Ⅴ. 综合填空(每题1分,满分10分)
根据短文内容,在空格上填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
People always say the music from their younger years is the best compared to other times. So far，scientists 1.
According to the research，the memory bump means that our memories from ages 10 to 30 are particularly strong. This period 2.
More importantly，"music is episodic(片段的)"，Professor Robert Cutietta at the University of Southern California said. "If you look at 5.
Music from our younger years 7.
Sometimes，with a change in experience，the 9.
根据短文内容,在空格上填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
People always say the music from their younger years is the best compared to other times. So far，scientists 1.
have done
(do)some research. They have found this may be due to something called the "memory bump(记忆隆起)".According to the research，the memory bump means that our memories from ages 10 to 30 are particularly strong. This period 2.
heavily
(heavy)influences our favourite books，films，and especially music. This is 3. because
musical memories are stored in a "safe" area of the brain，which is more protected against age-related conditions. As a result，the music we listen to 4. during
these years is often remembered more fondly(充满感情地)than music from other periods in our lives.More importantly，"music is episodic(片段的)"，Professor Robert Cutietta at the University of Southern California said. "If you look at 5.
an
artwork or something，you can look at it and leave at any time. Music is over time." That means music is 6. connected
(connect)with episodes in your life.Music from our younger years 7.
creates
(create)strong feelings，mixing happy and sad feelings when we listen to it. When the songs are related to your experiences and you listen to them again，memories of those experiences 8. will come
(come)back.Sometimes，with a change in experience，the 9.
sadness
(sad)you felt before when listening to a song can later turn into joy. This can explain why listening to something from a harder time in your 10. younger
(young)life can bring a sense of relief now.答案：1. have done 2. heavily 3. because 4. during 5. an 6. connected 7. creates 8. will come 9. sadness 10. younger
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，探讨了为什么人们总是认为年轻时的音乐是最好的。
1. have done 解析：根据“So far”可知用现在完成时，主语是复数，此处用 have done。故填 have done。
2. heavily 解析：句意：这段时期极大地影响了我们最喜欢的书籍、电影，尤其是音乐。此处用副词修饰动词。故填 heavily。
3. because 解析：前文提出“这段时期极大地影响了我们最喜欢的书籍、电影，尤其是音乐”，后文解释“音乐记忆储存在大脑的‘安全区’”，前后是因果关系，用“because”引导原因状语从句。故填 because。
4. during 解析：结合上下文，此处指“在这些年期间”，需要介词表示“在……期间”。故填 during。
5. an 解析：分析句子语法结构可知此处缺少冠词，且 artwork 是泛指，故用不定代词，发音以元音音素开头。故填 an。
6. connected 解析：固定搭配“be connected with”表示“与……相关联”，此处是被动语态，需用“connect”的过去分词形式“connected”，故填 connected。
7. creates 解析：主语 Music 是不可数名词，谓语用动词第三人称单数形式。故填 creates。
8. will come 解析：句中“when”引导时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时，主句需用一般将来时。故填 will come。
9. sadness 解析：the 后用名词，sadness“悲伤”。故填 sadness。
10. younger 解析：根据“harder”可知此处用形容词比较级 younger。故填 younger。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，探讨了为什么人们总是认为年轻时的音乐是最好的。
