained(投诉、抱怨) about it that the slaughterhouses finally moved to other places.
Today, food production accounts for about 25％ of all global greenhouse gas emissions(排放). Across the US, cattle farming was one of the significant(重大的) causes of greenhouse gas production and global deforestation among food production. Research suggests that if Americans were able to replace beef with beans as a source of protein(蛋白质), we would meet the goals in the Paris Climate Agreement. Although space can and should be held for culturally significant foods that are made with animal products, replacing them effectively with a plant - based alternative(替代物) makes a difference. A plant - based diet is not only environmentally smart. Studies have shown that plant - based diets are better for your heart and your brain, and they lower the risk of cardiovascular disease and dementia, particularly in the elderly. By developing a plant - based diet, you can lower your carbon footprint from food by 70％.
Reducing food waste is another influential way to lower food - related emissions. Food waste accounts for 8—10％ of global greenhouse gas emissions. You can cut your food waste by saving leftovers and buying food that does not go bad quickly, like frozen vegetables. You can also reduce the distance your food travels and the need for extra packaging and cold storage by buying food at farmers' markets. Buying local food has the additional benefit of supporting local farmers and food producers. Taking part in a community garden is also an excellent way to make sure that the food you eat is nutritious and low - emission while building relationships, food access, and green spaces in your neighbourhood.
1. Why did slaughterhouses in Cincinnati move?
2. How can Americans meet the goals in the Paris Climate Agreement according to research?
3. How much can a plant - based diet reduce carbon footprint?
4. What extra benefits does buying local food have?
5. How do you try to reduce food waste at home?
根据短文内容，回答下列问题。
新素材 食物选择影响环境 In our consumer - driven world, the connection between food and the land is often lost. What we eat and how we grow food directly influence climate change, which in turn affects crop yield and health.
In 1860, Cincinnati was a pork production powerhouse, well - known in a bad way as Porkopolis in Ohio, the United States. The local people were upset and angry with the pollutants let out by the slaughterhouse(屠宰场) industry, saying, “Deer Creek(the local river), often running red... was a terrible and dirty pool.” So many people complained(投诉、抱怨) about it that the slaughterhouses finally moved to other places.
Today, food production accounts for about 25％ of all global greenhouse gas emissions(排放). Across the US, cattle farming was one of the significant(重大的) causes of greenhouse gas production and global deforestation among food production. Research suggests that if Americans were able to replace beef with beans as a source of protein(蛋白质), we would meet the goals in the Paris Climate Agreement. Although space can and should be held for culturally significant foods that are made with animal products, replacing them effectively with a plant - based alternative(替代物) makes a difference. A plant - based diet is not only environmentally smart. Studies have shown that plant - based diets are better for your heart and your brain, and they lower the risk of cardiovascular disease and dementia, particularly in the elderly. By developing a plant - based diet, you can lower your carbon footprint from food by 70％.
Reducing food waste is another influential way to lower food - related emissions. Food waste accounts for 8—10％ of global greenhouse gas emissions. You can cut your food waste by saving leftovers and buying food that does not go bad quickly, like frozen vegetables. You can also reduce the distance your food travels and the need for extra packaging and cold storage by buying food at farmers' markets. Buying local food has the additional benefit of supporting local farmers and food producers. Taking part in a community garden is also an excellent way to make sure that the food you eat is nutritious and low - emission while building relationships, food access, and green spaces in your neighbourhood.
1. Why did slaughterhouses in Cincinnati move?
Because of people's complaints about the pollutants./ Because so many people complained about the pollutants.
2. How can Americans meet the goals in the Paris Climate Agreement according to research?
By replacing beef with beans as a source of protein.
3. How much can a plant - based diet reduce carbon footprint?
By 70%.
4. What extra benefits does buying local food have?
Supporting local farmers and producers.
5. How do you try to reduce food waste at home?
I share extra food with my neighbours. (言之有理即可)
答案：Ⅳ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，通过历史案例和当下数据，指出食品生产对气候的影响，并给出以“植物性饮食”和“减少食物浪费”为主的应对方法。
1. Because of people's complaints about the pollutants./ Because so many people complained about the pollutants.
解析: 根据第二段“The local people were upset and angry with the pollutants ... So many people complained about ... moved to other places.”可知当地居民对屠宰场的污染物的投诉使其搬离。
2. By replacing beef with beans as a source of protein. 解析: 根据第三段“Research suggests that if Americans were able to replace beef with beans as a source of protein, we would meet the goals in the Paris climate Agreement.”若美国人能将牛肉替换为豆类作为蛋白质来源，便能达成《巴黎气候协定》中的相关目标。
3. By 70%. 解析: 根据第三段“By developing a plant-based diet, you can lower your carbon footprint from food by 70%.”可知可减少 70%。
4. Supporting local farmers and producers. 解析: 根据第四段“Buying local food has the additional benefit of supporting local farmers and food producers.”可知购买本地食品的额外好处是能为当地农民和食品生产者提供支持。
