五、热点素材阅读理解。
①At 11:44 p. m., on 31 October 2025, Shenzhou - 21 was successfully launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre. Carried by the Long March 2F Y21 carrier rocket, the spaceship entered its predetermined orbit(预定轨道) about 10 minutes later, with astronauts Zhang Lu, Wu Fei, and Zhang Hongzhang in good condition. This was the 37th flight mission of China's manned space programme(载人航天工程) and the final manned mission of 2025, marking solid progress in China's aerospace cause(航天事业).
②A major highlight was its ultra - fast autonomous rendezvous and docking(自主交会对接). At 3:22 on 1 November, only 3.5 hours after the launch, the spaceship docked with the Tianhe core module(天和核心舱) of China's space station. This set a new record for China's manned space missions, showing the maturity of its docking technology. The scheme balanced efficiency and safety, greatly improving the space station's in - orbit operation efficiency(在轨运行效率).
③Soon after, the 7th “space meeting” in China's aerospace history happened. The Shenzhou - 21 crew met the Shenzhou - 20 crew, who had been on orbit for over 180 days. They conducted a 5 - day in - orbit handover(在轨交接), including file and equipment transfer, ensuring the space station's stable operation.
④During their stay, the crew completed many scientific projects, including China's first in - orbit rodent mammal experiment(在轨啮齿类哺乳动物实验) to support long - term manned spaceflight(长期载人航天). They also installed space debris protection devices(空间碎片防护装置) and performed extravehicular activities(出舱活动) for equipment maintenance. The rocket had nearly 20 technical improvements, and the return capsule(返回舱) was optimized to enhance load capacity.
⑤As a key mission in the space station's application phase, Shenzhou - 21 improved the station's operation capability and accumulated experience for future tasks. It showcases China's growing aerospace strength and inspires people to pursue dreams in science and space exploration.
(
A. About 10 minutes.
B. 3.5 hours.
C. 5 days.
D. Over 180 days.
(
A. It has no room for further improvement.
B. It is developing rapidly and has strong strength.
C. It only focuses on manned space missions.
D. It has never set any records in space technology.
(
A. Completing many scientific projects including a rodent mammal experiment.
B. Installing space debris protection devices outside the station.
C. Conducting a 5 - day in - orbit handover with Shenzhou - 20 crew.
D. Making nearly 20 technical improvements to the rocket.
(
A. ①/②③④/⑤
B. ①②/③④/⑤
C. ①/②③/④⑤
D. ①②③/④/⑤
(
A. Astronauts preparing for space missions.
B. Middle school students interested in space.
C. Scientists researching rocket technology.
D. Engineers designing space stations.
①At 11:44 p. m., on 31 October 2025, Shenzhou - 21 was successfully launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre. Carried by the Long March 2F Y21 carrier rocket, the spaceship entered its predetermined orbit(预定轨道) about 10 minutes later, with astronauts Zhang Lu, Wu Fei, and Zhang Hongzhang in good condition. This was the 37th flight mission of China's manned space programme(载人航天工程) and the final manned mission of 2025, marking solid progress in China's aerospace cause(航天事业).
②A major highlight was its ultra - fast autonomous rendezvous and docking(自主交会对接). At 3:22 on 1 November, only 3.5 hours after the launch, the spaceship docked with the Tianhe core module(天和核心舱) of China's space station. This set a new record for China's manned space missions, showing the maturity of its docking technology. The scheme balanced efficiency and safety, greatly improving the space station's in - orbit operation efficiency(在轨运行效率).
③Soon after, the 7th “space meeting” in China's aerospace history happened. The Shenzhou - 21 crew met the Shenzhou - 20 crew, who had been on orbit for over 180 days. They conducted a 5 - day in - orbit handover(在轨交接), including file and equipment transfer, ensuring the space station's stable operation.
④During their stay, the crew completed many scientific projects, including China's first in - orbit rodent mammal experiment(在轨啮齿类哺乳动物实验) to support long - term manned spaceflight(长期载人航天). They also installed space debris protection devices(空间碎片防护装置) and performed extravehicular activities(出舱活动) for equipment maintenance. The rocket had nearly 20 technical improvements, and the return capsule(返回舱) was optimized to enhance load capacity.
⑤As a key mission in the space station's application phase, Shenzhou - 21 improved the station's operation capability and accumulated experience for future tasks. It showcases China's growing aerospace strength and inspires people to pursue dreams in science and space exploration.
