Ⅴ. (2025·苏州姑苏区期末)阅读理解
同学们,当麻雀在高楼间穿梭,松鼠在公园翻找食物,你是否会对它们充满好奇?快来探索城市中的动物为适应生活做出的独特改变吧!
Cities are full of tall buildings, factories, and cars. They are very useful places for people to live. However, for animals, living in a city can be very difficult. This is why some animals have changed to survive city life.
The peppered moth, for example, changes its colour to survive in the city. The quality of the air in the city is not quite good. This makes the surface of trees darker. The peppered moth changes to a darker colour to match the trees. In this way, it can hide from other animals.
The great tit changes its voice to survive in the city. It sings to find a mate. But in the city, it is too noisy for other birds to hear it singing. So the great tit changes its song to a higher pitch.
In the forest, the crow drops seeds and nuts from high above to break them on the ground. Then it can get the food inside. However, the city crow has a better idea. It drops its seeds on the street and waits for cars to break them. Then it quickly flies down and picks up its meal.
1. The peppered moth changes colour to match the
A. trees B. cars C. people D. air
2. How does the city crow break seeds?
A. By breaking them with tools.
B. By making other animals do it.
C. By dropping them and waiting for cars to do it.
D. By dropping and breaking them on the ground.
3. 中考新考法推断文章主旨 What's the main idea of this passage?
A. The animals in cities change their colours.
B. Birds in cities change their singing voices.
C. Cities are useful places for animals and people.
D. Some animals make changes to survive in cities.
同学们,当麻雀在高楼间穿梭,松鼠在公园翻找食物,你是否会对它们充满好奇?快来探索城市中的动物为适应生活做出的独特改变吧!
Cities are full of tall buildings, factories, and cars. They are very useful places for people to live. However, for animals, living in a city can be very difficult. This is why some animals have changed to survive city life.
The peppered moth, for example, changes its colour to survive in the city. The quality of the air in the city is not quite good. This makes the surface of trees darker. The peppered moth changes to a darker colour to match the trees. In this way, it can hide from other animals.
The great tit changes its voice to survive in the city. It sings to find a mate. But in the city, it is too noisy for other birds to hear it singing. So the great tit changes its song to a higher pitch.
In the forest, the crow drops seeds and nuts from high above to break them on the ground. Then it can get the food inside. However, the city crow has a better idea. It drops its seeds on the street and waits for cars to break them. Then it quickly flies down and picks up its meal.
1. The peppered moth changes colour to match the
A
.A. trees B. cars C. people D. air
2. How does the city crow break seeds?
A. By breaking them with tools.
B. By making other animals do it.
C. By dropping them and waiting for cars to do it.
D. By dropping and breaking them on the ground.
3. 中考新考法推断文章主旨 What's the main idea of this passage?
A. The animals in cities change their colours.
B. Birds in cities change their singing voices.
C. Cities are useful places for animals and people.
D. Some animals make changes to survive in cities.
答案：Ⅴ.[文章大意]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了城市中的一些动物为了适应城市生活而做出的改变。
1. A [解析]细节理解题。根据第二段中的"The peppered moth changes to a darker colour to match the trees."可知,花斑蛾改变颜色是为了与树木相匹配。故选A。
2. C [解析]细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"It drops its seeds on the street and waits for cars to break them."可知,城市里的乌鸦会把种子扔到街上,等待汽车把它们碾碎。故选C。
3. D [解析]主旨大意题。根据第一段中的"This is why some animals have changed to survive city life."及全文内容可知,文章主要介绍了城市中的一些动物为了适应城市生活而做出的改变。故选D。
1. A [解析]细节理解题。根据第二段中的"The peppered moth changes to a darker colour to match the trees."可知,花斑蛾改变颜色是为了与树木相匹配。故选A。
2. C [解析]细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"It drops its seeds on the street and waits for cars to break them."可知,城市里的乌鸦会把种子扔到街上,等待汽车把它们碾碎。故选C。
3. D [解析]主旨大意题。根据第一段中的"This is why some animals have changed to survive city life."及全文内容可知,文章主要介绍了城市中的一些动物为了适应城市生活而做出的改变。故选D。
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇说明文阅读理解题，解题思路如下：
1. 第1题是细节理解题，需定位到文中介绍花斑蛾的段落，找到描述它改变颜色目的的句子，匹配对应选项即可。
2. 第2题属于细节理解题，要定位到介绍城市乌鸦的段落，找到它弄碎种子的具体方式，对应选项得出答案。
3. 第3题是主旨大意题，先关注文章开头的总起句，再结合全文介绍的几种动物的变化，归纳出文章核心主旨，选择最贴合的选项。
【解析】
[文章大意]本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了城市中的一些动物为了适应城市生活而做出的独特改变。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的"The peppered moth changes to a darker colour to match the trees."可知，花斑蛾改变颜色是为了和树木的颜色相匹配。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的"It drops its seeds on the street and waits for cars to break them."可知，城市里的乌鸦会把种子扔到街上，等待汽车将其碾碎。故选C。
3. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的"This is why some animals have changed to survive city life."以及全文对花斑蛾、大山雀、乌鸦适应城市生活改变的介绍，可知本文主旨是一些动物为了在城市生存做出改变。故选D。
【答案】
1. A
2. C
3. D
【知识点】
细节理解题、主旨大意题、说明文阅读
【点评】
本文围绕城市动物适应生存的改变展开，题目设置贴合中考新考法，既考查学生快速定位获取细节信息的能力，也考查归纳文章主旨的能力，有助于学生提升说明文阅读理解的解题能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇说明文阅读理解题，解题思路如下：
1. 第1题是细节理解题，需定位到文中介绍花斑蛾的段落，找到描述它改变颜色目的的句子，匹配对应选项即可。
2. 第2题属于细节理解题，要定位到介绍城市乌鸦的段落，找到它弄碎种子的具体方式，对应选项得出答案。
3. 第3题是主旨大意题，先关注文章开头的总起句，再结合全文介绍的几种动物的变化，归纳出文章核心主旨，选择最贴合的选项。
【解析】
[文章大意]本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了城市中的一些动物为了适应城市生活而做出的独特改变。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的"The peppered moth changes to a darker colour to match the trees."可知，花斑蛾改变颜色是为了和树木的颜色相匹配。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的"It drops its seeds on the street and waits for cars to break them."可知，城市里的乌鸦会把种子扔到街上，等待汽车将其碾碎。故选C。
3. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的"This is why some animals have changed to survive city life."以及全文对花斑蛾、大山雀、乌鸦适应城市生活改变的介绍，可知本文主旨是一些动物为了在城市生存做出改变。故选D。
【答案】
1. A
2. C
3. D
【知识点】
细节理解题、主旨大意题、说明文阅读
【点评】
本文围绕城市动物适应生存的改变展开，题目设置贴合中考新考法，既考查学生快速定位获取细节信息的能力，也考查归纳文章主旨的能力，有助于学生提升说明文阅读理解的解题能力。
【难度系数】
0.7