五、根据课文内容,在文中空白处填入1个适当的单词,或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
There are four main landscapes on earth. The river
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
There are four main landscapes on earth. The river
has
1 (have) two faces. It is full of water. Everyone needs it to drink
2 (drink). People also use it for farming
3 (farm) and washing. Sometimes it is very powerful
4 (power). When it floods, it can destroy homes and people's lives
5 (life). The desert is mostly made of sand. It is very hot during the day and
6 very cold at night. It's hard for people to live in such conditions. The ocean covers most of the
7 earth's surface. It's home to lots of living
8 (live) things. There are many trees in the forest. They can produce oxygen for humans
9 (human) and animals. There are different colours in
10 different seasons. How amazing!1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
答案:五、1. has 2. to drink 3. farming 4. powerful 5. lives 6. and 7. the 8. living 9. humans 10. in
解析:
【分析】
这是一篇基础语篇语法填空题,解题时首先通读全文,判断文章整体使用一般现在时介绍地球的四类地貌特征,之后分两类思路解题:1. 给出提示词的空,先判断句子所需成分,再对应做时态变形、非谓语变形、词性转换、名词单复数变形;2. 未给出提示词的空,结合句子逻辑和固定搭配,判断需要填写的冠词、连词、介词,逐个推导即可得到正确答案。
【解析】
1. 第一空:主语The river是单数第三人称,全文为一般现在时,谓语动词have要变为第三人称单数形式has。
2. 第二空:此处是固定搭配need sth to do sth,用不定式作目的状语,表“需要某物来做某事”,所以填to drink。
3. 第三空:介词for后面需要接名词作宾语,farm对应的名词farming意为“农耕、农业”,符合语境,填farming。
4. 第四空:系动词is后面需要接形容词作表语,power对应的形容词powerful意为“强大的”,符合语境,填powerful。
5. 第五空:空前people's表示“人们的”,后面接可数名词复数,life此处意为“生命”,复数形式是lives,填lives。
6. 第六空:空前“白天很热”和空后“晚上很冷”是并列的两个描述沙漠特征的分句,用并列连词and连接,填and。
7. 第七空:earth(地球)是世界上独一无二的事物,前面需要加定冠词the,构成固定搭配the earth's surface表示“地球的表面”,填the。
8. 第八空:空后是名词things,前面需要形容词作定语,固定搭配living things意为“生物”,所以将提示词live变为形容词living,填living。
9. 第九空:介词for后面接名词作宾语,此处表示泛指人类,human的复数形式humans符合语境,填humans。
10. 第十空:表示“在不同的季节”,季节类名词前用介词in是固定用法,填in。
【答案】
1. has 2. to drink 3. farming 4. powerful 5. lives 6. and 7. the 8. living 9. humans 10. in
【知识点】
1. 主谓一致
2. 词性转换
3. 虚词用法
【点评】
本题属于初中低年级基础语法填空,围绕地球地貌的主题展开,考察的都是核心基础的词法句法知识点,大部分空都对应课内固定搭配和基础变形,仅少数空需要注意特殊变形规则,比如life变复数的不规则变化,整体难度不高,适合巩固基础语法点。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇基础语篇语法填空题,解题时首先通读全文,判断文章整体使用一般现在时介绍地球的四类地貌特征,之后分两类思路解题:1. 给出提示词的空,先判断句子所需成分,再对应做时态变形、非谓语变形、词性转换、名词单复数变形;2. 未给出提示词的空,结合句子逻辑和固定搭配,判断需要填写的冠词、连词、介词,逐个推导即可得到正确答案。
【解析】
1. 第一空:主语The river是单数第三人称,全文为一般现在时,谓语动词have要变为第三人称单数形式has。
2. 第二空:此处是固定搭配need sth to do sth,用不定式作目的状语,表“需要某物来做某事”,所以填to drink。
3. 第三空:介词for后面需要接名词作宾语,farm对应的名词farming意为“农耕、农业”,符合语境,填farming。
4. 第四空:系动词is后面需要接形容词作表语,power对应的形容词powerful意为“强大的”,符合语境,填powerful。
5. 第五空:空前people's表示“人们的”,后面接可数名词复数,life此处意为“生命”,复数形式是lives,填lives。
6. 第六空:空前“白天很热”和空后“晚上很冷”是并列的两个描述沙漠特征的分句,用并列连词and连接,填and。
7. 第七空:earth(地球)是世界上独一无二的事物,前面需要加定冠词the,构成固定搭配the earth's surface表示“地球的表面”,填the。
8. 第八空:空后是名词things,前面需要形容词作定语,固定搭配living things意为“生物”,所以将提示词live变为形容词living,填living。
9. 第九空:介词for后面接名词作宾语,此处表示泛指人类,human的复数形式humans符合语境,填humans。
10. 第十空:表示“在不同的季节”,季节类名词前用介词in是固定用法,填in。
【答案】
1. has 2. to drink 3. farming 4. powerful 5. lives 6. and 7. the 8. living 9. humans 10. in
【知识点】
1. 主谓一致
2. 词性转换
3. 虚词用法
【点评】
本题属于初中低年级基础语法填空,围绕地球地貌的主题展开,考察的都是核心基础的词法句法知识点,大部分空都对应课内固定搭配和基础变形,仅少数空需要注意特殊变形规则,比如life变复数的不规则变化,整体难度不高,适合巩固基础语法点。
【难度系数】
0.7
六、阅读理解。
The Sahara Desert is the largest hot desert in the world. It covers over nine million square kilometres across North Africa. The weather there can be very different in a day's time. During the day, temperatures rise above 40℃, while nights can be very cold. It is one of the toughest(最艰难的) environments on earth.
