四、缺词填空。(每空一词)
Imagine one day the water taps in your house stop running. You have to pay a lot of money for water from shops, and even electricity use has to be s 1 to match the scarce(稀少的) water supply. And still there isn't e 2 water to everyone. Your mother has to save the family's shower water for w 3 clothes. Could you stand that kind of life?
Probably not. But that is what kids in Yemen are experiencing. A 4 to a report, Sana'a, the capital of Yemen, will run out of drinking water. This serious water shortage has caused a lot of d 5 to people's daily lives. Because of the water shortage, the government of Yemen often cuts the water supply. Hannan, an 18-year-old girl said, “In a good week we'll have a water supply all the week. But then in the f 6 week there will be water only for a day or two.”
Hannan said only rich people have enough water to u 7. They can buy water from shops or water trucks. Private companies own the trucks, selling water at very high p 8 that a lot of people can't afford.
The government is t 9 of making use of sea water. However, it will c 10 a lot and may not happen soon enough to help.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Imagine one day the water taps in your house stop running. You have to pay a lot of money for water from shops, and even electricity use has to be s 1 to match the scarce(稀少的) water supply. And still there isn't e 2 water to everyone. Your mother has to save the family's shower water for w 3 clothes. Could you stand that kind of life?
Probably not. But that is what kids in Yemen are experiencing. A 4 to a report, Sana'a, the capital of Yemen, will run out of drinking water. This serious water shortage has caused a lot of d 5 to people's daily lives. Because of the water shortage, the government of Yemen often cuts the water supply. Hannan, an 18-year-old girl said, “In a good week we'll have a water supply all the week. But then in the f 6 week there will be water only for a day or two.”
Hannan said only rich people have enough water to u 7. They can buy water from shops or water trucks. Private companies own the trucks, selling water at very high p 8 that a lot of people can't afford.
The government is t 9 of making use of sea water. However, it will c 10 a lot and may not happen soon enough to help.
1.
saved
2.
enough
3.
washing
4.
According
5.
damage
6.
following
7.
use
8.
prices
9.
thinking
10.
cost
答案：四、1. saved 2. enough 3. washing 4. According 5. damage 6. following 7. use 8. prices 9. thinking 10. cost
解析：
【分析】
首先通读全文，明确本文核心主题是介绍也门面临的严重水资源短缺问题，解题时先结合上下文的语义逻辑，匹配每个空给出的首字母提示，优先回忆对应的常用固定搭配，再结合语法规则判断单词的正确形式（比如被动语态的过去分词、介词后的动名词、现在进行时的现在分词、名词单复数等），最后把所有填好的词代入全文通读，验证整体逻辑和语法是否通顺，确保没有错误。
【解析】
1. 此处句意：甚至电力使用也必须被节约，来匹配稀缺的水供应。句子是被动语态，结构为have to be + 过去分词，结合首字母s，save（节约）的过去分词为saved，故填saved。
2. 此处句意：但仍然没有足够的水供给所有人。结合首字母e，enough表示“足够的”，修饰名词water，符合语境，故填enough。
3. 此处句意：你妈妈不得不把家里洗澡的水存下来用来洗衣服。空前的介词for后要接动名词形式，结合首字母w，wash（洗）的动名词为washing，故填washing。
4. 此处句意：根据一份报告，也门首都萨那将会耗尽饮用水。固定搭配according to表示“根据、按照”，句首首字母大写，结合首字母A，故填According。
5. 此处句意：严重的水资源短缺已经对人们的日常生活造成了诸多损害。固定搭配cause damage to表示“对……造成损害”，a lot of后接不可数名词damage，结合首字母d，故填damage。
