七、信息还原。
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺连贯，其中有两项是多余选项。
Imagine pioneers travelling west in the 1800s. In those days, it was hard to find running water and shops where people could buy things. As time went by, most pioneers had to make their homes near a river so that they could get water easily.
How did rivers help people in the past?
Back in the pioneer days, people grew their own food, caught their own fish, and collected their own water.
When building factories next to rivers to use water power, some people choose to live nearby for work. They use the river to ship large goods, and some of them work at these factories where power factories provide electricity to homes and businesses.
Who wouldn't want to live near a river?
Some people are nervous about living near rivers because rivers can cause floods(洪水). Every once in a while, floodwaters rise higher than a house, ruining(破坏) many things in the house.
How do people decide where to live?
A. Why do people live near rivers now?
B. Some factories put their waste into rivers.
C. Staying close to a river made it easy for people to get water for living.
D. People who carry goods onto ships live near the river, too.
E. People should think over the possible risks before deciding where to live.
F. Why did people want to live near a river?
G. Factories also use river water to water the crops around them.
1.
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺连贯，其中有两项是多余选项。
Imagine pioneers travelling west in the 1800s. In those days, it was hard to find running water and shops where people could buy things. As time went by, most pioneers had to make their homes near a river so that they could get water easily.
How did rivers help people in the past?
Back in the pioneer days, people grew their own food, caught their own fish, and collected their own water.
C
People also used rivers as roads, travelling on boats. Traders shipped goods(货物) to people from other areas.A
When building factories next to rivers to use water power, some people choose to live nearby for work. They use the river to ship large goods, and some of them work at these factories where power factories provide electricity to homes and businesses.
D
Who wouldn't want to live near a river?
Some people are nervous about living near rivers because rivers can cause floods(洪水). Every once in a while, floodwaters rise higher than a house, ruining(破坏) many things in the house.
B
Such waste causes water to smell bad and pollutes the crops(庄稼) we eat. Water and crops in polluted areas can make people very sick.How do people decide where to live?
E
Rivers can provide jobs and fun activities in a beautiful place. However, those living by rivers should be willing to accept possible problems as well.A. Why do people live near rivers now?
