Ⅳ. 短文还原(每题 2 分，满分 10 分)
从方框中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项多余。
跨学科 生物
No matter where you go，you’ll notice something special about the trees—the fact that their bottoms are painted white. At first glance，it could look like damage. After all，why would anyone paint the trunks of trees white? 1. And while it has been around for ages，people are still confused by this strange yet interesting phenomenon.
Generally speaking，the purpose of whitewashing is to protect the tree from heat and insects. 2. Let’s check them out!
Sun burnt. You might sometimes notice that some chunks of a tree’s bark buckle and look as if they are about to fall. In gardening terms，that process is called Winter Sun Scald or Southwest Injury and usually occurs during the tree’s beginning growth. But what causes this phenomenon? Simply put，Sun Scald happens in areas such as New Mexico，where there is intense(强烈的)sun exposure，and the temperatures vary wildly between day and night. 3. ______ In other words，once you whitewash your young trees，their trunks’ surfaces won’t get dry and cracked as easily anymore.
Heat protection. 4. Why? Because white paint acts as a protector that reflects the heat and allows trees to spend more time on transpiration(蒸腾作用)and growing their fruits. Additionally，when trees are cooler，they have less stress，which makes their stomata(气孔)stay open a bit longer for the exchange of gases. That’s extremely important because the more carbon dioxide the trees take in，the more energy they create.
5. More often than not，a tree’s bark will crack，allowing insects to creep inside. Once that happens，bacteria will feed on the tree’s inner body，preventing its growth and eventually killing it. As a result，whitewashing mixtures contain three parts water and one part interior latex paint(室内乳胶). The paint itself prevents insects from crawling up the tree and entering inside through the cracks.
A. Illness and pests.
B. Tree’s recovery.
C. People whitewash trees for a variety of reasons.
D. Fortunately，painting a tree’s trunk white is similar to adding sunscreen.
E. Yet，whitewashing is anything but that，as it is actually pretty important!
F. Painting the base of a young tree will also help it remain cool in the spring.
G. However，depending on the area，there are many other reasons for whitewashing the trees.
从方框中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项多余。
跨学科 生物
No matter where you go，you’ll notice something special about the trees—the fact that their bottoms are painted white. At first glance，it could look like damage. After all，why would anyone paint the trunks of trees white? 1. And while it has been around for ages，people are still confused by this strange yet interesting phenomenon.
Generally speaking，the purpose of whitewashing is to protect the tree from heat and insects. 2. Let’s check them out!
Sun burnt. You might sometimes notice that some chunks of a tree’s bark buckle and look as if they are about to fall. In gardening terms，that process is called Winter Sun Scald or Southwest Injury and usually occurs during the tree’s beginning growth. But what causes this phenomenon? Simply put，Sun Scald happens in areas such as New Mexico，where there is intense(强烈的)sun exposure，and the temperatures vary wildly between day and night. 3. ______ In other words，once you whitewash your young trees，their trunks’ surfaces won’t get dry and cracked as easily anymore.
Heat protection. 4. Why? Because white paint acts as a protector that reflects the heat and allows trees to spend more time on transpiration(蒸腾作用)and growing their fruits. Additionally，when trees are cooler，they have less stress，which makes their stomata(气孔)stay open a bit longer for the exchange of gases. That’s extremely important because the more carbon dioxide the trees take in，the more energy they create.
5. More often than not，a tree’s bark will crack，allowing insects to creep inside. Once that happens，bacteria will feed on the tree’s inner body，preventing its growth and eventually killing it. As a result，whitewashing mixtures contain three parts water and one part interior latex paint(室内乳胶). The paint itself prevents insects from crawling up the tree and entering inside through the cracks.
