四、完形填空。〔人与自然——环境保护〕
Do you often use plastic straws(吸管)? You probably use them to 1. lots of things, such as soybean milk(豆浆), cola, or milky tea. Plastic straws are small 2. they are a big problem. They are made in 10 minutes, used in 20 3. and normally remain on the Earth for over 100 years since they cannot be 4. easily.
But how do plastic straws get into the 5. ? Because of human mistakes, they are often thrown away, left on beaches, or blown out of bins. The waste management in some areas is so poor and remember, all gutters(排水沟) lead to our ocean. 6. , plastic straws kill ocean life. Once a 7. was found bleeding because a 12-centimetre-long plastic straw was 8. into its nose. How terrible!
In fact, around 500 million plastic straws are used every day in the USA alone. That is enough to circle 9. two-and-a-half times around our planet! If we don't take action now, there will be 10. plastic in the ocean than fish by 2050.
Luckily, more and more people around the world have realized this problem. They begin to think about 11. ______ plastic straws are necessary or not when drinking drinks.
So what can we do right now to reduce plastic pollution? The simplest way is to say "12. " to single-use plastic, like straws. For example, next time you go to a restaurant, make sure you order your drink without a straw. What if people need to use a straw? There are reusable straws instead. These straws can be used, 13. and reused over and over again.
Coffee house chain Starbucks(星巴克) has started to 14. lids(盖子) without straws and paper straws instead of plastic straws in almost 1,000 stores in Shanghai and Shenzhen. Starbucks is not alone. McDonald's has 15. taken action to reduce the use of plastic straws. It is hoped that more businesses and customers will work together to protect our environment.
1. A. drink
B. eat
C. tie
D. make
2. A. so
B. and
C. or
D. but
3. A. weeks
B. minutes
C. hours
D. days
4. A. cut down
B. written down
C. broken down
D. put down
5. A. earth
B. air
C. water
D. ocean
6. A. For example
B. Such as
C. Even worse
D. For one thing
7. A. camel
B. monkey
C. turtle
D. giraffe
8. A. pulled
B. thrown
C. pushed
D. placed
9. A. closely
B. nearly
C. specially
D. hardly
10. A. more
B. fewer
C. less
D. better
11. A. whether
B. who
C. why
D. what
12. A. hello
B. sorry
C. yes
D. no
13. A. repaired
B. burned
C. picked
D. cleaned
14. A. offer
B. afford
C. affect
D. instruct
15. A. still
B. also
C. ever
D. just
Do you often use plastic straws(吸管)? You probably use them to 1. lots of things, such as soybean milk(豆浆), cola, or milky tea. Plastic straws are small 2. they are a big problem. They are made in 10 minutes, used in 20 3. and normally remain on the Earth for over 100 years since they cannot be 4. easily.
But how do plastic straws get into the 5. ? Because of human mistakes, they are often thrown away, left on beaches, or blown out of bins. The waste management in some areas is so poor and remember, all gutters(排水沟) lead to our ocean. 6. , plastic straws kill ocean life. Once a 7. was found bleeding because a 12-centimetre-long plastic straw was 8. into its nose. How terrible!
In fact, around 500 million plastic straws are used every day in the USA alone. That is enough to circle 9. two-and-a-half times around our planet! If we don't take action now, there will be 10. plastic in the ocean than fish by 2050.
Luckily, more and more people around the world have realized this problem. They begin to think about 11. ______ plastic straws are necessary or not when drinking drinks.
So what can we do right now to reduce plastic pollution? The simplest way is to say "12. " to single-use plastic, like straws. For example, next time you go to a restaurant, make sure you order your drink without a straw. What if people need to use a straw? There are reusable straws instead. These straws can be used, 13. and reused over and over again.
Coffee house chain Starbucks(星巴克) has started to 14. lids(盖子) without straws and paper straws instead of plastic straws in almost 1,000 stores in Shanghai and Shenzhen. Starbucks is not alone. McDonald's has 15. taken action to reduce the use of plastic straws. It is hoped that more businesses and customers will work together to protect our environment.