1. have done 解析：根据“So far”可知用现在完成时，主语是复数，此处用 have done。故填 have done。
2. heavily 解析：句意：这段时期极大地影响了我们最喜欢的书籍、电影，尤其是音乐。此处用副词修饰动词。故填 heavily。
3. because 解析：前文提出“这段时期极大地影响了我们最喜欢的书籍、电影，尤其是音乐”，后文解释“音乐记忆储存在大脑的‘安全区’”，前后是因果关系，用“because”引导原因状语从句。故填 because。
4. during 解析：结合上下文，此处指“在这些年期间”，需要介词表示“在……期间”。故填 during。
5. an 解析：分析句子语法结构可知此处缺少冠词，且 artwork 是泛指，故用不定代词，发音以元音音素开头。故填 an。
6. connected 解析：固定搭配“be connected with”表示“与……相关联”，此处是被动语态，需用“connect”的过去分词形式“connected”，故填 connected。
7. creates 解析：主语 Music 是不可数名词，谓语用动词第三人称单数形式。故填 creates。
8. will come 解析：句中“when”引导时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时，主句需用一般将来时。故填 will come。
9. sadness 解析：the 后用名词，sadness“悲伤”。故填 sadness。
10. younger 解析：根据“harder”可知此处用形容词比较级 younger。故填 younger。
解析：
【分析】
首先要通读全文，理解文章主旨是探讨人们认为年轻时的音乐最好的原因，再逐个结合语法规则、语境和固定搭配分析空格：
1. 看到时间状语“So far”，立刻联想到现在完成时的标志，主语scientists是复数，确定用have done；
2. 空格处要修饰动词influences，修饰动词需用副词，因此把heavy转换为副词heavily；
3. 前文讲这段时期影响我们的喜好，后文解释该现象的原因，前后是因果关系，用because引导原因状语从句；
4. 根据语境，此处表示“在这些年期间”，需用介词during；
5. artwork是泛指的可数名词单数，且发音以元音音素开头，所以用不定冠词an；
6. 固定搭配“be connected with”表示“与……相关联”，因此填connected；
7. 主语Music是不可数名词，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，故填creates；
8. when引导时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时，主句要用一般将来时，所以填will come；
9. 定冠词the后面需要接名词，sad的名词形式是sadness；
10. 前文出现比较级“harder”，此处需对应使用形容词比较级，故用young的比较级younger。
【解析】
1. have done：根据时间状语“So far”（到目前为止），可知句子要用现在完成时，结构为“have/has+动词过去分词”，主语scientists是复数，故填have done。
2. heavily：此处需要修饰动词influences，修饰动词要用副词，heavy的副词形式是heavily，故填heavily。
3. because：前文指出这段时期对我们的喜好影响很大，后文解释这一现象的原因，前后为因果关系，用because引导原因状语从句，故填because。
4. during：结合语境，此处表示“在这些年期间”，during意为“在……期间”，符合语境，故填during。
5. an：artwork是可数名词单数，此处表泛指，且其发音以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an，故填an。
6. connected：固定短语“be connected with”意为“与……相关联”，此处是被动语态结构，故填connected。
7. creates：主语Music是不可数名词，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，create的第三人称单数是creates，故填creates。
8. will come：when引导时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时，主句要用一般将来时，结构为“will+动词原形”，故填will come。
9. sadness：定冠词the后需接名词，sad的名词形式是sadness，意为“悲伤”，故填sadness。
10. younger：根据前文的“harder”可知，此处需用形容词比较级，young的比较级是younger，故填younger。
【答案】
1. have done 2. heavily 3. because 4. during 5. an 6. connected 7. creates 8. will come 9. sadness 10. younger
【知识点】
现在完成时态、副词修饰动词、固定短语搭配
【点评】
本文是一篇说明文，围绕“记忆隆起”现象解释了人们偏爱年轻时所听音乐的原因。题目考查了时态、词性转换、固定搭配、冠词用法等多个语法知识点，要求学生在理解语篇的基础上，结合语法规则完成填空，注重对学生综合语言运用能力的考查。
【难度系数】
0.6
首先要通读全文，理解文章主旨是探讨人们认为年轻时的音乐最好的原因，再逐个结合语法规则、语境和固定搭配分析空格：
1. 看到时间状语“So far”，立刻联想到现在完成时的标志，主语scientists是复数，确定用have done；
2. 空格处要修饰动词influences，修饰动词需用副词，因此把heavy转换为副词heavily；
3. 前文讲这段时期影响我们的喜好，后文解释该现象的原因，前后是因果关系，用because引导原因状语从句；
4. 根据语境，此处表示“在这些年期间”，需用介词during；
5. artwork是泛指的可数名词单数，且发音以元音音素开头，所以用不定冠词an；
6. 固定搭配“be connected with”表示“与……相关联”，因此填connected；
7. 主语Music是不可数名词，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，故填creates；
8. when引导时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时，主句要用一般将来时，所以填will come；
9. 定冠词the后面需要接名词，sad的名词形式是sadness；
10. 前文出现比较级“harder”，此处需对应使用形容词比较级，故用young的比较级younger。
【解析】
1. have done：根据时间状语“So far”（到目前为止），可知句子要用现在完成时，结构为“have/has+动词过去分词”，主语scientists是复数，故填have done。
