四、词语运用(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
根据句子意思,用括号中所给汉语提示或单词适当形式填空。(每空一词)
1. However, the city later built a new
2. During holidays, the
3. Some old buildings that were once
4. A
5. Young people here receive
6. It is common to see families
7. Since the new library opened last year, more children have
8. The town has built modern public facilities(设备) like sports centres to make life
9. Local people feel
10. He is a careful
根据句子意思,用括号中所给汉语提示或单词适当形式填空。(每空一词)
1. However, the city later built a new
industrial
area nearby to develop economy. (工业)2. During holidays, the
crowded
streets are full of happy people enjoying their free time together. (拥挤的)3. Some old buildings that were once
empty
have been turned into lovely cafes and small shops. (空的)4. A
world-famous
artist even came to visit and praised our hometown's beautiful scenery.(举世闻名的)5. Young people here receive
excellent
education that helps them achieve their big dreams. (优秀的)6. It is common to see families
having
picnics in the park on warm and sunny weekends. (have)7. Since the new library opened last year, more children have
fallen
in love with reading. (fall)8. The town has built modern public facilities(设备) like sports centres to make life
convenient
.(convenience)9. Local people feel
hopeful
about the future as more good changes keep happening here. (hope)10. He is a careful
planner
who always prepares for the future. (plan)答案：1. industrial 2. crowded 3. empty 4. world-famous 5. excellent 6. having 7. fallen 8. convenient 9. hopeful 10. planner
解析：
【分析】
这道词语运用题分为两类考查形式：一类是根据汉语提示填写合适单词，另一类是用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，要求每空一词。解题时首先要通读完整句子，分析空格在句中充当的成分，判断所需的词性，再结合给出的汉语提示或者所给基础单词，同时兼顾固定搭配、时态、句法规则等要求，最终得出符合句意和语法的正确单词。比如修饰名词需要用形容词，现在完成时结构需要用动词过去分词，感官动词的固定搭配要使用非谓语形式等，一步步推导就能得到正确答案。
【解析】
1. 空格后是名词area，需要形容词作定语表示“工业的”，industrial area是固定表达“工业区”，故填industrial。
2. 空格后是名词streets，需要形容词作定语表示“拥挤的”，故填crowded。
3. 空格位于系动词were之后作表语，需要形容词表示“空的”，故填empty。
4. 空格后是名词artist，需要形容词作定语表示“举世闻名的”，故填world-famous。
5. 空格后是名词education，需要形容词作定语表示“优秀的”，故填excellent。
6. 本题考查固定搭配see sb. doing sth.，意为“看到某人正在做/看到某人做某事的场景”，符合句中周末看到家庭正在公园野餐的语境，故have变为having。
7. 本句是since引导的现在完成时，结构为“have/has + 动词过去分词”，fall in love with是固定搭配“爱上”，fall的过去分词为fallen，故填fallen。
8. 本题考查固定结构make sth. + 形容词，意为“使某物处于某种状态”，此处要表达“让生活便利”，名词convenience的形容词形式是convenient，故填convenient。
9. 空格位于系动词feel之后作表语，需要形容词表达“充满希望的”，名词hope的形容词形式是hopeful，故填hopeful。
10. 空格前有不定冠词a和形容词careful修饰，需要填入表示身份的可数名词单数，动词plan对应的职业名词是planner，意为“规划师、计划者”，符合句意，故填planner。
【答案】
1. industrial 2. crowded 3. empty 4. world-famous 5. excellent 6. having 7. fallen 8. convenient 9. hopeful 10. planner
【知识点】
形容词用法，固定搭配，词性转换
【点评】
本题属于初中英语基础词汇运用题型，所有考查词汇均为课标要求掌握的核心词汇，考点覆盖了汉语提示写形容词、动词的非谓语/过去分词变形、名词派生等常见考点，只要学生能准确分析句子成分、判断所需词性，熟记常见固定搭配，就可以顺利完成作答，适合用来巩固基础词汇的变形规则。
【难度系数】
0.7
这道词语运用题分为两类考查形式：一类是根据汉语提示填写合适单词，另一类是用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，要求每空一词。解题时首先要通读完整句子，分析空格在句中充当的成分，判断所需的词性，再结合给出的汉语提示或者所给基础单词，同时兼顾固定搭配、时态、句法规则等要求，最终得出符合句意和语法的正确单词。比如修饰名词需要用形容词，现在完成时结构需要用动词过去分词，感官动词的固定搭配要使用非谓语形式等，一步步推导就能得到正确答案。
【解析】
1. 空格后是名词area，需要形容词作定语表示“工业的”，industrial area是固定表达“工业区”，故填industrial。