The Sahara Desert is as big as Canada but has very few people. Less than two and a half million people live there, and most of them are nomads. Nomads are people who have no permanent(固定的) homes. They move from place to place, carrying everything they need to live. The nomads in the Sahara Desert are called Bedouin, which means "desert people". They depend on goats, sheep, and camels for food and transport. Water is the most important for them. They need water to live, so they must carry enough water or know where to find it. Without water, life is impossible.
A desert is not defined(定义) by sand but by the lack of rain. To be a desert, a place must get less than 250 mm of rain each year. Surprisingly, only 25% of the Sahara is covered in sand. The rest is rock and gravel(沙砾).
Long ago, the Sahara Desert was covered in ice and later turned into grasslands. Over time, it became the desert we see today. Truly, the Sahara Desert is a place of history and change.
(
A. In North Asia.
B. In North Africa.
C. In North Canada.
D. In North America.
(
A. 农耕民族
B. 渔猎民族
C. 定居民族
D. 游牧民族
(
A. The word means people who love deserts.
B. The Bedouin use cars and trucks to get around.
C. The most important thing for Bedouin is water.
D. Life is impossible without goats, sheep and camels.
(
A. A place that has nomads living in it.
B. A place that is very hot and dry all year round.
C. A place that has more than 25% sand on its surface.
D. A place that gets less than 250 mm of rain every year.
(
A. Facts about the Sahara Desert.
B. The people of the Sahara Desert.
C. The weather of the Sahara Desert.
D. The history of the Sahara Desert.
The Sahara Desert is the largest hot desert in the world. It covers over nine million square kilometres across North Africa. The weather there can be very different in a day's time. During the day, temperatures rise above 40℃, while nights can be very cold. It is one of the toughest(最艰难的) environments on earth.
The Sahara Desert is as big as Canada but has very few people. Less than two and a half million people live there, and most of them are nomads. Nomads are people who have no permanent(固定的) homes. They move from place to place, carrying everything they need to live. The nomads in the Sahara Desert are called Bedouin, which means "desert people". They depend on goats, sheep, and camels for food and transport. Water is the most important for them. They need water to live, so they must carry enough water or know where to find it. Without water, life is impossible.
A desert is not defined(定义) by sand but by the lack of rain. To be a desert, a place must get less than 250 mm of rain each year. Surprisingly, only 25% of the Sahara is covered in sand. The rest is rock and gravel(沙砾).
Long ago, the Sahara Desert was covered in ice and later turned into grasslands. Over time, it became the desert we see today. Truly, the Sahara Desert is a place of history and change.
(
B
)1. Where is the Sahara Desert?A. In North Asia.
B. In North Africa.
C. In North Canada.
D. In North America.
(
D
)2. What does the underlined word "nomads" probably mean in Chinese?A. 农耕民族
B. 渔猎民族
C. 定居民族
D. 游牧民族
(
C
)3. 创新考法—事物推断 Which of the following is TRUE about Bedouin?A. The word means people who love deserts.