2. heavily：此处需要修饰动词influences，修饰动词要用副词，heavy的副词形式是heavily，故填heavily。
3. because：前文指出这段时期对我们的喜好影响很大，后文解释这一现象的原因，前后为因果关系，用because引导原因状语从句，故填because。
4. during：结合语境，此处表示“在这些年期间”，during意为“在……期间”，符合语境，故填during。
5. an：artwork是可数名词单数，此处表泛指，且其发音以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an，故填an。
6. connected：固定短语“be connected with”意为“与……相关联”，此处是被动语态结构，故填connected。
7. creates：主语Music是不可数名词，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，create的第三人称单数是creates，故填creates。
8. will come：when引导时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时，主句要用一般将来时，结构为“will+动词原形”，故填will come。
9. sadness：定冠词the后需接名词，sad的名词形式是sadness，意为“悲伤”，故填sadness。
10. younger：根据前文的“harder”可知，此处需用形容词比较级，young的比较级是younger，故填younger。
【答案】
1. have done 2. heavily 3. because 4. during 5. an 6. connected 7. creates 8. will come 9. sadness 10. younger
【知识点】
现在完成时态、副词修饰动词、固定短语搭配
【点评】
本文是一篇说明文，围绕“记忆隆起”现象解释了人们偏爱年轻时所听音乐的原因。题目考查了时态、词性转换、固定搭配、冠词用法等多个语法知识点，要求学生在理解语篇的基础上，结合语法规则完成填空，注重对学生综合语言运用能力的考查。
【难度系数】
0.6
Ⅵ. 任务型阅读(每题1分,满分10分)
阅读并根据下面的短文,在表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
Maps mark seas，countries，cities and our homes，and guide us through the world. To know them better，let's take a look at how maps have changed over the centuries.
Many ancient countries used maps. One of the first is thought to have been drawn on the wall in Lascaux，France，around 16，500 years ago. Hidden among the drawings of birds and bulls(公牛)is a map of the stars. The Babylonian Map of the World is the oldest known earthly map，which shows Babylon and its neighbouring towns on the stone.
Claudius Ptolemy made maps go worldwide. Born in Egypt around 100 CE，he was the first person to try to make a world map. With the help of Maths，Ptolemy marked around 10，000 locations from Britain to Asia and Africa.
Perhaps the most commonly used world map is the Mercator projection. It was introduced in 1569 by Gerardus Mercator. An important part of maps is the imaginary lines of longitude，latitude and the equator(赤道).
Mercator took the globe and made it flat，but to do this，he had to make the areas further north and south larger，while the areas nearer the middle stay about the right size. The reason for this is that the Earth is like a ball，but a map is flat. It is easy to find places，but some people said it was unfair because places，including Canada，the UK and Europe，appeared much bigger than they really were.
In the 19th and 20th centuries，modern technology allowed mapmakers to produce maps showing locations exactly. Today，many people view maps on their phones. Researchers are working to map the floor of the oceans and to locate every tree on Earth. Scientists are also trying to map the past by using the James Webb Space Telescope(JWST). This invention will collect light from stars and may find the secrets about the beginning of the universe(宇宙).
阅读并根据下面的短文,在表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
Maps mark seas，countries，cities and our homes，and guide us through the world. To know them better，let's take a look at how maps have changed over the centuries.
