Ⅴ. (2025·连云港调研)用方框内所给单词或短语的适当形式填空
cheer sb up; awake; strange; be proud of; little by little; experience; on one's own; in one's way; powerful; produce
1. When night falls, the heat of the daytime will go away
2. Miss Wang has much
3. Mrs Rainbow advises that eating red food can
4. Parents
5. The young should be allowed to make their dreams come true
6. There was a lorry
7. The more
8. To finish the article on time, I drank some coffee to keep myself
9. This big factory
10. We don't know the girl. She is
cheer sb up; awake; strange; be proud of; little by little; experience; on one's own; in one's way; powerful; produce
1. When night falls, the heat of the daytime will go away
little by little
.2. Miss Wang has much
experience
of teaching English.3. Mrs Rainbow advises that eating red food can
cheer us up
when we feel tired.4. Parents
were proud of
their children because they passed the exam successfully.5. The young should be allowed to make their dreams come true
on their own
.6. There was a lorry
in my way
, so I was unable to arrive on time.7. The more
powerful
our country is, the wealthier the people will be.8. To finish the article on time, I drank some coffee to keep myself
awake
.9. This big factory
produced
thousands of mobile phones last year.10. We don't know the girl. She is
strange
to us.答案：1. little by little 2. experience 3. cheer us up 4. were proud of 5. on their own 6. in my way 7. powerful
8. awake 9. produced 10. strange
8. awake 9. produced 10. strange
解析：
【分析】
我们需要结合每个句子的语境，先理解句意，再根据所给单词/短语的含义、词性、固定搭配，以及句子的时态、人称呼应等要点来确定正确形式：
1. 第一句描述白天热量的消散过程，需要一个表示“逐渐”的短语，little by little符合语境，直接使用原形即可。
2. 第二句中much后接不可数名词，experience作“经验”讲为不可数名词，契合“教学经验”的语境。
3. 第三句情态动词can后接动词原形，结合“累的时候需要振作”的语境，cheer sb up中sb要对应句中的we，所以用cheer us up。
4. 第四句从句用一般过去时，主句时态需保持一致，主语parents是复数，be动词用were，be proud of表示“为……骄傲”符合句意。
5. 第五句on one's own表示“独自”，句中主语the young是复数群体，所以one's替换为their。
6. 第六句in one's way表示“挡路”，句中主语是I，因此one's用my。
7. 第七句是“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，前面已有more，直接填powerful原形即可，符合“国家强大”的语境。
8. 第八句keep sb +形容词是固定搭配，awake作为形容词表示“醒着的”，契合“保持清醒”的需求。
9. 第九句时间状语last year提示用一般过去时，produce的过去式是produced。
10. 第十句be动词后接形容词作表语，结合“不认识女孩”的语境，strange表示“陌生的”符合要求。
【解析】
1. 空格处需填副词短语修饰go away，根据“热量逐渐消散”的语境，选择little by little，无需变形，填little by little。
2. much后接不可数名词，experience表示“经验”时为不可数名词，符合“教学经验”的语境，填experience。
3. 情态动词can后接动词原形，结合语境“使我们振作”，cheer sb up中sb对应句中的we，填cheer us up。
4. 根据从句passed的一般过去时态，主句用一般过去时，主语parents是复数，be动词用were，be proud of符合“为孩子骄傲”的语境，填were proud of。
5. on one's own表示“独自”，句中主语the young指代复数人群，one's替换为their，填on their own。
6. in one's way表示“挡路”，句中主语是I，one's替换为my，填in my way。
7. 遵循“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，前面已有more，直接填powerful原形，填powerful。
8. keep sb +形容词是固定搭配，awake是形容词“醒着的”，符合“保持清醒”的语境，填awake。
9. 根据时间状语last year，句子用一般过去时，produce的过去式是produced，填produced。
10. be动词后接形容词作表语，结合“不认识女孩”的语境，strange表示“陌生的”，填strange。
【答案】
1. little by little 2. experience 3. cheer us up 4. were proud of 5. on their own 6. in my way 7. powerful
8. awake 9. produced 10. strange
【知识点】
1. 固定短语搭配
2. 动词时态运用
3. 形容词/副词用法
【点评】
本题考查初中阶段核心的词汇运用能力，涵盖了动词短语、名词、形容词的辨析，以及时态、人称呼应等语法点。需要学生结合语境精准判断词汇含义，同时熟练掌握固定搭配和时态规则，对学生的综合语言运用能力有一定考察性。
【难度系数】
0.6
我们需要结合每个句子的语境，先理解句意，再根据所给单词/短语的含义、词性、固定搭配，以及句子的时态、人称呼应等要点来确定正确形式：