A. Illness and pests.
B. Tree’s recovery.
C. People whitewash trees for a variety of reasons.
D. Fortunately，painting a tree’s trunk white is similar to adding sunscreen.
E. Yet，whitewashing is anything but that，as it is actually pretty important!
F. Painting the base of a young tree will also help it remain cool in the spring.
G. However，depending on the area，there are many other reasons for whitewashing the trees.
答案：Ⅳ. 1 - 5 EGDPA
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了树木底部被涂成白色的原因。
1. E 解析: 根据上文“At first glance, it could look like damage. After all, why would anyone paint the trunks of trees white?”可知此处表示疑问,人们以为这是一种破坏。选项 E“然而,把树涂成白色绝非如此,因为它实际上非常重要!”承接上文。故选 E。
2. G 解析: 根据上文“Generally speaking, the purpose of whitewashing is to protect the tree from heat and insects.”可知,此处提到了把树涂成白色的一个原因。选项 G“然而,根据地区不同,把树涂成白色还有很多其他原因。”引出下文对把树涂成白色其他原因的介绍。故选 G。
3. D 解析: 根据上文“Simply put, Sun Scald happens in areas such as New Mexico, where there is intense sun exposure, and the temperatures vary wildly between day and night.”可知,此处提到了日灼发生的原因,即阳光强烈。选项 D“幸运的是,把树干涂成白色就像涂防晒霜一样。”承接上文,解释了保护作用。故选 D。
4. F 解析: 根据下文“Because white paint acts as a protector that reflects the heat and allows trees to spend more time on transpiration and growing their fruits.”可知,此处提到了白色油漆可以反射热量,使树木保持凉爽。选项 F“在春天,把一棵小树的底部涂成白色也有助于它保持凉爽。”引出下文,且“remain cool”与下文的“reflects the heat”相呼应。故选 F。
5. A 解析: 根据下文“More often than not, a tree's bark will crack, allowing insects to creep inside.”可知,此处提到了害虫对树木的危害。选项 A“疾病和害虫。”引出下文对害虫危害树木的具体描述,且“pests”与下文的“insects to creep inside”相呼应。故选 A。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了树木底部被涂成白色的原因。
1. E 解析: 根据上文“At first glance, it could look like damage. After all, why would anyone paint the trunks of trees white?”可知此处表示疑问,人们以为这是一种破坏。选项 E“然而,把树涂成白色绝非如此,因为它实际上非常重要!”承接上文。故选 E。
2. G 解析: 根据上文“Generally speaking, the purpose of whitewashing is to protect the tree from heat and insects.”可知,此处提到了把树涂成白色的一个原因。选项 G“然而,根据地区不同,把树涂成白色还有很多其他原因。”引出下文对把树涂成白色其他原因的介绍。故选 G。
3. D 解析: 根据上文“Simply put, Sun Scald happens in areas such as New Mexico, where there is intense sun exposure, and the temperatures vary wildly between day and night.”可知,此处提到了日灼发生的原因,即阳光强烈。选项 D“幸运的是,把树干涂成白色就像涂防晒霜一样。”承接上文,解释了保护作用。故选 D。
4. F 解析: 根据下文“Because white paint acts as a protector that reflects the heat and allows trees to spend more time on transpiration and growing their fruits.”可知,此处提到了白色油漆可以反射热量,使树木保持凉爽。选项 F“在春天,把一棵小树的底部涂成白色也有助于它保持凉爽。”引出下文,且“remain cool”与下文的“reflects the heat”相呼应。故选 F。
