七、任务型阅读。
阅读短文，回答下列问题。
Everybody knows that cats like to sleep. They spend more than half of their lives sleeping and enjoy every minute of it. Other animals have different sleeping habits, however. Horses may not look like they are asleep. But they are! Horses spend about six hours sleeping every day and they do it standing up!
Fish also sleep every day but they have a strange habit. They don't close their eyes when they are sleeping. When ducks sleep they keep one eye open and half of the brain awake. It helps them stay alert(警觉的) and watch out for dangerous animals.
So what about humans? Well, most people sleep for about a third of their lives. The number of hours they sleep, however, has something to do with their age. Most newborn(新生的) babies sleep a lot. They spend about 75% of their time sleeping every day! As they get older, they need less sleep. Children need about eleven hours of sleep and adults sleep for about eight hours every night. So, you spend many hours a year doing nothing—just sleeping in bed!
But you're not just asleep—you're not really doing nothing. Your body and your mind relax during this time, and a lot of things happen during sleep. Dreams are one way that the mind relaxes after a busy day. A person spends about 20% of every night dreaming. That means you have about four or five dreams every night and about 1,600 dreams a year.
注：每题答案不超过6个词。
1. How do horses sleep?
2. How long do most newborn babies sleep one day?
3. How many hours do adults sleep less than children?
4. How do fish sleep?
5. According to the writer, what's the way that the mind relaxes after a busy day?
阅读短文，回答下列问题。
Everybody knows that cats like to sleep. They spend more than half of their lives sleeping and enjoy every minute of it. Other animals have different sleeping habits, however. Horses may not look like they are asleep. But they are! Horses spend about six hours sleeping every day and they do it standing up!
Fish also sleep every day but they have a strange habit. They don't close their eyes when they are sleeping. When ducks sleep they keep one eye open and half of the brain awake. It helps them stay alert(警觉的) and watch out for dangerous animals.
So what about humans? Well, most people sleep for about a third of their lives. The number of hours they sleep, however, has something to do with their age. Most newborn(新生的) babies sleep a lot. They spend about 75% of their time sleeping every day! As they get older, they need less sleep. Children need about eleven hours of sleep and adults sleep for about eight hours every night. So, you spend many hours a year doing nothing—just sleeping in bed!
But you're not just asleep—you're not really doing nothing. Your body and your mind relax during this time, and a lot of things happen during sleep. Dreams are one way that the mind relaxes after a busy day. A person spends about 20% of every night dreaming. That means you have about four or five dreams every night and about 1,600 dreams a year.
注：每题答案不超过6个词。
1. How do horses sleep?
They stand up to sleep.
2. How long do most newborn babies sleep one day?
For about 18 hours.
3. How many hours do adults sleep less than children?
About three hours.
4. How do fish sleep?
They sleep with eyes open.
5. According to the writer, what's the way that the mind relaxes after a busy day?
By dreaming.
答案：七、1. They stand up to sleep.
2. For about 18 hours.
3. About three hours.
4. They sleep with eyes open.
5. By dreaming.
2. For about 18 hours.
3. About three hours.
4. They sleep with eyes open.
5. By dreaming.
解析：
【分析】
这是细节类任务型阅读，首先明确题干要求所有答案不能超过6个词，解题思路为：第一步先标记每个题干的核心关键词，带着关键词回原文精准定位对应段落的语句；第二步定位后提取对应信息，涉及简单时长计算的部分快速算出结果；最后核对提炼的答案字数，确保符合不超过6词的要求，同时和原文表意完全匹配。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段最后一句“Horses spend about six hours sleeping every day and they do it standing up!”，提炼马的睡觉方式，得到对应答案。
2. 定位原文第三段“Most newborn babies sleep a lot. They spend about 75% of their time sleeping every day!”，一天共24小时，24×75%=18小时，得到对应答案。
3. 定位原文第三段“Children need about eleven hours of sleep and adults sleep for about eight hours every night”，11-8=3小时，得到对应答案。
4. 定位原文第二段“Fish also sleep every day but they have a strange habit. They don't close their eyes when they are sleeping.”，提炼鱼的睡眠特征，得到对应答案。
5. 定位原文第四段“Dreams are one way that the mind relaxes after a busy day.”，提炼大脑放松的方式，得到对应答案。
【答案】
1. They stand up to sleep.
2. For about 18 hours.
3. About three hours.
4. They sleep with eyes open.
5. By dreaming.
【知识点】
阅读细节定位，信息提取加工，简单时长计算
【点评】
本题属于基础难度的说明文任务型阅读，大部分考点是原文细节直接查找，仅两处涉及简单的时长换算，只要学生能准确定位题干对应的原文内容，同时严格遵守答案不超过6个词的答题要求，就可以顺利完成作答，整体考察学生快速抓取文本关键信息的能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是细节类任务型阅读，首先明确题干要求所有答案不能超过6个词，解题思路为：第一步先标记每个题干的核心关键词，带着关键词回原文精准定位对应段落的语句；第二步定位后提取对应信息，涉及简单时长计算的部分快速算出结果；最后核对提炼的答案字数，确保符合不超过6词的要求，同时和原文表意完全匹配。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段最后一句“Horses spend about six hours sleeping every day and they do it standing up!”，提炼马的睡觉方式，得到对应答案。
2. 定位原文第三段“Most newborn babies sleep a lot. They spend about 75% of their time sleeping every day!”，一天共24小时，24×75%=18小时，得到对应答案。
3. 定位原文第三段“Children need about eleven hours of sleep and adults sleep for about eight hours every night”，11-8=3小时，得到对应答案。
4. 定位原文第二段“Fish also sleep every day but they have a strange habit. They don't close their eyes when they are sleeping.”，提炼鱼的睡眠特征，得到对应答案。
5. 定位原文第四段“Dreams are one way that the mind relaxes after a busy day.”，提炼大脑放松的方式，得到对应答案。
【答案】
1. They stand up to sleep.
2. For about 18 hours.
3. About three hours.
4. They sleep with eyes open.
5. By dreaming.
【知识点】
阅读细节定位，信息提取加工，简单时长计算
【点评】
本题属于基础难度的说明文任务型阅读，大部分考点是原文细节直接查找，仅两处涉及简单的时长换算，只要学生能准确定位题干对应的原文内容，同时严格遵守答案不超过6个词的答题要求，就可以顺利完成作答，整体考察学生快速抓取文本关键信息的能力。
【难度系数】
0.7