1. 第一句描述白天热量的消散过程，需要一个表示“逐渐”的短语，little by little符合语境，直接使用原形即可。
2. 第二句中much后接不可数名词，experience作“经验”讲为不可数名词，契合“教学经验”的语境。
3. 第三句情态动词can后接动词原形，结合“累的时候需要振作”的语境，cheer sb up中sb要对应句中的we，所以用cheer us up。
4. 第四句从句用一般过去时，主句时态需保持一致，主语parents是复数，be动词用were，be proud of表示“为……骄傲”符合句意。
5. 第五句on one's own表示“独自”，句中主语the young是复数群体，所以one's替换为their。
6. 第六句in one's way表示“挡路”，句中主语是I，因此one's用my。
7. 第七句是“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，前面已有more，直接填powerful原形即可，符合“国家强大”的语境。
8. 第八句keep sb +形容词是固定搭配，awake作为形容词表示“醒着的”，契合“保持清醒”的需求。
9. 第九句时间状语last year提示用一般过去时，produce的过去式是produced。
10. 第十句be动词后接形容词作表语，结合“不认识女孩”的语境，strange表示“陌生的”符合要求。
【解析】
1. 空格处需填副词短语修饰go away，根据“热量逐渐消散”的语境，选择little by little，无需变形，填little by little。
2. much后接不可数名词，experience表示“经验”时为不可数名词，符合“教学经验”的语境，填experience。
3. 情态动词can后接动词原形，结合语境“使我们振作”，cheer sb up中sb对应句中的we，填cheer us up。
4. 根据从句passed的一般过去时态，主句用一般过去时，主语parents是复数，be动词用were，be proud of符合“为孩子骄傲”的语境，填were proud of。
5. on one's own表示“独自”，句中主语the young指代复数人群，one's替换为their，填on their own。
6. in one's way表示“挡路”，句中主语是I，one's替换为my，填in my way。
7. 遵循“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，前面已有more，直接填powerful原形，填powerful。
8. keep sb +形容词是固定搭配，awake是形容词“醒着的”，符合“保持清醒”的语境，填awake。
9. 根据时间状语last year，句子用一般过去时，produce的过去式是produced，填produced。
10. be动词后接形容词作表语，结合“不认识女孩”的语境，strange表示“陌生的”，填strange。
【答案】
1. little by little 2. experience 3. cheer us up 4. were proud of 5. on their own 6. in my way 7. powerful
8. awake 9. produced 10. strange
【知识点】
1. 固定短语搭配
2. 动词时态运用
3. 形容词/副词用法
【点评】
本题考查初中阶段核心的词汇运用能力，涵盖了动词短语、名词、形容词的辨析，以及时态、人称呼应等语法点。需要学生结合语境精准判断词汇含义，同时熟练掌握固定搭配和时态规则，对学生的综合语言运用能力有一定考察性。
【难度系数】
0.6
Ⅵ. 阅读理解
同学们,你们知道吗? 徐卓媛在2024年第一天成功登顶非洲最高峰乞力马扎罗山,还在18岁前完成了"7+2计划"。她四年前开启登山之旅,刻苦训练,遇到困难从不放弃。你们觉得她的故事是不是很激励人呢?
"On the very first day of 2024, I saw the snows of Kilimanjaro," said Xu Zhuoyuan, a 17-year-old mountaineer from Hunan.
Xu climbed the tallest peak(山峰) in Africa on Jan 1st. She even stood on top of Mount Qomolangma last May, making her the youngest Chinese girl to climb to the world's highest peak from the southern slope(南坡).
Xu's mountaineering journey began on a family trip to Sichuan four years ago. Passing by Mount Siguniang, she felt drawn to its beauty and decided to try scaling(攀登) it. She fell in love with mountaineering right then and there.
For the next few years, Xu did hard training. She went to the mountains in Yunnan and Sichuan every month, climbing peaks over 5,000 metres and doing daily physical exercises. All that hard work got her ready for the challenges she would face on Kilimanjaro.
Above 4,000 metres on Mount Kilimanjaro, the climate is similar to a desert, with big temperature differences. The whole climb took seven days, during which Xu faced unpredictable weather such as rain and strong winds. Staying warm and avoiding heat loss were the main challenges. Xu had to keep an eye on the temperature and change her clothes when the temperature changed.
This climb was also a learning experience for Xu. She was climbing with Xia Boyu, the first Chinese climber to reach the top of Mount Qomolangma with a prosthetic(假肢的) leg, who was over 70 years old. "Every time I felt like giving up, just seeing Xia was enough to encourage me," Xu said.