5. A 解析: 根据下文“More often than not, a tree's bark will crack, allowing insects to creep inside.”可知,此处提到了害虫对树木的危害。选项 A“疾病和害虫。”引出下文对害虫危害树木的具体描述,且“pests”与下文的“insects to creep inside”相呼应。故选 A。
解析：
【分析】
首先需通读全文，明确本文主旨为介绍树木底部涂白的多种原因。解题时要紧扣上下文逻辑关系，通过转折、承接、总分等关联来匹配选项：
1. 第一空上文提出“树木涂白像破坏行为”的疑问，需用转折句否定该看法，引出涂白的重要性；
2. 第二空上文提及涂白的普遍目的，下文要介绍其他原因，需选能引出后续内容的句子；
3. 第三空上文讲解日灼现象的成因，需选能说明涂白可解决该问题的句子；
4. 第四空所在段落围绕“防热”展开，下文解释白色反射热量的作用，需选能引出该原理的句子；
5. 第五空下文描述昆虫、细菌对树木的危害，需选能概括该段落主题的选项。
【解析】
1. 选E：根据上文“At first glance, it could look like damage. After all, why would anyone paint the trunks of trees white?”，人们初期会误认为树木涂白是破坏行为，选项E“然而,把树涂成白色绝非如此,因为它实际上非常重要!”通过转折承接上文，否定错误认知，引出涂白的重要性，契合语境。
2. 选G：上文提到“Generally speaking，the purpose of whitewashing is to protect the tree from heat and insects.”，这是涂白的普遍目的，选项G“然而,根据地区不同,把树涂成白色还有很多其他原因。”起到承上启下的作用，引出下文对更多涂白原因的介绍。
3. 选D：上文介绍了日灼现象的成因是强烈日照和昼夜温差大，选项D“幸运的是,把树干涂成白色就像涂防晒霜一样。”形象地说明了涂白的防晒保护作用，承接上文，解决日灼问题，逻辑通顺。
4. 选F：下文解释白色油漆能反射热量，帮助树木进行蒸腾作用和结果，选项F“在春天,把一棵小树的底部涂成白色也有助于它保持凉爽。”引出下文的原理说明，其中“remain cool”与下文“reflects the heat”相呼应，衔接紧密。
5. 选A：下文提到树皮开裂让昆虫侵入、细菌危害树木生长，选项A“疾病和害虫。”概括了该段落主题，引出下文具体描述，其中“pests”与下文“insects”相呼应，符合语境。
【答案】
1 - 5 EGDPA
【知识点】
1. 说明文语篇逻辑
2. 上下文衔接推理
3. 树木防护常识
【点评】
本题是跨学科（生物）的说明文短文还原题，既考查英语语篇的逻辑衔接能力，又结合生物学科中树木防护的相关知识。解题需准确把握上下文转折、承接等逻辑关系，同时理解树木涂白的生物学原理，对学生综合能力有一定要求。
【难度系数】
0.6
首先需通读全文，明确本文主旨为介绍树木底部涂白的多种原因。解题时要紧扣上下文逻辑关系，通过转折、承接、总分等关联来匹配选项：
1. 第一空上文提出“树木涂白像破坏行为”的疑问，需用转折句否定该看法，引出涂白的重要性；
2. 第二空上文提及涂白的普遍目的，下文要介绍其他原因，需选能引出后续内容的句子；
3. 第三空上文讲解日灼现象的成因，需选能说明涂白可解决该问题的句子；
4. 第四空所在段落围绕“防热”展开，下文解释白色反射热量的作用，需选能引出该原理的句子；
5. 第五空下文描述昆虫、细菌对树木的危害，需选能概括该段落主题的选项。
【解析】
1. 选E：根据上文“At first glance, it could look like damage. After all, why would anyone paint the trunks of trees white?”，人们初期会误认为树木涂白是破坏行为，选项E“然而,把树涂成白色绝非如此,因为它实际上非常重要!”通过转折承接上文，否定错误认知，引出涂白的重要性，契合语境。
2. 选G：上文提到“Generally speaking，the purpose of whitewashing is to protect the tree from heat and insects.”，这是涂白的普遍目的，选项G“然而,根据地区不同,把树涂成白色还有很多其他原因。”起到承上启下的作用，引出下文对更多涂白原因的介绍。
3. 选D：上文介绍了日灼现象的成因是强烈日照和昼夜温差大，选项D“幸运的是,把树干涂成白色就像涂防晒霜一样。”形象地说明了涂白的防晒保护作用，承接上文，解决日灼问题，逻辑通顺。
4. 选F：下文解释白色油漆能反射热量，帮助树木进行蒸腾作用和结果，选项F“在春天,把一棵小树的底部涂成白色也有助于它保持凉爽。”引出下文的原理说明，其中“remain cool”与下文“reflects the heat”相呼应，衔接紧密。
5. 选A：下文提到树皮开裂让昆虫侵入、细菌危害树木生长，选项A“疾病和害虫。”概括了该段落主题，引出下文具体描述，其中“pests”与下文“insects”相呼应，符合语境。
【答案】
1 - 5 EGDPA
【知识点】
1. 说明文语篇逻辑
2. 上下文衔接推理
3. 树木防护常识
【点评】
本题是跨学科（生物）的说明文短文还原题，既考查英语语篇的逻辑衔接能力，又结合生物学科中树木防护的相关知识。解题需准确把握上下文转折、承接等逻辑关系，同时理解树木涂白的生物学原理，对学生综合能力有一定要求。
【难度系数】
0.6