6. 此处句意：但是在接下来的一周里，只会有一两天有水。结合前一句的“在情况好的一周里整周都有水”，此处对应表示“接下来的、随后的”，following符合语义，首字母为f，故填following。
7. 此处句意：Hannan说只有富人有足够的水可以使用。空前的不定式符号to后接动词原形，结合首字母u，use（使用）符合语境，故填use。
8. 此处句意：私营公司拥有这些运水车，以非常高的价格卖水，很多人负担不起。固定搭配at high prices表示“以高价”，此处用复数表示泛指各类高价，结合首字母p，故填prices。
9. 此处句意：政府正在考虑利用海水。句子是现在进行时，结构为be + 现在分词，固定搭配think of表示“考虑、想着”，think的现在分词为thinking，结合首字母t，故填thinking。
10. 此处句意：然而这会花费很多钱，可能没法及时落地提供帮助。will后接动词原形，此处指代利用海水的方案花费大量资金，结合首字母c，cost（花费）符合语义，故填cost。
【答案】
1. saved 2. enough 3. washing 4. According 5. damage 6. following 7. use 8. prices 9. thinking 10. cost
【知识点】
首字母缺词填空，固定短语搭配，词形变换
【点评】
本题选取也门水资源短缺的现实热点话题，既考查学生对语篇整体逻辑的理解能力，也覆盖了初中英语核心的固定搭配、被动语态、非谓语动词、名词单复数等基础知识点，同时能引导学生建立节约用水的环保意识，多数空可通过课内所学的常用搭配直接推导，区分度合理。
【难度系数】
0.6
首先通读全文，明确本文核心主题是介绍也门面临的严重水资源短缺问题，解题时先结合上下文的语义逻辑，匹配每个空给出的首字母提示，优先回忆对应的常用固定搭配，再结合语法规则判断单词的正确形式（比如被动语态的过去分词、介词后的动名词、现在进行时的现在分词、名词单复数等），最后把所有填好的词代入全文通读，验证整体逻辑和语法是否通顺，确保没有错误。
【解析】
1. 此处句意：甚至电力使用也必须被节约，来匹配稀缺的水供应。句子是被动语态，结构为have to be + 过去分词，结合首字母s，save（节约）的过去分词为saved，故填saved。
2. 此处句意：但仍然没有足够的水供给所有人。结合首字母e，enough表示“足够的”，修饰名词water，符合语境，故填enough。
3. 此处句意：你妈妈不得不把家里洗澡的水存下来用来洗衣服。空前的介词for后要接动名词形式，结合首字母w，wash（洗）的动名词为washing，故填washing。
4. 此处句意：根据一份报告，也门首都萨那将会耗尽饮用水。固定搭配according to表示“根据、按照”，句首首字母大写，结合首字母A，故填According。
5. 此处句意：严重的水资源短缺已经对人们的日常生活造成了诸多损害。固定搭配cause damage to表示“对……造成损害”，a lot of后接不可数名词damage，结合首字母d，故填damage。
6. 此处句意：但是在接下来的一周里，只会有一两天有水。结合前一句的“在情况好的一周里整周都有水”，此处对应表示“接下来的、随后的”，following符合语义，首字母为f，故填following。
7. 此处句意：Hannan说只有富人有足够的水可以使用。空前的不定式符号to后接动词原形，结合首字母u，use（使用）符合语境，故填use。
8. 此处句意：私营公司拥有这些运水车，以非常高的价格卖水，很多人负担不起。固定搭配at high prices表示“以高价”，此处用复数表示泛指各类高价，结合首字母p，故填prices。
9. 此处句意：政府正在考虑利用海水。句子是现在进行时，结构为be + 现在分词，固定搭配think of表示“考虑、想着”，think的现在分词为thinking，结合首字母t，故填thinking。
10. 此处句意：然而这会花费很多钱，可能没法及时落地提供帮助。will后接动词原形，此处指代利用海水的方案花费大量资金，结合首字母c，cost（花费）符合语义，故填cost。
【答案】
1. saved 2. enough 3. washing 4. According 5. damage 6. following 7. use 8. prices 9. thinking 10. cost
【知识点】
首字母缺词填空，固定短语搭配，词形变换
【点评】
本题选取也门水资源短缺的现实热点话题，既考查学生对语篇整体逻辑的理解能力，也覆盖了初中英语核心的固定搭配、被动语态、非谓语动词、名词单复数等基础知识点，同时能引导学生建立节约用水的环保意识，多数空可通过课内所学的常用搭配直接推导，区分度合理。
【难度系数】
0.6
五、阅读理解。
①All over the world, buildings are going green! People are making green buildings. What does it mean to go green or to make a green building? A green building is designed(设计) in a way that is not harmful to the environment. The building uses energy, water, and other materials in ways that are good for the environment.
②When planning green buildings, architects(建筑师) must think about how to use energy, water, and materials in an environment-friendly way. There are many ways to save energy.
③Architects can design buildings to use natural light. Buildings can also be made with solar or wind power to get energy from the sun or the wind. To save water, green buildings can have areas on the roofs to collect rainwater. Kitchens and bathrooms can have sinks(洗涤池) and toilets(马桶) that conserve water. As for the materials used to build the building, it is important to use materials that do not have chemicals that are harmful to the air or water. Recyclable materials can also be used for buildings.