Many ancient countries used maps. One of the first is thought to have been drawn on the wall in Lascaux，France，around 16，500 years ago. Hidden among the drawings of birds and bulls(公牛)is a map of the stars. The Babylonian Map of the World is the oldest known earthly map，which shows Babylon and its neighbouring towns on the stone.
Claudius Ptolemy made maps go worldwide. Born in Egypt around 100 CE，he was the first person to try to make a world map. With the help of Maths，Ptolemy marked around 10，000 locations from Britain to Asia and Africa.
Perhaps the most commonly used world map is the Mercator projection. It was introduced in 1569 by Gerardus Mercator. An important part of maps is the imaginary lines of longitude，latitude and the equator(赤道).
Mercator took the globe and made it flat，but to do this，he had to make the areas further north and south larger，while the areas nearer the middle stay about the right size. The reason for this is that the Earth is like a ball，but a map is flat. It is easy to find places，but some people said it was unfair because places，including Canada，the UK and Europe，appeared much bigger than they really were.
In the 19th and 20th centuries，modern technology allowed mapmakers to produce maps showing locations exactly. Today，many people view maps on their phones. Researchers are working to map the floor of the oceans and to locate every tree on Earth. Scientists are also trying to map the past by using the James Webb Space Telescope(JWST). This invention will collect light from stars and may find the secrets about the beginning of the universe(宇宙).
答案：1. History/Development/Changes 2. geography 3. stars 4. oldest 5. World 6. Maths 7. improvement/improving 8. modern 9. phone 10. Earth
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了地图的发展历程。
1. History/Development/Changes 解析：通读全文，文章主要介绍了地图的历史演变（从古地图到现代地图），故表格主题为“地图的历史/发展/变化”，History/Development/Changes 均符合，首字母大写，故填 History/Development/Changes。
2. geography 解析：根据原文“Maps mark seas, countries, cities and our homes”，可知地图提供“地理”信息，geography（地理）符合语境，故填 geography。
3. stars 解析：根据原文“One of the first is thought to have been drawn on the wall in Lascaux, France, around 16,500 years ago. Hidden among the drawings of birds and bulls is a map of the stars.”可知最早的地图之一是“星图”，故填 stars。
4. oldest 解析：根据原文“The Babylonian Map of the World is the oldest known earthly map”可知巴比伦世界地图是“最古老的”地球地图，故填 oldest。
5. World 解析：根据右边表格“The first world map was drawn by using...”，可知此处介绍“世界”地图，故填 World。
6. Maths 解析：根据原文“With the help of Maths, Ptolemy marked around 10,000 locations from Britain to Asia and Africa.”可知第一幅世界地图是用“数学”绘制的，故填 Maths。
7. improvement/improving 解析：根据原文“it was unfair because places, including Canada, the UK and Europe, appeared much bigger than they really were”可知墨卡托投影地图仍需“改进”，improvement（改进，名词）或 improving（改进，动名词）均符合语境，故填 improvement/improving。