2. 空格后是名词streets，需要形容词作定语表示“拥挤的”，故填crowded。
3. 空格位于系动词were之后作表语，需要形容词表示“空的”，故填empty。
4. 空格后是名词artist，需要形容词作定语表示“举世闻名的”，故填world-famous。
5. 空格后是名词education，需要形容词作定语表示“优秀的”，故填excellent。
6. 本题考查固定搭配see sb. doing sth.，意为“看到某人正在做/看到某人做某事的场景”，符合句中周末看到家庭正在公园野餐的语境，故have变为having。
7. 本句是since引导的现在完成时，结构为“have/has + 动词过去分词”，fall in love with是固定搭配“爱上”，fall的过去分词为fallen，故填fallen。
8. 本题考查固定结构make sth. + 形容词，意为“使某物处于某种状态”，此处要表达“让生活便利”，名词convenience的形容词形式是convenient，故填convenient。
9. 空格位于系动词feel之后作表语，需要形容词表达“充满希望的”，名词hope的形容词形式是hopeful，故填hopeful。
10. 空格前有不定冠词a和形容词careful修饰，需要填入表示身份的可数名词单数，动词plan对应的职业名词是planner，意为“规划师、计划者”，符合句意，故填planner。
【答案】
1. industrial 2. crowded 3. empty 4. world-famous 5. excellent 6. having 7. fallen 8. convenient 9. hopeful 10. planner
【知识点】
形容词用法，固定搭配，词性转换
【点评】
本题属于初中英语基础词汇运用题型，所有考查词汇均为课标要求掌握的核心词汇，考点覆盖了汉语提示写形容词、动词的非谓语/过去分词变形、名词派生等常见考点，只要学生能准确分析句子成分、判断所需词性，熟记常见固定搭配，就可以顺利完成作答，适合用来巩固基础词汇的变形规则。
【难度系数】
0.7
五、阅读与表达(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
Shanghai-born novelist Lu Shi'e wrote a fantasy novel called *New China* in 1910. In the book he described a dream where trains were running underground, an iron bridge crossed the Huangpu River and Shanghai hosted a successful World Exposition in the underdeveloped Pudong area at that time. The blueprint(蓝图) described in the novel became real exactly after 100 years.
On 1 May 2010, the World Exposition, with about 160 years of history, drew back its curtain in Shanghai. According to the Organizing Committee(组织委员会) of the World Exposition 2010, Shanghai, it was expected to attract more than 70 million visitors, making it the most popular exposition in history. It was also the first time that the World Exposition had been held in a developing country.
About 600 years ago, Shanghai was just a small fishing village in China's eastern coastal area. It grew into a commercial(商业的) city thanks to its prosperous(繁荣的) port and Shanghai also became one of the first Chinese cities that opened their doors to the world. Along the way, it became the economic and commercial hub of China.
Today, Shanghai has become an international metropolis(大都会).
回答下列问题,每题答案不超过10个词。
1. How many visitors would the Shanghai Exposition attract according to the material?
2. What was Shanghai like about 600 years ago?
3. When did the blueprint become real?
4. What's the passage mainly about?
5. What do you think of Shanghai's great changes?
Shanghai-born novelist Lu Shi'e wrote a fantasy novel called *New China* in 1910. In the book he described a dream where trains were running underground, an iron bridge crossed the Huangpu River and Shanghai hosted a successful World Exposition in the underdeveloped Pudong area at that time. The blueprint(蓝图) described in the novel became real exactly after 100 years.
On 1 May 2010, the World Exposition, with about 160 years of history, drew back its curtain in Shanghai. According to the Organizing Committee(组织委员会) of the World Exposition 2010, Shanghai, it was expected to attract more than 70 million visitors, making it the most popular exposition in history. It was also the first time that the World Exposition had been held in a developing country.