(
B
)1. How long did it take Shenzhou - 21 to dock with the Tianhe core module after the launch?A. About 10 minutes.
B. 3.5 hours.
C. 5 days.
D. Over 180 days.
(
B
)2. What can we infer from the passage about China's aerospace industry?A. It has no room for further improvement.
B. It is developing rapidly and has strong strength.
C. It only focuses on manned space missions.
D. It has never set any records in space technology.
(
D
)3. Which of the following is NOT part of the Shenzhou - 21 crew's in - orbit tasks?A. Completing many scientific projects including a rodent mammal experiment.
B. Installing space debris protection devices outside the station.
C. Conducting a 5 - day in - orbit handover with Shenzhou - 20 crew.
D. Making nearly 20 technical improvements to the rocket.
(
A
)4. What is the structure of the passage?A. ①/②③④/⑤
B. ①②/③④/⑤
C. ①/②③/④⑤
D. ①②③/④/⑤
(
B
)5. Who is the passage most likely written for?A. Astronauts preparing for space missions.
B. Middle school students interested in space.
C. Scientists researching rocket technology.
D. Engineers designing space stations.
答案：五、1. B 【点拨】根据文章第二段第二句“At 3:22 on 1 November, only 3.5 hours after the launch, the spaceship docked with the Tianhe core module(天和核心舱) of China's space station.”可知选 B。
2. B 【点拨】根据文章最后一段中的“It showcases China's growing aerospace strength”可知，中国航天实力不断增强，发展迅速。故选 B。
3. D 【点拨】根据全文内容可知，D 选项“对火箭进行近 20 项技术改进”在第四段最后一句提及，但主语是“the rocket”（火箭），并非乘组的在轨任务，而是发射前的技术优化。故选 D。
4. A 【点拨】第一段介绍神舟二十一号的基本信息；第二段讲核心亮点（快速对接）、第三段讲太空会面与在轨交接、第四段讲在轨任务，这三段均为具体任务细节；第五段总结任务意义。因此结构为“总起/分述/总结”。故选 A。
5. B 【点拨】文章语言简洁，术语配中文注释，内容涵盖发射、任务、意义等基础信息，无过于专业的深度研究内容，适合对太空感兴趣的中学生阅读。故选 B。
2. B 【点拨】根据文章最后一段中的“It showcases China's growing aerospace strength”可知，中国航天实力不断增强，发展迅速。故选 B。
3. D 【点拨】根据全文内容可知，D 选项“对火箭进行近 20 项技术改进”在第四段最后一句提及，但主语是“the rocket”（火箭），并非乘组的在轨任务，而是发射前的技术优化。故选 D。
4. A 【点拨】第一段介绍神舟二十一号的基本信息；第二段讲核心亮点（快速对接）、第三段讲太空会面与在轨交接、第四段讲在轨任务，这三段均为具体任务细节；第五段总结任务意义。因此结构为“总起/分述/总结”。故选 A。
5. B 【点拨】文章语言简洁，术语配中文注释，内容涵盖发射、任务、意义等基础信息，无过于专业的深度研究内容，适合对太空感兴趣的中学生阅读。故选 B。
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇航天热点主题的英语阅读理解题，解题时可以按照以下思路推进：首先明确每道题的设问类型，细节题直接带着题干关键词回到原文对应段落定位关键语句，推断题结合全文信息逐一排除不符合逻辑的错误选项，篇章结构题先梳理每段的段落功能区分总起、分述、总结部分，读者推断题结合文章的语言难度、内容定位匹配适配的目标群体，就能快速得到正确答案。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第②段第二句“At 3:22 on 1 November, only 3.5 hours after the launch, the spaceship docked with the Tianhe core module of China's space station”，可知神舟二十一号发射后仅3.5小时就完成了和天和核心舱的对接，对应选项B。