④Buildings around the world use all three of these ways to go green. An office building called CH in Melbourne, Australia, uses wind and solar power. A cultural centre in London, England, is made from recycled train cars and is powered by solar and wind power. The Academy of Sciences building in California, the US has recycled materials, solar energy, and a huge “living roof” of plants. A temple in Thailand is made out of one million recycled glass bottles! This is a good use of recycled materials, and it also lets natural light into the temple.
⑤More and more green buildings are being built and they are making the world a better place!
(
A. Designing buildings.
B. Going green.
C. Using energy.
D. Recycling materials.
(
A. Wind.
B. Water.
C. Plastic.
D. Recycled glass bottles.
(
A. Architects like natural light in the buildings.
B. Rainwater can be saved in a green building.
C. Plants are put on the floor of green buildings.
D. Green buildings are very popular in the West.
(
①All over the world, buildings are going green! People are making green buildings. What does it mean to go green or to make a green building? A green building is designed(设计) in a way that is not harmful to the environment. The building uses energy, water, and other materials in ways that are good for the environment.
②When planning green buildings, architects(建筑师) must think about how to use energy, water, and materials in an environment-friendly way. There are many ways to save energy.
③Architects can design buildings to use natural light. Buildings can also be made with solar or wind power to get energy from the sun or the wind. To save water, green buildings can have areas on the roofs to collect rainwater. Kitchens and bathrooms can have sinks(洗涤池) and toilets(马桶) that conserve water. As for the materials used to build the building, it is important to use materials that do not have chemicals that are harmful to the air or water. Recyclable materials can also be used for buildings.
④Buildings around the world use all three of these ways to go green. An office building called CH in Melbourne, Australia, uses wind and solar power. A cultural centre in London, England, is made from recycled train cars and is powered by solar and wind power. The Academy of Sciences building in California, the US has recycled materials, solar energy, and a huge “living roof” of plants. A temple in Thailand is made out of one million recycled glass bottles! This is a good use of recycled materials, and it also lets natural light into the temple.
⑤More and more green buildings are being built and they are making the world a better place!
(
B
)1. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to?A. Designing buildings.
B. Going green.
C. Using energy.
D. Recycling materials.
(
C
)2. Which of the following will not be used into the green buildings?A. Wind.
B. Water.
C. Plastic.
D. Recycled glass bottles.
(
B
)3. What can we learn from the passage?A. Architects like natural light in the buildings.
