七、信息还原。
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺连贯，其中有两项为多余选项。
Napoga is a 12-year-old girl in Ghana (加纳), Africa. It is hard for her family to get clean water. Every morning, she leaves home at half past five to get clean water for her family in a village far away. 1 She has no time to go to school or to play with her friends. Millions of people in the world are facing the problem of water shortage like Napoga. They can't get enough clean water to keep healthy.
Earth Day is on 22 April. 2 The water we use is the most important natural resource on earth. Water covers about 70% of the earth's surface. 3 We can't use it for many things. Fresh water covers only a little of the earth's surface.
4 But that doesn't mean you don't have to worry about water. We all face serious water problems. One of them is water pollution. Many kinds of things from cars, factories, farms and homes make our rivers, lakes and oceans dirty.
Polluted water is very bad for people's health. 5 Now, many fish are dying out.
Scientists say that in 30 years, more than half of the people in the world won't have enough clean water. We have to learn how to save more water for ourselves and our children.
A. And dirty water is bad for fish too.
B. Unfortunately, most of that is sea water.
C. Pollution has led to serious problems of water shortage.
D. But we should carry its spirit all year round.
E. You probably feel lucky that your life isn't as hard as Napoga's.
F. It takes her six hours to get enough clean water for daily cooking and drinking.
G. Many African children like Napoga love going to school very much.
1.
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺连贯，其中有两项为多余选项。
Napoga is a 12-year-old girl in Ghana (加纳), Africa. It is hard for her family to get clean water. Every morning, she leaves home at half past five to get clean water for her family in a village far away. 1 She has no time to go to school or to play with her friends. Millions of people in the world are facing the problem of water shortage like Napoga. They can't get enough clean water to keep healthy.
Earth Day is on 22 April. 2 The water we use is the most important natural resource on earth. Water covers about 70% of the earth's surface. 3 We can't use it for many things. Fresh water covers only a little of the earth's surface.
4 But that doesn't mean you don't have to worry about water. We all face serious water problems. One of them is water pollution. Many kinds of things from cars, factories, farms and homes make our rivers, lakes and oceans dirty.
Polluted water is very bad for people's health. 5 Now, many fish are dying out.
Scientists say that in 30 years, more than half of the people in the world won't have enough clean water. We have to learn how to save more water for ourselves and our children.
A. And dirty water is bad for fish too.