B. Some factories put their waste into rivers.
C. Staying close to a river made it easy for people to get water for living.
D. People who carry goods onto ships live near the river, too.
E. People should think over the possible risks before deciding where to live.
F. Why did people want to live near a river?
G. Factories also use river water to water the crops around them.
1.
C
2. A
3. D
4. B
5. E
答案：七、1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. E
解析：
【分析】
做这类信息还原题，首先要先通读全文，梳理文章整体行文逻辑：本文按照时间顺序，先介绍过去河流对人类的作用，再讲解现代临河居住的优势，之后点明临河居住的隐患，最后说明人们选址居住的考量。解题时逐空定位上下文，寻找前后内容的呼应点：
1. 第一空前文提到拓荒时期人们需要自己收集生活用水，后文引出河流作为道路的另一作用，空缺处需要承接“取水”的相关内容，匹配对应选项。
2. 第二空位于段落开头，是该段的主题句，前文已经介绍完过去河流的作用，本段内容围绕现代人们依托河流工作、建厂获取电力展开，因此主题句要对应“当下人们临河居住的原因”的设问。
3. 第三空前文列举了两类在河边工作的人群：在工厂务工的人、发电厂的工作人员，空缺处需要顺承列举另一类和河流相关的从业者，保证逻辑连贯。
4. 第四空后文提到“这类废物污染水源、庄稼”，空缺处必须引出“河流废弃物”的相关内容，形成指代呼应。
5. 第五空位于段首，该段后文点明临河居住既有好处也有潜在问题，空缺处要引出“选址居住前需要考量风险”的核心观点，完成全文收尾。
【解析】
1. 第一空：前文提到拓荒时代人们需要自行收集生活用水，C选项“住在河边让人们很容易获取生活用水”正好承接前文的取水需求，和后文河流的其他作用形成并列，符合语境。
2. 第二空：本段内容全部围绕现代人们依托河流建厂、获取电力、开展货运展开，A选项“为什么现在人们住在河边？”作为段首主题句，精准引出本段内容，和上一段“过去河流如何帮助人们”的内容形成时间线的递进。
3. 第三空：前文已经列举了在河边工厂、发电厂工作的人群，D选项“把货物运上船的人也住在河边”顺承补充了另一类和河运相关的临河居住人群，逻辑连贯。
4. 第四空：后文的“Such waste”指代空缺处提到的废弃物，B选项“一些工厂把它们的废弃物排入河流”正好对应后文的污染相关描述，形成指代呼应。
5. 第五空：本段核心是讲解人们选择居住地的判断标准，后文提到临河有好处但也要接受可能的问题，E选项“人们在决定住在哪里之前应该仔细考虑可能的风险”契合本段主旨，完成全文总结。
【答案】
1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. E
【知识点】
语篇逻辑衔接，阅读信息还原，上下文语境理解
【点评】
本题属于初中英语典型的信息还原题型，行文逻辑清晰，按照“过去-现在-利弊-决策”的脉络展开，重点考查学生对语篇整体结构的把握能力，以及通过前后句的指代、内容呼应锁定答案的能力，同时设置了两个多余干扰选项，需要学生区分不符合段落主题的内容，排除错选。
【难度系数】
0.6
做这类信息还原题，首先要先通读全文，梳理文章整体行文逻辑：本文按照时间顺序，先介绍过去河流对人类的作用，再讲解现代临河居住的优势，之后点明临河居住的隐患，最后说明人们选址居住的考量。解题时逐空定位上下文，寻找前后内容的呼应点：
1. 第一空前文提到拓荒时期人们需要自己收集生活用水，后文引出河流作为道路的另一作用，空缺处需要承接“取水”的相关内容，匹配对应选项。
2. 第二空位于段落开头，是该段的主题句，前文已经介绍完过去河流的作用，本段内容围绕现代人们依托河流工作、建厂获取电力展开，因此主题句要对应“当下人们临河居住的原因”的设问。
3. 第三空前文列举了两类在河边工作的人群：在工厂务工的人、发电厂的工作人员，空缺处需要顺承列举另一类和河流相关的从业者，保证逻辑连贯。
4. 第四空后文提到“这类废物污染水源、庄稼”，空缺处必须引出“河流废弃物”的相关内容，形成指代呼应。
5. 第五空位于段首，该段后文点明临河居住既有好处也有潜在问题，空缺处要引出“选址居住前需要考量风险”的核心观点，完成全文收尾。
【解析】
1. 第一空：前文提到拓荒时代人们需要自行收集生活用水，C选项“住在河边让人们很容易获取生活用水”正好承接前文的取水需求，和后文河流的其他作用形成并列，符合语境。
2. 第二空：本段内容全部围绕现代人们依托河流建厂、获取电力、开展货运展开，A选项“为什么现在人们住在河边？”作为段首主题句，精准引出本段内容，和上一段“过去河流如何帮助人们”的内容形成时间线的递进。
3. 第三空：前文已经列举了在河边工厂、发电厂工作的人群，D选项“把货物运上船的人也住在河边”顺承补充了另一类和河运相关的临河居住人群，逻辑连贯。
4. 第四空：后文的“Such waste”指代空缺处提到的废弃物，B选项“一些工厂把它们的废弃物排入河流”正好对应后文的污染相关描述，形成指代呼应。
5. 第五空：本段核心是讲解人们选择居住地的判断标准，后文提到临河有好处但也要接受可能的问题，E选项“人们在决定住在哪里之前应该仔细考虑可能的风险”契合本段主旨，完成全文总结。
【答案】
1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. E
【知识点】
语篇逻辑衔接，阅读信息还原，上下文语境理解
【点评】
本题属于初中英语典型的信息还原题型，行文逻辑清晰，按照“过去-现在-利弊-决策”的脉络展开，重点考查学生对语篇整体结构的把握能力，以及通过前后句的指代、内容呼应锁定答案的能力，同时设置了两个多余干扰选项，需要学生区分不符合段落主题的内容，排除错选。
【难度系数】
0.6