8. modern 解析：根据后文“modern technology allowed mapmakers to produce maps showing locations exactly”可知此处指“现代”技术，故填 modern。
9. phone 解析：根据原文“Today, many people view maps on their phones.”可知地图可在“手机”上使用，故填 phone。
10. Earth 解析：根据原文“Researchers are working to map the floor of the oceans and to locate every tree on Earth.”可知地图帮助我们更多地了解“地球”，故填 Earth。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了地图的发展历程。
1. History/Development/Changes 解析：通读全文，文章主要介绍了地图的历史演变（从古地图到现代地图），故表格主题为“地图的历史/发展/变化”，History/Development/Changes 均符合，首字母大写，故填 History/Development/Changes。
2. geography 解析：根据原文“Maps mark seas, countries, cities and our homes”，可知地图提供“地理”信息，geography（地理）符合语境，故填 geography。
3. stars 解析：根据原文“One of the first is thought to have been drawn on the wall in Lascaux, France, around 16,500 years ago. Hidden among the drawings of birds and bulls is a map of the stars.”可知最早的地图之一是“星图”，故填 stars。
4. oldest 解析：根据原文“The Babylonian Map of the World is the oldest known earthly map”可知巴比伦世界地图是“最古老的”地球地图，故填 oldest。
5. World 解析：根据右边表格“The first world map was drawn by using...”，可知此处介绍“世界”地图，故填 World。
6. Maths 解析：根据原文“With the help of Maths, Ptolemy marked around 10,000 locations from Britain to Asia and Africa.”可知第一幅世界地图是用“数学”绘制的，故填 Maths。
7. improvement/improving 解析：根据原文“it was unfair because places, including Canada, the UK and Europe, appeared much bigger than they really were”可知墨卡托投影地图仍需“改进”，improvement（改进，名词）或 improving（改进，动名词）均符合语境，故填 improvement/improving。
8. modern 解析：根据后文“modern technology allowed mapmakers to produce maps showing locations exactly”可知此处指“现代”技术，故填 modern。
9. phone 解析：根据原文“Today, many people view maps on their phones.”可知地图可在“手机”上使用，故填 phone。
10. Earth 解析：根据原文“Researchers are working to map the floor of the oceans and to locate every tree on Earth.”可知地图帮助我们更多地了解“地球”，故填 Earth。
解析：
【分析】
这是一道任务型阅读题，解题思路如下：
1. 首先通读全文，明确文章主旨是介绍地图从古代到现代的发展历程，以此确定表格的主题（第1空）。
2. 然后根据表格的板块划分，逐个定位原文对应内容：
针对“Maps provide us with information about...”，结合原文中地图标注的海洋、国家等内容，判断地图提供地理相关信息，确定第2空。
在“Ancient maps”板块，根据原文描述的最早地图和最古老地球地图的细节，提取对应关键词完成第3、4空。
第5空根据右侧内容围绕世界地图展开，确定板块名称。
针对世界地图的相关描述，从原文找到绘制第一幅世界地图的工具，以及墨卡托投影地图的不足，完成第6、7空。
在“Maps and...technology”板块，结合原文现代技术的相关内容确定第8空，再根据现代地图的使用场景和JWST的作用，完成第9、10空。
3. 最后检查每个空的单词是否符合语境，形式是否正确。
【解析】
1. 第1空：通读全文可知文章介绍了地图的历史演变与发展，表格主题为“地图的历史/发展/变化”，History/Development/Changes均符合要求，首字母大写，故填History/Development/Changes。
2. 第2空：根据原文“Maps mark seas, countries, cities and our homes”，这些内容都属于地理范畴，所以地图提供地理信息，填geography。
3. 第3空：根据原文“One of the first is thought to have been drawn on the wall in Lascaux, France, around 16,500 years ago. Hidden among the drawings of birds and bulls is a map of the stars.”可知最早的地图之一是星图，填stars。
4. 第4空：根据原文“The Babylonian Map of the World is the oldest known earthly map”，可知该地图是最古老的地球地图，填oldest。
5. 第5空：右侧内容围绕世界地图展开介绍，所以该板块是“World maps”，填World。