2. 逐一核对选项：A选项“没有进一步提升空间”和原文提到本次任务为后续任务积累经验的表述矛盾；B选项“发展迅速、实力强劲”对应原文创造对接新纪录、航天实力持续增长的描述，符合文意；C选项“只专注载人航天任务”表述绝对，原文还提及空间碎片防护、各类科学实验等其他方向，表述错误；D选项“航天技术从未创造纪录”和原文提到本次任务创下中国载人航天新纪录的内容矛盾，因此选B。
3. 本题为选非题，逐一核对内容：A选项对应第④段首句的在轨啮齿类哺乳动物实验相关内容，属于乘组在轨任务；B选项对应第④段安装空间碎片防护装置的内容，属于在轨任务；C选项对应第③段和神舟二十号乘组开展5天在轨交接的内容，属于在轨任务；D选项“对火箭进行近20项技术改进”是地面研发阶段的优化工作，并非乘组在轨完成的任务，符合选非要求，因此选D。
4. 梳理段落功能：第①段总述神舟二十一号发射成功的基本背景，属于总起部分；第②段介绍快速自主对接亮点、第③段介绍太空会面与在轨交接、第④段介绍各类在轨任务，三段都是任务细节的分述内容；第⑤段总结本次任务的意义和价值，属于总结部分，因此篇章结构为①/②③④/⑤，对应选项A。
5. 分析适配读者：A选项准备执行任务的宇航员不需要阅读这类科普性质的基础介绍内容；B选项对太空感兴趣的中学生，文章语言难度适中，专业术语附带中文注释，科普属性强，完全适配该群体；C选项研究火箭技术的科学家、D选项设计空间站的工程师都属于专业从业者，不需要这类基础科普内容，因此选B。
【答案】
1.B 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.B
【知识点】
细节信息定位，篇章结构分析，文本推断
【点评】
本题结合我国最新航天热点命题，考点覆盖了初中英语阅读理解常见的全题型，同时专业术语附带中文注释，既降低了阅读门槛，也能让学生在解题过程中了解我国航天事业的发展成果，兼顾知识性和趣味性。
【难度系数】
0.75
这是一篇航天热点主题的英语阅读理解题，解题时可以按照以下思路推进：首先明确每道题的设问类型，细节题直接带着题干关键词回到原文对应段落定位关键语句，推断题结合全文信息逐一排除不符合逻辑的错误选项，篇章结构题先梳理每段的段落功能区分总起、分述、总结部分，读者推断题结合文章的语言难度、内容定位匹配适配的目标群体，就能快速得到正确答案。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第②段第二句“At 3:22 on 1 November, only 3.5 hours after the launch, the spaceship docked with the Tianhe core module of China's space station”，可知神舟二十一号发射后仅3.5小时就完成了和天和核心舱的对接，对应选项B。
2. 逐一核对选项：A选项“没有进一步提升空间”和原文提到本次任务为后续任务积累经验的表述矛盾；B选项“发展迅速、实力强劲”对应原文创造对接新纪录、航天实力持续增长的描述，符合文意；C选项“只专注载人航天任务”表述绝对，原文还提及空间碎片防护、各类科学实验等其他方向，表述错误；D选项“航天技术从未创造纪录”和原文提到本次任务创下中国载人航天新纪录的内容矛盾，因此选B。
3. 本题为选非题，逐一核对内容：A选项对应第④段首句的在轨啮齿类哺乳动物实验相关内容，属于乘组在轨任务；B选项对应第④段安装空间碎片防护装置的内容，属于在轨任务；C选项对应第③段和神舟二十号乘组开展5天在轨交接的内容，属于在轨任务；D选项“对火箭进行近20项技术改进”是地面研发阶段的优化工作，并非乘组在轨完成的任务，符合选非要求，因此选D。
4. 梳理段落功能：第①段总述神舟二十一号发射成功的基本背景，属于总起部分；第②段介绍快速自主对接亮点、第③段介绍太空会面与在轨交接、第④段介绍各类在轨任务，三段都是任务细节的分述内容；第⑤段总结本次任务的意义和价值，属于总结部分，因此篇章结构为①/②③④/⑤，对应选项A。
5. 分析适配读者：A选项准备执行任务的宇航员不需要阅读这类科普性质的基础介绍内容；B选项对太空感兴趣的中学生，文章语言难度适中，专业术语附带中文注释，科普属性强，完全适配该群体；C选项研究火箭技术的科学家、D选项设计空间站的工程师都属于专业从业者，不需要这类基础科普内容，因此选B。
【答案】
1.B 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.B
【知识点】
细节信息定位，篇章结构分析，文本推断
【点评】
本题结合我国最新航天热点命题，考点覆盖了初中英语阅读理解常见的全题型，同时专业术语附带中文注释，既降低了阅读门槛，也能让学生在解题过程中了解我国航天事业的发展成果，兼顾知识性和趣味性。
【难度系数】
0.75