B. The Bedouin use cars and trucks to get around.
C. The most important thing for Bedouin is water.
D. Life is impossible without goats, sheep and camels.
(
D
)4. According to the text, what is a desert?A. A place that has nomads living in it.
B. A place that is very hot and dry all year round.
C. A place that has more than 25% sand on its surface.
D. A place that gets less than 250 mm of rain every year.
(
A
)5. What is the passage about?A. Facts about the Sahara Desert.
B. The people of the Sahara Desert.
C. The weather of the Sahara Desert.
D. The history of the Sahara Desert.
答案:六、1. B 【点拨】根据“The Sahara Desert is the largest hot desert in the world. It covers over nine million square kilometres across North Africa.”可知,撒哈拉沙漠位于北非。故选 B。
2. D 【点拨】根据“The nomads in the Sahara Desert are called Bedouin, which means ‘desert people’. They depend on goats, sheep, and camels for food and transport. Water is the most important for them...”可知这些人是游牧民族,他们靠牲畜和水生存,不定居。D 选项“游牧民族”最符合题意。故选 D。
3. C 【点拨】根据“Water is the most important for them. They need water to live, so they must carry enough water or know where to find it.”可知,对贝都因人来说,最重要的是水。故选 C。
4. D 【点拨】根据“A desert is not defined(定义)by sand but by the lack of rain. To be a desert, a place must get less than 250 mm of rain each year.”可知,沙漠的定义是年降雨量不足 250 毫米,而不是由沙子决定的。故选 D。
5. A 【点拨】文章详细描述了撒哈拉沙漠的地理位置、气候特征、居住的游牧民族以及历史变化等内容,全面介绍了撒哈拉沙漠的相关事实。A 选项“关于撒哈拉的事实”最符合主旨。故选 A。
2. D 【点拨】根据“The nomads in the Sahara Desert are called Bedouin, which means ‘desert people’. They depend on goats, sheep, and camels for food and transport. Water is the most important for them...”可知这些人是游牧民族,他们靠牲畜和水生存,不定居。D 选项“游牧民族”最符合题意。故选 D。
3. C 【点拨】根据“Water is the most important for them. They need water to live, so they must carry enough water or know where to find it.”可知,对贝都因人来说,最重要的是水。故选 C。
4. D 【点拨】根据“A desert is not defined(定义)by sand but by the lack of rain. To be a desert, a place must get less than 250 mm of rain each year.”可知,沙漠的定义是年降雨量不足 250 毫米,而不是由沙子决定的。故选 D。
5. A 【点拨】文章详细描述了撒哈拉沙漠的地理位置、气候特征、居住的游牧民族以及历史变化等内容,全面介绍了撒哈拉沙漠的相关事实。A 选项“关于撒哈拉的事实”最符合主旨。故选 A。
解析:
【分析】
这是一篇介绍撒哈拉沙漠的说明文阅读理解,解题时遵循先明确题干考点,再带着关键词回原文定位匹配信息的思路:
1. 第1题询问撒哈拉沙漠的位置,提取关键词"Sahara Desert"回到原文第一段查找位置描述即可快速锁定答案;
2. 第2题是词义猜测题,找到划线词后的补充解释,结合“无固定住所、四处迁徙、依靠牛羊骆驼获取食物和出行”的特征,匹配对应的中文释义;
3. 第3题判断关于贝都因人的正确表述,将每个选项逐一和原文中Bedouin的相关描述比对,排除和原文不符的错误选项;
4. 第4题询问沙漠的定义,定位到第三段关于沙漠定义的专门说明内容,直接匹配对应描述即可;