6. 第6空：根据原文“With the help of Maths, Ptolemy marked around 10,000 locations from Britain to Asia and Africa.”可知第一幅世界地图借助数学绘制，填Maths。
7. 第7空：根据原文“it was unfair because places, including Canada, the UK and Europe, appeared much bigger than they really were”，说明墨卡托投影地图存在不足，需要改进，improvement（名词）或improving（动名词）均符合语境，填improvement/improving。
8. 第8空：根据原文“modern technology allowed mapmakers to produce maps showing locations exactly”，可知该板块是地图与现代技术，填modern。
9. 第9空：根据原文“Today, many people view maps on their phones.”可知地图可在手机上使用，填phone。
10. 第10空：根据原文“Researchers are working to map the floor of the oceans and to locate every tree on Earth.”以及JWST的作用，可知地图帮助我们了解地球和宇宙，填Earth。
【答案】
1. History/Development/Changes
2. geography
3. stars
4. oldest
5. World
6. Maths
7. improvement/improving
8. modern
9. phone
10. Earth
【知识点】
1. 任务型信息提取
2. 说明文阅读理解
3. 细节定位能力
【点评】
本题是一篇介绍地图发展历程的说明文任务型阅读，主要考察学生对文章细节的定位和信息提取能力，需要学生能够快速在原文中找到对应内容并提炼关键词，同时要注意单词的形式和语境的匹配。
【难度系数】
0.6
这是一道任务型阅读题，解题思路如下：
1. 首先通读全文，明确文章主旨是介绍地图从古代到现代的发展历程，以此确定表格的主题（第1空）。
2. 然后根据表格的板块划分，逐个定位原文对应内容：
针对“Maps provide us with information about...”，结合原文中地图标注的海洋、国家等内容，判断地图提供地理相关信息，确定第2空。
在“Ancient maps”板块，根据原文描述的最早地图和最古老地球地图的细节，提取对应关键词完成第3、4空。
第5空根据右侧内容围绕世界地图展开，确定板块名称。
针对世界地图的相关描述，从原文找到绘制第一幅世界地图的工具，以及墨卡托投影地图的不足，完成第6、7空。
在“Maps and...technology”板块，结合原文现代技术的相关内容确定第8空，再根据现代地图的使用场景和JWST的作用，完成第9、10空。
3. 最后检查每个空的单词是否符合语境，形式是否正确。
【解析】
1. 第1空：通读全文可知文章介绍了地图的历史演变与发展，表格主题为“地图的历史/发展/变化”，History/Development/Changes均符合要求，首字母大写，故填History/Development/Changes。
2. 第2空：根据原文“Maps mark seas, countries, cities and our homes”，这些内容都属于地理范畴，所以地图提供地理信息，填geography。
3. 第3空：根据原文“One of the first is thought to have been drawn on the wall in Lascaux, France, around 16,500 years ago. Hidden among the drawings of birds and bulls is a map of the stars.”可知最早的地图之一是星图，填stars。
4. 第4空：根据原文“The Babylonian Map of the World is the oldest known earthly map”，可知该地图是最古老的地球地图，填oldest。
5. 第5空：右侧内容围绕世界地图展开介绍，所以该板块是“World maps”，填World。
6. 第6空：根据原文“With the help of Maths, Ptolemy marked around 10,000 locations from Britain to Asia and Africa.”可知第一幅世界地图借助数学绘制，填Maths。
7. 第7空：根据原文“it was unfair because places, including Canada, the UK and Europe, appeared much bigger than they really were”，说明墨卡托投影地图存在不足，需要改进，improvement（名词）或improving（动名词）均符合语境，填improvement/improving。
8. 第8空：根据原文“modern technology allowed mapmakers to produce maps showing locations exactly”，可知该板块是地图与现代技术，填modern。
9. 第9空：根据原文“Today, many people view maps on their phones.”可知地图可在手机上使用，填phone。
10. 第10空：根据原文“Researchers are working to map the floor of the oceans and to locate every tree on Earth.”以及JWST的作用，可知地图帮助我们了解地球和宇宙，填Earth。
【答案】
1. History/Development/Changes
2. geography
3. stars
4. oldest
5. World
6. Maths
7. improvement/improving
8. modern
9. phone
10. Earth
【知识点】
1. 任务型信息提取
2. 说明文阅读理解
3. 细节定位能力
【点评】
本题是一篇介绍地图发展历程的说明文任务型阅读，主要考察学生对文章细节的定位和信息提取能力，需要学生能够快速在原文中找到对应内容并提炼关键词，同时要注意单词的形式和语境的匹配。
【难度系数】
0.6