Xu has set great goals for herself. She planned to climb the highest peak on each of the seven continents(大陆) and visit the North and South Poles(南极) by the time she's 18. That's her "7+2 programme".
1. When did Xu climb to the world's highest peak from the southern slope?
A. In January, 2024.
B. In May, 2023.
C. In January, 2022.
D. In May, 2020.
2. What encouraged Xu to start her mountaineering journey?
A. Her parents' love for climbing.
B. Her love for different exercises.
C. A visit to Mount Siguniang in Sichuan.
D. Her curiosity about Mount Qomolangma.
3. What does the underlined word "unpredictable" probably mean in the passage?
A. Changeable. B. Comfortable.
C. Acceptable. D. Enjoyable.
4. What does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about?
A. How awful the climate was and what she did with her clothes.
B. How tall the mountain is and how quickly the temperature drops.
C. The main challenge during Xu's climb and how she dealt with it.
D. How long it took Xu to scale the peak and how she stayed warm.
5. 中考新考法 标题归纳 What may be the best title for the passage?
A. An Unforgettable Learning Experience
B. The Life of a Brave Chinese Mountaineer
C. A Young Chinese Mountaineer's "7 + 2 Programme"
D. A Young Chinese Mountaineer Scaled New Heights
同学们,你们知道吗? 徐卓媛在2024年第一天成功登顶非洲最高峰乞力马扎罗山,还在18岁前完成了"7+2计划"。她四年前开启登山之旅,刻苦训练,遇到困难从不放弃。你们觉得她的故事是不是很激励人呢?
"On the very first day of 2024, I saw the snows of Kilimanjaro," said Xu Zhuoyuan, a 17-year-old mountaineer from Hunan.
Xu climbed the tallest peak(山峰) in Africa on Jan 1st. She even stood on top of Mount Qomolangma last May, making her the youngest Chinese girl to climb to the world's highest peak from the southern slope(南坡).
Xu's mountaineering journey began on a family trip to Sichuan four years ago. Passing by Mount Siguniang, she felt drawn to its beauty and decided to try scaling(攀登) it. She fell in love with mountaineering right then and there.
For the next few years, Xu did hard training. She went to the mountains in Yunnan and Sichuan every month, climbing peaks over 5,000 metres and doing daily physical exercises. All that hard work got her ready for the challenges she would face on Kilimanjaro.
Above 4,000 metres on Mount Kilimanjaro, the climate is similar to a desert, with big temperature differences. The whole climb took seven days, during which Xu faced unpredictable weather such as rain and strong winds. Staying warm and avoiding heat loss were the main challenges. Xu had to keep an eye on the temperature and change her clothes when the temperature changed.
This climb was also a learning experience for Xu. She was climbing with Xia Boyu, the first Chinese climber to reach the top of Mount Qomolangma with a prosthetic(假肢的) leg, who was over 70 years old. "Every time I felt like giving up, just seeing Xia was enough to encourage me," Xu said.
Xu has set great goals for herself. She planned to climb the highest peak on each of the seven continents(大陆) and visit the North and South Poles(南极) by the time she's 18. That's her "7+2 programme".
1. When did Xu climb to the world's highest peak from the southern slope?
A. In January, 2024.
B. In May, 2023.
C. In January, 2022.
D. In May, 2020.
2. What encouraged Xu to start her mountaineering journey?
A. Her parents' love for climbing.
B. Her love for different exercises.
C. A visit to Mount Siguniang in Sichuan.
D. Her curiosity about Mount Qomolangma.
3. What does the underlined word "unpredictable" probably mean in the passage?
A. Changeable. B. Comfortable.
C. Acceptable. D. Enjoyable.
4. What does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about?
A. How awful the climate was and what she did with her clothes.
B. How tall the mountain is and how quickly the temperature drops.
C. The main challenge during Xu's climb and how she dealt with it.
D. How long it took Xu to scale the peak and how she stayed warm.
5. 中考新考法 标题归纳 What may be the best title for the passage?