5. 第5题是主旨大意题,梳理全文各段内容:文章分别介绍了撒哈拉的地理位置、气候特点、居住的游牧民族、沙漠的定义、撒哈拉的历史演变,整体都是介绍撒哈拉沙漠的各类相关事实,排除只覆盖部分段落内容的片面选项,选出最贴合全文主旨的答案。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段"It covers over nine million square kilometres across North Africa.",明确撒哈拉沙漠分布在北非,对应选项B,排除A(北亚)、C(加拿大北部)、D(北美)的错误表述。
2. 划线词后补充说明这类人没有固定住所,四处迁徙,依靠牛羊骆驼获取食物和交通工具,符合游牧民族的特征,对应中文释义是D选项游牧民族,排除A农耕、B渔猎、C定居的错误选项。
3. 逐一比对选项:A选项Bedouin的意思是“沙漠居民”不是“热爱沙漠的人”,表述错误;B选项原文说明他们依靠牛羊骆驼出行,没有提到汽车卡车,表述错误;C选项原文明确说明水对他们来说是最重要的,表述正确;D选项原文说没有水生命无法存续,不是没有牛羊骆驼就不可能生存,表述错误。因此选C。
4. 定位原文第三段"To be a desert, a place must get less than 250 mm of rain each year.",明确沙漠的定义是年降水量不足250毫米,对应选项D,排除A(有游牧民居住的地方不是沙漠定义)、B(并非全年都炎热干燥)、C(撒哈拉仅25%是沙,该表述错误)。
5. 全文从地理位置、气候、居民、地貌、历史多个维度介绍撒哈拉沙漠的相关事实,B只覆盖居民、C只覆盖气候、D只覆盖历史,都是片面的,只有A选项“关于撒哈拉沙漠的事实”能覆盖全文内容,因此选A。
【答案】
1. B 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. A
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找
词义猜测
主旨大意归纳
【点评】
本题属于人文科普类基础说明文阅读,考点覆盖细节理解、词义猜测、主旨归纳三类常见阅读题型,所有细节题的答案都能在原文中直接找到对应依据,没有设置过多干扰性强的陷阱,适合学生练习快速定位文本信息的能力,帮助学生掌握说明文阅读的基本解题方法。
【难度系数】
0.8
这是一篇介绍撒哈拉沙漠的说明文阅读理解,解题时遵循先明确题干考点,再带着关键词回原文定位匹配信息的思路:
1. 第1题询问撒哈拉沙漠的位置,提取关键词"Sahara Desert"回到原文第一段查找位置描述即可快速锁定答案;
2. 第2题是词义猜测题,找到划线词后的补充解释,结合“无固定住所、四处迁徙、依靠牛羊骆驼获取食物和出行”的特征,匹配对应的中文释义;
3. 第3题判断关于贝都因人的正确表述,将每个选项逐一和原文中Bedouin的相关描述比对,排除和原文不符的错误选项;
4. 第4题询问沙漠的定义,定位到第三段关于沙漠定义的专门说明内容,直接匹配对应描述即可;
5. 第5题是主旨大意题,梳理全文各段内容:文章分别介绍了撒哈拉的地理位置、气候特点、居住的游牧民族、沙漠的定义、撒哈拉的历史演变,整体都是介绍撒哈拉沙漠的各类相关事实,排除只覆盖部分段落内容的片面选项,选出最贴合全文主旨的答案。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段"It covers over nine million square kilometres across North Africa.",明确撒哈拉沙漠分布在北非,对应选项B,排除A(北亚)、C(加拿大北部)、D(北美)的错误表述。
2. 划线词后补充说明这类人没有固定住所,四处迁徙,依靠牛羊骆驼获取食物和交通工具,符合游牧民族的特征,对应中文释义是D选项游牧民族,排除A农耕、B渔猎、C定居的错误选项。
3. 逐一比对选项:A选项Bedouin的意思是“沙漠居民”不是“热爱沙漠的人”,表述错误;B选项原文说明他们依靠牛羊骆驼出行,没有提到汽车卡车,表述错误;C选项原文明确说明水对他们来说是最重要的,表述正确;D选项原文说没有水生命无法存续,不是没有牛羊骆驼就不可能生存,表述错误。因此选C。
4. 定位原文第三段"To be a desert, a place must get less than 250 mm of rain each year.",明确沙漠的定义是年降水量不足250毫米,对应选项D,排除A(有游牧民居住的地方不是沙漠定义)、B(并非全年都炎热干燥)、C(撒哈拉仅25%是沙,该表述错误)。
5. 全文从地理位置、气候、居民、地貌、历史多个维度介绍撒哈拉沙漠的相关事实,B只覆盖居民、C只覆盖气候、D只覆盖历史,都是片面的,只有A选项“关于撒哈拉沙漠的事实”能覆盖全文内容,因此选A。
【答案】
1. B 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. A
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找
词义猜测
主旨大意归纳
【点评】
本题属于人文科普类基础说明文阅读,考点覆盖细节理解、词义猜测、主旨归纳三类常见阅读题型,所有细节题的答案都能在原文中直接找到对应依据,没有设置过多干扰性强的陷阱,适合学生练习快速定位文本信息的能力,帮助学生掌握说明文阅读的基本解题方法。
【难度系数】
0.8