六、阅读以下两篇短文,判断正(T)误(F)。
(一) 新语篇 太空生活
Can you imagine astronauts' everyday life in space?
On the Earth, we put food on a plate because there's gravity(重力) on our Earth. But there's almost no gravity in space. So food will float(飘浮) away, and astronauts must eat carefully.
Sleeping is very different in space. Some astronauts like to float in the air, but most like to be in a sleeping bag. They tie the bag to a wall so that they won't float away.
Exercise is very important in space. Astronauts do not use their legs often there. This is bad for their legs. So they must do exercise for thirty minutes every day.
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(二)
Stephen Hawking died at home on 14th March, 2018. He is a very famous physicist(物理学家).
Hawking was born(出生) in England, on 8th January, 1942. When he was a child, Hawking went to school in a small city near London. He was a very lazy student, and did little work. But he still got good marks. After leaving high school, Hawking went to Oxford University to study physics first, and then went to Cambridge University to study the universe(宇宙).
At the age of 21, Hawking noticed there was something wrong with his body. He had a bad illness. He couldn't speak or move. Doctors said they had no way to help him and he would die before he was 23. But Hawking didn't give up. He worked hard and became very famous. In 1988, he finished his book A Brief History of Time(《时间简史》).
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(一) 新语篇 太空生活
Can you imagine astronauts' everyday life in space?
On the Earth, we put food on a plate because there's gravity(重力) on our Earth. But there's almost no gravity in space. So food will float(飘浮) away, and astronauts must eat carefully.
Sleeping is very different in space. Some astronauts like to float in the air, but most like to be in a sleeping bag. They tie the bag to a wall so that they won't float away.
Exercise is very important in space. Astronauts do not use their legs often there. This is bad for their legs. So they must do exercise for thirty minutes every day.
(
T
)1. On the Earth, people can put food on a plate because there's gravity on our Earth.(
T
)2. In space, astronauts must eat food carefully.(
F
)3. Some astronauts tie their sleeping bags to a wall because they want to get more air.(
T
)4. In space, astronauts do not use their legs often, so they must do exercise every day.(
T
)5. From this passage, we can know something about astronauts' life in space.(二)
Stephen Hawking died at home on 14th March, 2018. He is a very famous physicist(物理学家).
Hawking was born(出生) in England, on 8th January, 1942. When he was a child, Hawking went to school in a small city near London. He was a very lazy student, and did little work. But he still got good marks. After leaving high school, Hawking went to Oxford University to study physics first, and then went to Cambridge University to study the universe(宇宙).
At the age of 21, Hawking noticed there was something wrong with his body. He had a bad illness. He couldn't speak or move. Doctors said they had no way to help him and he would die before he was 23. But Hawking didn't give up. He worked hard and became very famous. In 1988, he finished his book A Brief History of Time(《时间简史》).
(
F