B. Rainwater can be saved in a green building.
C. Plants are put on the floor of green buildings.
D. Green buildings are very popular in the West.
(
A
)4. What's the structure of the passage? 答案：五、1. B 【点拨】根据第一段中“What does it mean to go green or to make a green building?”可知，it 指代的是“going green”。故选 B。
2. C 【点拨】根据第二、三、四段可知，绿色建筑会使用风能、水和回收的玻璃瓶，未提及塑料。故选 C。
3. B 【点拨】根据第三段中“To save water, green buildings can have areas on the roofs to collect rainwater.”可知，绿色建筑可以收集雨水。故选 B。
4. A 【点拨】通读全文可知，第一段引出绿色建筑的概念；第二、三、四段介绍绿色建筑在能源、水和材料方面的环保做法，以及世界各地的绿色建筑；第五段总结越来越多的绿色建筑正在被建造，对世界有积极影响。文章是“总—分—总”的结构。故选 A。
2. C 【点拨】根据第二、三、四段可知，绿色建筑会使用风能、水和回收的玻璃瓶，未提及塑料。故选 C。
3. B 【点拨】根据第三段中“To save water, green buildings can have areas on the roofs to collect rainwater.”可知，绿色建筑可以收集雨水。故选 B。
4. A 【点拨】通读全文可知，第一段引出绿色建筑的概念；第二、三、四段介绍绿色建筑在能源、水和材料方面的环保做法，以及世界各地的绿色建筑；第五段总结越来越多的绿色建筑正在被建造，对世界有积极影响。文章是“总—分—总”的结构。故选 A。
解析：
【分析】
我们可以按照不同题型的解题逻辑逐个突破题目：
1. 第1题是代词指代题，首先定位划线词it所在的第一段句子，往前查找对应的指代对象，原句是设问“践行绿色环保、打造绿色建筑意味着什么”，it是形式主语，对应选项里的going green，直接选出答案。
2. 第2题是细节排除题，回到原文2-4段逐一核对选项内容，找出绿色建筑会用到的元素，排除原文未提及的选项即可。
3. 第3题是细节理解题，将每个选项和原文对应内容逐一比对，排除表述错误的选项，选出符合原文内容的答案。
4. 第4题是篇章结构题，先逐段概括段落大意：第1段总述引出绿色建筑的概念，第2-4段分别介绍绿色建筑的环保设计思路、具体实现方法、世界各地的绿色建筑实例，属于分述部分，第5段总结绿色建筑的积极意义，整体是总-分-总结构，对应匹配选项的图示即可。
【解析】
1. 定位第一段问句“What does it mean to go green or to make a green building?”，句中it指代的是前文提到的“go green”，也就是践行绿色环保，因此选B。
2. 通读原文2-4段可知，绿色建筑会使用风能、收集利用雨水、使用回收玻璃瓶作为建材，全文没有提及塑料会被用于绿色建筑，因此选C。
3. 逐一核对选项：A选项文中只提到建筑师设计建筑利用自然光，并未说明建筑师喜欢自然光，表述错误；B选项对应第三段“绿色建筑可以在屋顶设置区域收集雨水来节水”，表述正确；C选项文中提到的“living roof”是屋顶的植物层，不是放在地板上，表述错误；D选项仅举了几个西方国家的绿色建筑例子，并未说明绿色建筑在西方非常流行，表述错误。因此选B。
4. 梳理全文行文逻辑：第1段总起，引出绿色建筑的定义；第2、3、4段分述绿色建筑的环保设计要求、具体节能节水节材的方法、全球各地的绿色建筑案例；第5段总结绿色建筑的积极价值，整体为总-分-总结构，对应选项A的图示。
【答案】
1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A
【知识点】
代词指代判断，阅读细节查找，篇章结构分析
【点评】
本题属于说明文类阅读理解，考点覆盖了指代题、细节辨析题、篇章结构题，既考查学生快速定位原文信息的能力，也考查学生对文章整体行文脉络的梳理能力，难度梯度合理，适合巩固说明文阅读的基础解题技巧。
【难度系数】
0.6
我们可以按照不同题型的解题逻辑逐个突破题目：
1. 第1题是代词指代题，首先定位划线词it所在的第一段句子，往前查找对应的指代对象，原句是设问“践行绿色环保、打造绿色建筑意味着什么”，it是形式主语，对应选项里的going green，直接选出答案。
2. 第2题是细节排除题，回到原文2-4段逐一核对选项内容，找出绿色建筑会用到的元素，排除原文未提及的选项即可。
3. 第3题是细节理解题，将每个选项和原文对应内容逐一比对，排除表述错误的选项，选出符合原文内容的答案。
4. 第4题是篇章结构题，先逐段概括段落大意：第1段总述引出绿色建筑的概念，第2-4段分别介绍绿色建筑的环保设计思路、具体实现方法、世界各地的绿色建筑实例，属于分述部分，第5段总结绿色建筑的积极意义，整体是总-分-总结构，对应匹配选项的图示即可。
【解析】
1. 定位第一段问句“What does it mean to go green or to make a green building?”，句中it指代的是前文提到的“go green”，也就是践行绿色环保，因此选B。
2. 通读原文2-4段可知，绿色建筑会使用风能、收集利用雨水、使用回收玻璃瓶作为建材，全文没有提及塑料会被用于绿色建筑，因此选C。
3. 逐一核对选项：A选项文中只提到建筑师设计建筑利用自然光，并未说明建筑师喜欢自然光，表述错误；B选项对应第三段“绿色建筑可以在屋顶设置区域收集雨水来节水”，表述正确；C选项文中提到的“living roof”是屋顶的植物层，不是放在地板上，表述错误；D选项仅举了几个西方国家的绿色建筑例子，并未说明绿色建筑在西方非常流行，表述错误。因此选B。
4. 梳理全文行文逻辑：第1段总起，引出绿色建筑的定义；第2、3、4段分述绿色建筑的环保设计要求、具体节能节水节材的方法、全球各地的绿色建筑案例；第5段总结绿色建筑的积极价值，整体为总-分-总结构，对应选项A的图示。
【答案】
1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A
【知识点】
代词指代判断，阅读细节查找，篇章结构分析
【点评】
本题属于说明文类阅读理解，考点覆盖了指代题、细节辨析题、篇章结构题，既考查学生快速定位原文信息的能力，也考查学生对文章整体行文脉络的梳理能力，难度梯度合理，适合巩固说明文阅读的基础解题技巧。
【难度系数】
0.6