A. An Unforgettable Learning Experience
B. The Life of a Brave Chinese Mountaineer
C. A Young Chinese Mountaineer's "7 + 2 Programme"
D. A Young Chinese Mountaineer Scaled New Heights
答案：［文章大意］本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了登山运动员徐卓媛的攀登故事。
1. B ［解析］推理判断题。根据第一段中的“On the very first day of 2024, I saw the snows of Kilimanjaro”以及第二段中的“She even stood on top of Mount Qomolangma last May, making her the youngest Chinese girl to climb to
→ make sb+名词表示“让某人成为……”
the world's highest peak from the southern slope(南坡).”可知,她在2023年的5月登上世界最高峰。故选B。
2. C ［解析］细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Xu's mountaineering journey began on a family trip to Sichuan four years ago. Passing by Mount Siguniang, she felt drawn to its beauty and decided to try scaling(攀登)it.”可知,去四川四姑娘山的那次旅行让她爱上登山。故选C。
3. A ［解析］词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“The whole climb took seven days, during which Xu faced unpredictable
→ which指代前文提到的“seven days”,故其前需加during
weather such as rain and strong winds.”可知,画线词后提到了大雨和强风。因此,画线词指的是“变化无常的”。故选A。
4. C ［解析］主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“Above 4,000 metres on Mount Kilimanjaro, the climate is similar to a desert, with big temperature differences.”以及“Xu had to keep an eye on the temperature and change her clothes
→ keep an eye on sth意为“留心某事”
when the temperature changed.”可知,这一段讲述了徐攀爬过程中的主要挑战以及她是如何应对的。故选C。
5. D ［解析］标题归纳题。通读全文可知,本文主要讲的是登山运动员徐卓媛的攀登故事,因此选项D(一位年轻的中国登山运动员攀登了新的高峰)适合作为文章标题。故选D。
1. B ［解析］推理判断题。根据第一段中的“On the very first day of 2024, I saw the snows of Kilimanjaro”以及第二段中的“She even stood on top of Mount Qomolangma last May, making her the youngest Chinese girl to climb to
→ make sb+名词表示“让某人成为……”
the world's highest peak from the southern slope(南坡).”可知,她在2023年的5月登上世界最高峰。故选B。
2. C ［解析］细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Xu's mountaineering journey began on a family trip to Sichuan four years ago. Passing by Mount Siguniang, she felt drawn to its beauty and decided to try scaling(攀登)it.”可知,去四川四姑娘山的那次旅行让她爱上登山。故选C。
3. A ［解析］词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“The whole climb took seven days, during which Xu faced unpredictable
→ which指代前文提到的“seven days”,故其前需加during
weather such as rain and strong winds.”可知,画线词后提到了大雨和强风。因此,画线词指的是“变化无常的”。故选A。
4. C ［解析］主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“Above 4,000 metres on Mount Kilimanjaro, the climate is similar to a desert, with big temperature differences.”以及“Xu had to keep an eye on the temperature and change her clothes
→ keep an eye on sth意为“留心某事”
when the temperature changed.”可知,这一段讲述了徐攀爬过程中的主要挑战以及她是如何应对的。故选C。
5. D ［解析］标题归纳题。通读全文可知,本文主要讲的是登山运动员徐卓媛的攀登故事,因此选项D(一位年轻的中国登山运动员攀登了新的高峰)适合作为文章标题。故选D。
解析：
【分析】
1. 第1题：这是推理判断题，解题需抓住文中时间线索。文中明确2024年1月徐卓媛登顶乞力马扎罗山，而登顶珠峰南坡是“last May”（去年五月），由此可推理出“去年”即2023年，进而确定答案。
2. 第2题：这是细节理解题，解题关键是定位原文对应段落。找到第三段关于她开启登山之旅的描述，可知是在四川家庭旅行路过四姑娘山时，被其美景吸引从而决定尝试攀登，据此锁定答案。
3. 第3题：这是词义猜测题，解题要结合上下文语境。文中提到她遇到雨、大风这类天气，说明天气具有多变性，由此推测“unpredictable”的含义。
4. 第4题：这是主旨大意题，解题需梳理段落核心内容。第五段先介绍乞力马扎罗山4000米以上的恶劣气候，再讲述她应对温度变化的方法，核心是攀登中的挑战及应对措施，据此归纳段落主旨。
5. 第5题：这是标题归纳题，解题要概括全文核心内容。全文围绕徐卓媛不断攀登高峰、推进“7+2计划”的经历展开，需选择能涵盖这一核心的标题。
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了年轻登山运动员徐卓媛的攀登故事。