B. Unfortunately, most of that is sea water.
C. Pollution has led to serious problems of water shortage.
D. But we should carry its spirit all year round.
E. You probably feel lucky that your life isn't as hard as Napoga's.
F. It takes her six hours to get enough clean water for daily cooking and drinking.
G. Many African children like Napoga love going to school very much.
1.
F
2. D
3. B
4. E
5. A
答案：1. F 2. D 3. B 4. E 5. A
解析：
【分析】
做这类信息还原（七选五）题型，首先要先通读全文，明确本文核心主题是介绍全球水资源短缺现状、科普水资源相关常识，呼吁大家节约用水。接下来逐空定位前后文的逻辑关联，通过上下文的指代关系、转折/递进逻辑、内容呼应来匹配选项：
1. 第一空前文提到Napoga每天很早出门去很远的村子取干净水，后文直接说她没有时间上学和玩耍，说明空缺处要补充“取水耗时极长”的相关内容，才能顺理成章引出后文她没有空余时间的结果。
2. 第二空前文刚引出“地球日在4月22日”的信息，后文转而开始介绍水资源的重要性，空缺处需要把地球日的主题和后文的环保、水资源保护内容衔接起来。
3. 第三空前文说地球表面70%被水覆盖，后文却说这些水很多场景都无法使用，淡水占比极低，空缺处要解释为什么占比这么高的水却没法用的原因。
4. 第四空后文出现转折词But，说“但这不代表你不需要担忧水资源问题”，说明空缺处内容是和后文语义相反的、能让读者觉得自己不需要为水发愁的相关表述。
5. 第五空前文说被污染的水对人体健康有害，后文提到现在很多鱼类正在灭绝，空缺处要搭建起污水和鱼类受害之间的关联，形成递进逻辑。
最后排除两个多余选项：G选项说很多像Napoga的非洲孩子很爱上学，和后文“她没时间上学”的内容逻辑冲突；C选项说污染导致严重的水资源短缺，放在对应空缺位置都无法匹配上下文衔接，因此排除。
【解析】
1. 空1：前文描述Napoga长途取水的行为，后文说明她没有空余时间，F选项“她要花6个小时才能获取足够日常做饭和饮用的干净水”刚好承接取水的行为，解释了她没有时间上学玩耍的原因，逻辑通顺。
2. 空2：前文点明地球日的日期，D选项“但我们应该全年践行它的精神”里的its指代前文的地球日，自然过渡到后文对水资源重要性的科普，符合逻辑。
3. 空3：前文指出地球70%的表面被水覆盖，后文说明可用淡水占比极低，B选项“不幸的是，其中绝大部分是海水”刚好解释了为什么占比极高的水资源却大多无法使用，衔接前后文。
4. 空4：后文But转折引出所有人都面临严峻的水资源问题，E选项“你可能觉得很幸运，你的生活不像Napoga那样艰难”刚好是转折前读者的普遍心态，和后文“依然要担忧水问题”形成转折呼应。
5. 空5：前文说明污水危害人体健康，后文提到大量鱼类灭绝，A选项“并且脏水对鱼类也有害”形成递进逻辑，完美衔接前后内容。
【答案】
1. F 2. D 3. B 4. E 5. A
【知识点】
英语七选五阅读，语篇逻辑衔接，科普类阅读
【点评】
本题属于初中英语典型的信息还原题型，整体难度适中，重点考察学生对语篇上下文逻辑关系的把控能力，解题时重点关注转折、递进类关联词的提示作用，通过前后内容的呼应匹配选项，就能轻松排除干扰项选出正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.7
做这类信息还原（七选五）题型，首先要先通读全文，明确本文核心主题是介绍全球水资源短缺现状、科普水资源相关常识，呼吁大家节约用水。接下来逐空定位前后文的逻辑关联，通过上下文的指代关系、转折/递进逻辑、内容呼应来匹配选项：
1. 第一空前文提到Napoga每天很早出门去很远的村子取干净水，后文直接说她没有时间上学和玩耍，说明空缺处要补充“取水耗时极长”的相关内容，才能顺理成章引出后文她没有空余时间的结果。
2. 第二空前文刚引出“地球日在4月22日”的信息，后文转而开始介绍水资源的重要性，空缺处需要把地球日的主题和后文的环保、水资源保护内容衔接起来。
3. 第三空前文说地球表面70%被水覆盖，后文却说这些水很多场景都无法使用，淡水占比极低，空缺处要解释为什么占比这么高的水却没法用的原因。
4. 第四空后文出现转折词But，说“但这不代表你不需要担忧水资源问题”，说明空缺处内容是和后文语义相反的、能让读者觉得自己不需要为水发愁的相关表述。
5. 第五空前文说被污染的水对人体健康有害，后文提到现在很多鱼类正在灭绝，空缺处要搭建起污水和鱼类受害之间的关联，形成递进逻辑。
最后排除两个多余选项：G选项说很多像Napoga的非洲孩子很爱上学，和后文“她没时间上学”的内容逻辑冲突；C选项说污染导致严重的水资源短缺，放在对应空缺位置都无法匹配上下文衔接，因此排除。
【解析】
1. 空1：前文描述Napoga长途取水的行为，后文说明她没有空余时间，F选项“她要花6个小时才能获取足够日常做饭和饮用的干净水”刚好承接取水的行为，解释了她没有时间上学玩耍的原因，逻辑通顺。
2. 空2：前文点明地球日的日期，D选项“但我们应该全年践行它的精神”里的its指代前文的地球日，自然过渡到后文对水资源重要性的科普，符合逻辑。
3. 空3：前文指出地球70%的表面被水覆盖，后文说明可用淡水占比极低，B选项“不幸的是，其中绝大部分是海水”刚好解释了为什么占比极高的水资源却大多无法使用，衔接前后文。
4. 空4：后文But转折引出所有人都面临严峻的水资源问题，E选项“你可能觉得很幸运，你的生活不像Napoga那样艰难”刚好是转折前读者的普遍心态，和后文“依然要担忧水问题”形成转折呼应。
5. 空5：前文说明污水危害人体健康，后文提到大量鱼类灭绝，A选项“并且脏水对鱼类也有害”形成递进逻辑，完美衔接前后内容。
【答案】
1. F 2. D 3. B 4. E 5. A
【知识点】
英语七选五阅读，语篇逻辑衔接，科普类阅读
【点评】
本题属于初中英语典型的信息还原题型，整体难度适中，重点考察学生对语篇上下文逻辑关系的把控能力，解题时重点关注转折、递进类关联词的提示作用，通过前后内容的呼应匹配选项，就能轻松排除干扰项选出正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.7