About 600 years ago, Shanghai was just a small fishing village in China's eastern coastal area. It grew into a commercial(商业的) city thanks to its prosperous(繁荣的) port and Shanghai also became one of the first Chinese cities that opened their doors to the world. Along the way, it became the economic and commercial hub of China.
Today, Shanghai has become an international metropolis(大都会).
回答下列问题,每题答案不超过10个词。
1. How many visitors would the Shanghai Exposition attract according to the material?
More than 70 million.
2. What was Shanghai like about 600 years ago?
A small fishing village.
3. When did the blueprint become real?
After 100 years.
4. What's the passage mainly about?
The history/development/change of Shanghai.
5. What do you think of Shanghai's great changes?
Amazing.(答案不唯一)
答案：1. More than 70 million.
2. A small fishing village.
3. After 100 years.
4. The history/development/change of Shanghai.
5. Amazing.(答案不唯一)
2. A small fishing village.
3. After 100 years.
4. The history/development/change of Shanghai.
5. Amazing.(答案不唯一)
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇英语阅读简答题，解题思路如下：1. 先明确题干要求所有答案不超过10个词，优先带着每道题的核心关键词返回原文定位，找到对应语句直接提取关键信息即可，不需要额外拓展；2. 主旨类题目需要通读全文梳理核心讲述对象，归纳出最贴合的主题；3. 开放类题目结合上海发展的主题给出符合逻辑的简短评价即可。
【解析】
1. 定位题干关键词"how many visitors"，找到原文第二段对应内容"it was expected to attract more than 70 million visitors"，直接提取核心信息作答即可。
2. 定位题干关键词"600 years ago"，找到原文第三段对应内容"About 600 years ago, Shanghai was just a small fishing village"，提取核心描述作答。
3. 定位题干关键词"blueprint become real"，找到原文第一段对应内容"The blueprint described in the novel became real exactly after 100 years."，直接提取对应时间信息。
4. 通读全文可知文章围绕上海从过去小渔村到举办世博会的发展历程展开，核心主题是上海的发展/变化/历史，符合字数要求。
5. 本题为开放性题目，只要给出符合上海巨变的正向简短评价即可，无固定答案。
【答案】
1. More than 70 million.
2. A small fishing village.
3. After 100 years.
4. The history/development/change of Shanghai.
5. Amazing.(答案不唯一)
【知识点】
英语阅读细节定位
阅读主旨归纳
简答规范表达
【点评】
本题整体难度较低，绝大多数答案都可以直接从原文中定位获取，仅主旨题需要简单归纳，开放题作答自由度高，主要考察学生快速抓取文本关键信息的能力，答题时注意严格控制答案字数不超过10词即可。
【难度系数】
0.8
这是一篇英语阅读简答题，解题思路如下：1. 先明确题干要求所有答案不超过10个词，优先带着每道题的核心关键词返回原文定位，找到对应语句直接提取关键信息即可，不需要额外拓展；2. 主旨类题目需要通读全文梳理核心讲述对象，归纳出最贴合的主题；3. 开放类题目结合上海发展的主题给出符合逻辑的简短评价即可。
【解析】
1. 定位题干关键词"how many visitors"，找到原文第二段对应内容"it was expected to attract more than 70 million visitors"，直接提取核心信息作答即可。
2. 定位题干关键词"600 years ago"，找到原文第三段对应内容"About 600 years ago, Shanghai was just a small fishing village"，提取核心描述作答。
3. 定位题干关键词"blueprint become real"，找到原文第一段对应内容"The blueprint described in the novel became real exactly after 100 years."，直接提取对应时间信息。
4. 通读全文可知文章围绕上海从过去小渔村到举办世博会的发展历程展开，核心主题是上海的发展/变化/历史，符合字数要求。
5. 本题为开放性题目，只要给出符合上海巨变的正向简短评价即可，无固定答案。
【答案】
1. More than 70 million.
2. A small fishing village.
3. After 100 years.
4. The history/development/change of Shanghai.
5. Amazing.(答案不唯一)
【知识点】
英语阅读细节定位
阅读主旨归纳
简答规范表达
【点评】
本题整体难度较低，绝大多数答案都可以直接从原文中定位获取，仅主旨题需要简单归纳，开放题作答自由度高，主要考察学生快速抓取文本关键信息的能力，答题时注意严格控制答案字数不超过10词即可。
【难度系数】
0.8