七、信息还原。(2025·江苏盐城东台第五教育联盟期中)
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺连贯，其中有两项是多余选项。
Most of us have learned the virtue (美德) of honesty from some stories. The story of Pinocchio teaches the importance of telling the truth. Every time Pinocchio lies, his nose will grow longer. These types of stories show children that "honesty is the best". 1 The fact is that people lie for many reasons.
One reason people lie is to hide a mistake. While it is true that everyone does something wrong from time to time, some people do not have the courage to admit their mistakes because they are afraid that they will be blamed (责备). For example, students might lie to their teachers about the unfinished homework. They might say that they left the homework at home. 2 These students do not want to get in trouble, so they make up an excuse.
3 Parents, particularly those with young children, may teach their children to use this type of "protective" lie in certain circumstances (状况). 4 Many parents teach their children to explain that their mother and father are too busy to come to the phone at that time. In this situation, a protective lie can mean greater safety.
5 Lying to keep the peace or to stay safe can have positive results. However, lying to stay out of trouble can lead to more trouble in the end. Understanding the motives behind the impulse (冲动) to lie might minimize this habit of lying.
A. In fact, they did not do the homework at all.
B. But why do so many people lie?
C. People lie for many reasons, both good and bad.
D. What should children do if a stranger calls while their parents are out?
E. Another reason for lying has to do with self-protection.
F. The protective lies are useful and necessary for children.
G. Some students even lie to their friends to avoid small arguments.
1.
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺连贯，其中有两项是多余选项。
Most of us have learned the virtue (美德) of honesty from some stories. The story of Pinocchio teaches the importance of telling the truth. Every time Pinocchio lies, his nose will grow longer. These types of stories show children that "honesty is the best". 1 The fact is that people lie for many reasons.
One reason people lie is to hide a mistake. While it is true that everyone does something wrong from time to time, some people do not have the courage to admit their mistakes because they are afraid that they will be blamed (责备). For example, students might lie to their teachers about the unfinished homework. They might say that they left the homework at home. 2 These students do not want to get in trouble, so they make up an excuse.
3 Parents, particularly those with young children, may teach their children to use this type of "protective" lie in certain circumstances (状况). 4 Many parents teach their children to explain that their mother and father are too busy to come to the phone at that time. In this situation, a protective lie can mean greater safety.