5. I share extra food with my neighbours. (言之有理即可)
1. Because of people's complaints about the pollutants./ Because so many people complained about the pollutants.
解析: 根据第二段“The local people were upset and angry with the pollutants ... So many people complained about ... moved to other places.”可知当地居民对屠宰场的污染物的投诉使其搬离。
2. By replacing beef with beans as a source of protein. 解析: 根据第三段“Research suggests that if Americans were able to replace beef with beans as a source of protein, we would meet the goals in the Paris climate Agreement.”若美国人能将牛肉替换为豆类作为蛋白质来源，便能达成《巴黎气候协定》中的相关目标。
3. By 70%. 解析: 根据第三段“By developing a plant-based diet, you can lower your carbon footprint from food by 70%.”可知可减少 70%。
4. Supporting local farmers and producers. 解析: 根据第四段“Buying local food has the additional benefit of supporting local farmers and food producers.”可知购买本地食品的额外好处是能为当地农民和食品生产者提供支持。
5. I share extra food with my neighbours. (言之有理即可)
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇说明文类的阅读回答问题，解题思路如下：
1. 先通读全文，明确文章主旨是介绍食物选择对环境的影响及应对方法；
2. 针对每个具体问题，回到原文定位对应段落，提取关键信息：
第1题：锁定第二段，找到居民对屠宰场排放污染物的不满与投诉这一关键原因；
第2题：定位第三段的研究内容，找到替换牛肉为豆类作为蛋白质来源的相关表述；
第3题：在第三段中查找植物性饮食减少碳足迹的具体比例；
第4题：到第四段寻找购买本地食品的额外好处；
第5题：结合生活实际，给出合理减少食物浪费的做法即可。
3. 整理提取的信息，用简洁准确的语言组织答案，开放性问题保证表述合理。
【解析】
1. 根据第二段“The local people were upset and angry with the pollutants let out by the slaughterhouse industry... So many people complained about it that the slaughterhouses finally moved to other places.”可知，当地居民对屠宰场排放的污染物不满并进行大量投诉，这是屠宰场搬走的原因。
2. 根据第三段“Research suggests that if Americans were able to replace beef with beans as a source of protein, we would meet the goals in the Paris Climate Agreement.”可知，美国人通过用豆类替代牛肉作为蛋白质来源，就能达成《巴黎气候协定》的目标。
3. 根据第三段“By developing a plant-based diet, you can lower your carbon footprint from food by 70％.”可知，植物性饮食可以减少70%的食物碳足迹。
4. 根据第四段“Buying local food has the additional benefit of supporting local farmers and food producers.”可知，购买本地食品的额外好处是支持当地农民和食品生产者。
5. 这是开放性问题，结合生活实际作答即可，例如和邻居分享多余的食物，或者保存剩菜、购买不易变质的食物等。
【答案】
1. Because of people's complaints about the pollutants./ Because so many people complained about the pollutants.
2. By replacing beef with beans as a source of protein.
3. By 70%.
4. Supporting local farmers and producers.
5. I share extra food with my neighbours. (言之有理即可)
【知识点】
细节理解题、开放性问答题、说明文阅读
【点评】
本文围绕食物与环境的关系展开，结合历史案例与现实数据，内容贴近环保热点。题目既考查学生精准提取原文细节信息的能力，又通过开放性问题引导学生结合生活实际思考，有助于提升学生的信息获取能力与环保意识。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇说明文类的阅读回答问题，解题思路如下：
1. 先通读全文，明确文章主旨是介绍食物选择对环境的影响及应对方法；
2. 针对每个具体问题，回到原文定位对应段落，提取关键信息：
第1题：锁定第二段，找到居民对屠宰场排放污染物的不满与投诉这一关键原因；
第2题：定位第三段的研究内容，找到替换牛肉为豆类作为蛋白质来源的相关表述；
第3题：在第三段中查找植物性饮食减少碳足迹的具体比例；
第4题：到第四段寻找购买本地食品的额外好处；
第5题：结合生活实际，给出合理减少食物浪费的做法即可。
3. 整理提取的信息，用简洁准确的语言组织答案，开放性问题保证表述合理。
【解析】
1. 根据第二段“The local people were upset and angry with the pollutants let out by the slaughterhouse industry... So many people complained about it that the slaughterhouses finally moved to other places.”可知，当地居民对屠宰场排放的污染物不满并进行大量投诉，这是屠宰场搬走的原因。
2. 根据第三段“Research suggests that if Americans were able to replace beef with beans as a source of protein, we would meet the goals in the Paris Climate Agreement.”可知，美国人通过用豆类替代牛肉作为蛋白质来源，就能达成《巴黎气候协定》的目标。
3. 根据第三段“By developing a plant-based diet, you can lower your carbon footprint from food by 70％.”可知，植物性饮食可以减少70%的食物碳足迹。
4. 根据第四段“Buying local food has the additional benefit of supporting local farmers and food producers.”可知，购买本地食品的额外好处是支持当地农民和食品生产者。
5. 这是开放性问题，结合生活实际作答即可，例如和邻居分享多余的食物，或者保存剩菜、购买不易变质的食物等。
【答案】
1. Because of people's complaints about the pollutants./ Because so many people complained about the pollutants.
2. By replacing beef with beans as a source of protein.
3. By 70%.
4. Supporting local farmers and producers.
5. I share extra food with my neighbours. (言之有理即可)
【知识点】
细节理解题、开放性问答题、说明文阅读
【点评】
本文围绕食物与环境的关系展开，结合历史案例与现实数据，内容贴近环保热点。题目既考查学生精准提取原文细节信息的能力，又通过开放性问题引导学生结合生活实际思考，有助于提升学生的信息获取能力与环保意识。
【难度系数】
0.7