1. 第1题：推理判断题。根据文中“On the very first day of 2024, I saw the snows of Kilimanjaro”以及“She even stood on top of Mount Qomolangma last May, making her the youngest Chinese girl to climb to the world's highest peak from the southern slope.”可知，2024年1月她登顶乞力马扎罗山，登顶珠峰南坡是2024年的去年五月，即2023年5月。故选B。
2. 第2题：细节理解题。根据第三段“Xu's mountaineering journey began on a family trip to Sichuan four years ago. Passing by Mount Siguniang, she felt drawn to its beauty and decided to try scaling it.”可知，四川四姑娘山的旅行让她开启了登山之旅。故选C。
3. 第3题：词义猜测题。根据第五段“The whole climb took seven days, during which Xu faced unpredictable weather such as rain and strong winds.”可知，后文提到雨、大风这类多变的天气，由此推测“unpredictable”意为“变化无常的”，与“Changeable”意思相近。故选A。
4. 第4题：主旨大意题。第五段先介绍乞力马扎罗山4000米以上类似沙漠的气候、巨大温差，又提到“Staying warm and avoiding heat loss were the main challenges. Xu had to keep an eye on the temperature and change her clothes when the temperature changed.”，即她应对挑战的方法，所以该段主要讲述攀登中的主要挑战及应对方式。故选C。
5. 第5题：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章围绕徐卓媛不断攀登高峰、推进“7+2计划”的经历展开，选项D“一位年轻的中国登山运动员攀登了新的高峰”能准确概括全文核心内容，适合作为标题。故选D。
【答案】
1. B
2. C
3. A
4. C
5. D
【知识点】
1. 细节理解题解法
2. 词义猜测法
3. 主旨大意归纳
【点评】
本文以年轻登山者徐卓媛的攀登经历为素材，题目涵盖推理判断、细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意等多种阅读理解常考题型，既考查学生对文章细节的抓取能力，也考查对上下文语境的理解和全文内容的概括能力，有助于提升学生的综合阅读素养。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. 第1题：这是推理判断题，解题需抓住文中时间线索。文中明确2024年1月徐卓媛登顶乞力马扎罗山，而登顶珠峰南坡是“last May”（去年五月），由此可推理出“去年”即2023年，进而确定答案。
2. 第2题：这是细节理解题，解题关键是定位原文对应段落。找到第三段关于她开启登山之旅的描述，可知是在四川家庭旅行路过四姑娘山时，被其美景吸引从而决定尝试攀登，据此锁定答案。
3. 第3题：这是词义猜测题，解题要结合上下文语境。文中提到她遇到雨、大风这类天气，说明天气具有多变性，由此推测“unpredictable”的含义。
4. 第4题：这是主旨大意题，解题需梳理段落核心内容。第五段先介绍乞力马扎罗山4000米以上的恶劣气候，再讲述她应对温度变化的方法，核心是攀登中的挑战及应对措施，据此归纳段落主旨。
5. 第5题：这是标题归纳题，解题要概括全文核心内容。全文围绕徐卓媛不断攀登高峰、推进“7+2计划”的经历展开，需选择能涵盖这一核心的标题。
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了年轻登山运动员徐卓媛的攀登故事。
1. 第1题：推理判断题。根据文中“On the very first day of 2024, I saw the snows of Kilimanjaro”以及“She even stood on top of Mount Qomolangma last May, making her the youngest Chinese girl to climb to the world's highest peak from the southern slope.”可知，2024年1月她登顶乞力马扎罗山，登顶珠峰南坡是2024年的去年五月，即2023年5月。故选B。
2. 第2题：细节理解题。根据第三段“Xu's mountaineering journey began on a family trip to Sichuan four years ago. Passing by Mount Siguniang, she felt drawn to its beauty and decided to try scaling it.”可知，四川四姑娘山的旅行让她开启了登山之旅。故选C。
3. 第3题：词义猜测题。根据第五段“The whole climb took seven days, during which Xu faced unpredictable weather such as rain and strong winds.”可知，后文提到雨、大风这类多变的天气，由此推测“unpredictable”意为“变化无常的”，与“Changeable”意思相近。故选A。
4. 第4题：主旨大意题。第五段先介绍乞力马扎罗山4000米以上类似沙漠的气候、巨大温差，又提到“Staying warm and avoiding heat loss were the main challenges. Xu had to keep an eye on the temperature and change her clothes when the temperature changed.”，即她应对挑战的方法，所以该段主要讲述攀登中的主要挑战及应对方式。故选C。
5. 第5题：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章围绕徐卓媛不断攀登高峰、推进“7+2计划”的经历展开，选项D“一位年轻的中国登山运动员攀登了新的高峰”能准确概括全文核心内容，适合作为标题。故选D。
【答案】
1. B
2. C
3. A
4. C
5. D
【知识点】
1. 细节理解题解法
2. 词义猜测法
3. 主旨大意归纳
【点评】
本文以年轻登山者徐卓媛的攀登经历为素材，题目涵盖推理判断、细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意等多种阅读理解常考题型，既考查学生对文章细节的抓取能力，也考查对上下文语境的理解和全文内容的概括能力，有助于提升学生的综合阅读素养。
【难度系数】
0.6