5 Lying to keep the peace or to stay safe can have positive results. However, lying to stay out of trouble can lead to more trouble in the end. Understanding the motives behind the impulse (冲动) to lie might minimize this habit of lying.
A. In fact, they did not do the homework at all.
B. But why do so many people lie?
C. People lie for many reasons, both good and bad.
D. What should children do if a stranger calls while their parents are out?
E. Another reason for lying has to do with self-protection.
F. The protective lies are useful and necessary for children.
G. Some students even lie to their friends to avoid small arguments.
1.
B
2. A
3. E
4. D
5. C
答案：1. B 2. A 3. E 4. D 5. C
解析：
【分析】
做这类信息还原题，首先要通读全文，明确文章核心主题是介绍人们说谎的不同原因，梳理出文章“引入话题-分述不同说谎原因-总结不同动机的影响”的行文逻辑，再逐空结合前后文的逻辑关联匹配选项：
1. 第一空前的内容都在强调诚实的重要性，空后直接转到“人们说谎有很多原因”，需要一个转折过渡句，引出下文对说谎原因的探讨。
2. 第二空前举了学生骗老师说作业落在家的例子，空后说明学生不想惹麻烦才编造借口，这里需要补充谎言背后的真实情况，完成举例的逻辑闭环。
3. 第三空位于段首，上一段已经讲完第一个说谎的原因“掩盖错误”，本段要引出新的说谎原因，同时呼应本段核心的“自我保护/保护性谎言”主题。
4. 第四空后给出了家长教孩子应对来电的具体做法，说明空处是提出对应的场景设问，和后文的处理方案形成问答对应。
5. 第五空位于最后一段段首，后文分别提到善意保护性谎言的积极结果、逃避麻烦类谎言的消极结果，需要一个总起句，总结说谎的原因有好有坏，引出后文分述。
【解析】
1. 空处前文围绕诚实的相关故事展开，后文转折引出人们说谎的多种原因，B选项“但是为什么这么多人说谎？”起到承上启下的过渡作用，完全衔接前后逻辑，故选B。
2. 前文举例学生谎称没带作业，A选项“事实上他们根本就没做作业”点明了这个谎言的真实背景，和后文“编造借口不想惹麻烦”的表述完全呼应，故选A。
3. 上一段介绍了第一个说谎的原因是掩盖错误，本段开始介绍第二类说谎动机，E选项“另一个说谎的原因和自我保护有关”作为本段主题句，引出下文保护性谎言的相关内容，故选E。
4. 后文给出了家长教孩子应对来电的具体处理方式，D选项“如果父母不在家的时候陌生人打电话来，孩子们该怎么办？”提出对应的场景问题，和后文的解决方案形成对应，逻辑通顺，故选D。
5. 后文分别阐述了出于自我保护的善意谎言的积极作用，以及逃避麻烦类谎言的负面后果，C选项“人们说谎有很多原因，有好有坏”作为本段总起句，总领后文的分述内容，故选C。
多余选项F表述过于绝对，没有对应引出后文举例的作用；G选项的内容在全文没有相关支撑，均不符合语境。
【答案】
1. B 2. A 3. E 4. D 5. C
【知识点】
语篇逻辑衔接，阅读信息还原，行文结构梳理
【点评】
本题是初中英语典型的信息还原题型，围绕贴近生活的“说谎的不同动机”主题展开，行文逻辑清晰，重点考察学生对过渡句、段落主题句、举例对应逻辑的判断能力，干扰项迷惑性较低，学生只要抓住每段核心关键词就能顺利完成匹配。
【难度系数】
0.6
做这类信息还原题，首先要通读全文，明确文章核心主题是介绍人们说谎的不同原因，梳理出文章“引入话题-分述不同说谎原因-总结不同动机的影响”的行文逻辑，再逐空结合前后文的逻辑关联匹配选项：
1. 第一空前的内容都在强调诚实的重要性，空后直接转到“人们说谎有很多原因”，需要一个转折过渡句，引出下文对说谎原因的探讨。
2. 第二空前举了学生骗老师说作业落在家的例子，空后说明学生不想惹麻烦才编造借口，这里需要补充谎言背后的真实情况，完成举例的逻辑闭环。
3. 第三空位于段首，上一段已经讲完第一个说谎的原因“掩盖错误”，本段要引出新的说谎原因，同时呼应本段核心的“自我保护/保护性谎言”主题。
4. 第四空后给出了家长教孩子应对来电的具体做法，说明空处是提出对应的场景设问，和后文的处理方案形成问答对应。
5. 第五空位于最后一段段首，后文分别提到善意保护性谎言的积极结果、逃避麻烦类谎言的消极结果，需要一个总起句，总结说谎的原因有好有坏，引出后文分述。
【解析】
1. 空处前文围绕诚实的相关故事展开，后文转折引出人们说谎的多种原因，B选项“但是为什么这么多人说谎？”起到承上启下的过渡作用，完全衔接前后逻辑，故选B。
2. 前文举例学生谎称没带作业，A选项“事实上他们根本就没做作业”点明了这个谎言的真实背景，和后文“编造借口不想惹麻烦”的表述完全呼应，故选A。
3. 上一段介绍了第一个说谎的原因是掩盖错误，本段开始介绍第二类说谎动机，E选项“另一个说谎的原因和自我保护有关”作为本段主题句，引出下文保护性谎言的相关内容，故选E。
4. 后文给出了家长教孩子应对来电的具体处理方式，D选项“如果父母不在家的时候陌生人打电话来，孩子们该怎么办？”提出对应的场景问题，和后文的解决方案形成对应，逻辑通顺，故选D。
5. 后文分别阐述了出于自我保护的善意谎言的积极作用，以及逃避麻烦类谎言的负面后果，C选项“人们说谎有很多原因，有好有坏”作为本段总起句，总领后文的分述内容，故选C。
多余选项F表述过于绝对，没有对应引出后文举例的作用；G选项的内容在全文没有相关支撑，均不符合语境。
【答案】
1. B 2. A 3. E 4. D 5. C
【知识点】
语篇逻辑衔接，阅读信息还原，行文结构梳理
【点评】
本题是初中英语典型的信息还原题型，围绕贴近生活的“说谎的不同动机”主题展开，行文逻辑清晰，重点考察学生对过渡句、段落主题句、举例对应逻辑的判断能力，干扰项迷惑性较低，学生只要抓住每段核心关键词就能顺利完成匹配。
【难度系数】
0.6