)1. Hawking died at the age of 66.(
T
)2. When Hawking was a child, he didn't work hard.(
F
)3. Hawking studied the universe at Oxford University.(
T
)4. The underlined phrase "give up" means "放弃" in Chinese.(
F
)5. The passage mainly(主要地) talks about Hawking's illness.答案：（一）1~5 TTFTT
（二）1~5 FTFTF
（二）1~5 FTFTF
解析：
【分析】
做这类判断正误题，解题思路是：先通读两篇短文，理解每段核心内容；然后逐个查看题目中的句子，回到原文找到对应的语句，通过对比细节、简单推理或计算来判断对错。
对于第一篇《太空生活》：
1. 找第一题对应原文的句子，对比表述是否一致；
2. 第二题看原文关于宇航员吃饭的描述；
3. 第三题重点关注睡袋绑墙的原因，和题目说法对比；
4. 第四题核对宇航员腿部使用情况和锻炼的关联；
5. 第五题判断短文是否围绕宇航员太空生活展开。
对于第二篇霍金的短文：
1. 第一题通过出生和去世年份计算年龄，判断对错；
2. 第二题找原文关于霍金小时候学习态度的描述；
3. 第三题核对他学习宇宙的大学；
4. 第四题结合语境猜测短语意思；
5. 第五题判断短文主要内容是否为霍金的疾病。
【解析】
（一）新语篇 太空生活
1. 原文第二段第一句明确提到“On the Earth, we put food on a plate because there's gravity(重力) on our Earth.”，与题目表述完全一致，故判断为T。
2. 根据原文第二段最后一句“So food will float(飘浮) away, and astronauts must eat carefully.”，可知题目表述正确，判断为T。
3. 原文第三段指出“They tie the bag to a wall so that they won't float away.”，题目中说原因是“想获得更多空气”，与原文不符，判断为F。
4. 原文第四段提到“Astronauts do not use their legs often there. This is bad for their legs. So they must do exercise for thirty minutes every day.”，题目表述符合原文逻辑，判断为T。
5. 短文分别介绍了宇航员在太空的饮食、睡眠、锻炼等生活内容，因此能了解到宇航员的太空生活，判断为T。
（二）霍金相关短文
1. 霍金1942年出生，2018年去世，2018-1942=76岁，题目说他66岁去世，表述错误，判断为F。
2. 原文第二段提到“He was a very lazy student, and did little work.”，说明他小时候学习不努力，题目表述正确，判断为T。
3. 根据原文第二段“After leaving high school, Hawking went to Oxford University to study physics first, and then went to Cambridge University to study the universe(宇宙).”，可知他在剑桥大学学习宇宙，不是牛津大学，题目表述错误，判断为F。
4. 结合语境，医生说霍金活不过23岁，但他坚持工作并成名，所以“give up”的中文意思是“放弃”，判断为T。
5. 短文主要介绍了霍金的生平、学业经历和成就，并非主要讲述他的疾病，题目表述错误，判断为F。
【答案】
（一）1~5 TTFTT
（二）1~5 FTFTF
【知识点】
阅读理解判断正误、细节信息查找、词义语境猜测
【点评】
这两篇阅读理解分别围绕太空生活和霍金生平展开，重点考查学生对文章细节的捕捉能力、简单计算能力和语境词义猜测能力。解题时需仔细比对原文与题目表述，避免因粗心忽略细节而出错。
【难度系数】
0.7
做这类判断正误题，解题思路是：先通读两篇短文，理解每段核心内容；然后逐个查看题目中的句子，回到原文找到对应的语句，通过对比细节、简单推理或计算来判断对错。
对于第一篇《太空生活》：
1. 找第一题对应原文的句子，对比表述是否一致；
2. 第二题看原文关于宇航员吃饭的描述；
3. 第三题重点关注睡袋绑墙的原因，和题目说法对比；
4. 第四题核对宇航员腿部使用情况和锻炼的关联；
5. 第五题判断短文是否围绕宇航员太空生活展开。
对于第二篇霍金的短文：
1. 第一题通过出生和去世年份计算年龄，判断对错；
2. 第二题找原文关于霍金小时候学习态度的描述；
3. 第三题核对他学习宇宙的大学；
4. 第四题结合语境猜测短语意思；
5. 第五题判断短文主要内容是否为霍金的疾病。
【解析】
（一）新语篇 太空生活
1. 原文第二段第一句明确提到“On the Earth, we put food on a plate because there's gravity(重力) on our Earth.”，与题目表述完全一致，故判断为T。
2. 根据原文第二段最后一句“So food will float(飘浮) away, and astronauts must eat carefully.”，可知题目表述正确，判断为T。
3. 原文第三段指出“They tie the bag to a wall so that they won't float away.”，题目中说原因是“想获得更多空气”，与原文不符，判断为F。
4. 原文第四段提到“Astronauts do not use their legs often there. This is bad for their legs. So they must do exercise for thirty minutes every day.”，题目表述符合原文逻辑，判断为T。
5. 短文分别介绍了宇航员在太空的饮食、睡眠、锻炼等生活内容，因此能了解到宇航员的太空生活，判断为T。
（二）霍金相关短文
1. 霍金1942年出生，2018年去世，2018-1942=76岁，题目说他66岁去世，表述错误，判断为F。
2. 原文第二段提到“He was a very lazy student, and did little work.”，说明他小时候学习不努力，题目表述正确，判断为T。
3. 根据原文第二段“After leaving high school, Hawking went to Oxford University to study physics first, and then went to Cambridge University to study the universe(宇宙).”，可知他在剑桥大学学习宇宙，不是牛津大学，题目表述错误，判断为F。
4. 结合语境，医生说霍金活不过23岁，但他坚持工作并成名，所以“give up”的中文意思是“放弃”，判断为T。
5. 短文主要介绍了霍金的生平、学业经历和成就，并非主要讲述他的疾病，题目表述错误，判断为F。
【答案】
（一）1~5 TTFTT
（二）1~5 FTFTF
【知识点】
阅读理解判断正误、细节信息查找、词义语境猜测
【点评】
这两篇阅读理解分别围绕太空生活和霍金生平展开，重点考查学生对文章细节的捕捉能力、简单计算能力和语境词义猜测能力。解题时需仔细比对原文与题目表述，避免因粗心忽略细节而出错。
【难度系数】
0.7