1. A. drink
B. eat
C. tie
D. make
2. A. so
B. and
C. or
D. but
3. A. weeks
B. minutes
C. hours
D. days
4. A. cut down
B. written down
C. broken down
D. put down
5. A. earth
B. air
C. water
D. ocean
6. A. For example
B. Such as
C. Even worse
D. For one thing
7. A. camel
B. monkey
C. turtle
D. giraffe
8. A. pulled
B. thrown
C. pushed
D. placed
9. A. closely
B. nearly
C. specially
D. hardly
10. A. more
B. fewer
C. less
D. better
11. A. whether
B. who
C. why
D. what
12. A. hello
B. sorry
C. yes
D. no
13. A. repaired
B. burned
C. picked
D. cleaned
14. A. offer
B. afford
C. affect
D. instruct
15. A. still
B. also
C. ever
D. just
答案：四、1~5. ADBCD 6~10. CCCBA 11~15. ADDAB
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇以环境保护为主题的完形填空题，解题时首先要通读全文，明确文章核心围绕“一次性塑料吸管的危害、限塑减塑的举措”展开，把握整体行文逻辑后再逐空解题：
1. 先结合生活常识和前后句的提示，判断动作、事物的属性，排除明显不符合语境的选项；
2. 遇到逻辑类的空（比如转折、递进关系的连词/短语），梳理前后句的语义关系，匹配对应的逻辑词；
3. 遇到固定搭配类的空，调用平时积累的短语用法直接验证；
4. 全部选完后复读全文，检查语义是否通顺、逻辑是否连贯，确认答案符合全文环保的核心主旨。
【解析】
我们逐空结合语境和选项逐一分析：
1. 第1空：后文提到豆浆、可乐、奶茶等饮品，可知吸管是用来喝东西的，drink（喝）符合语境，eat吃、tie系、make制作均不符合语义，选A。
2. 第2空：前半句“塑料吸管很小”和后半句“它们是大问题”是转折关系，but（但是）符合逻辑，so所以、and并且、or或者均不符合，选D。
3. 第3空：前文提到塑料吸管10分钟就被生产出来，对应它的使用时长只有20分钟，和前文的短时间属性呼应，minutes（分钟）符合常识，weeks周、hours小时、days日均不符合，选B。
4. 第4空：前文提到塑料吸管能在地球上留存100多年，说明它们很难被分解，broken down（分解）符合语义，cut down砍伐、written down写下、put down放下均不符合，选C。
5. 第5空：后文明确提示“所有排水沟最终都通向海洋”，可知这里问塑料吸管是如何进入海洋的，ocean（海洋）符合语境，选D。
6. 第6空：前文说塑料垃圾进入海洋，后文说塑料吸管会杀死海洋生物，是更糟糕的情况，Even worse（更糟糕的是）符合递进逻辑，For example举例、Such as例如、For one thing一方面均不符合，选C。
7. 第7空：此处描述的是被塑料吸管伤害的海洋生物，选项中只有turtle（海龟）是海洋生物，camel骆驼、monkey猴子、giraffe长颈鹿都是陆地生物，选C。
8. 第8空：句意为一根12厘米长的塑料吸管被塞进海龟的鼻子里，pushed（推、塞）符合语境，pulled拉、thrown扔、placed放置均不符合，选C。
9. 第9空：此处表示5亿根吸管连接起来的长度将近能绕地球两圈半，nearly（几乎、将近）符合语义，closely紧密地、specially特别地、hardly几乎不均不符合，选B。
10. 第10空：句意为如果不采取行动，到2050年海洋里的塑料会比鱼更多，more（更多的）符合比较级的语义要求，fewer更少的、less更少的、better更好的均不符合，选A。
11. 第11空：固定搭配whether...or not表示“是否”，句意为人们开始思考饮用时是否真的需要塑料吸管，选A。
12. 第12空：要减少塑料污染，就要对一次性塑料说“不”，no符合语境，hello你好、sorry抱歉、yes是均不符合，选D。
13. 第13空：可重复使用的吸管的使用流程是使用、清洗、反复复用，cleaned（清洗）符合逻辑，repaired修理、burned燃烧、picked捡起均不符合，选D。
14. 第14空：句意为星巴克开始提供不带吸管的杯盖和纸吸管替代塑料吸管，offer（提供）符合语义，afford负担得起、affect影响、instruct指导均不符合，选A。
15. 第15空：前文提到星巴克采取了限塑行动，此处表示麦当劳也采取行动减少塑料吸管使用，also（也）符合语境，still仍然、ever曾经、just刚刚均不符合，选B。
【答案】
1~5. ADBCD 6~10. CCCBA 11~15. ADDAB
【知识点】
完形语境推理，连词词义辨析，固定短语搭配
【点评】
本题选取热门的“限塑环保”主题，既考查学生对初中英语核心词汇、逻辑关系、固定搭配的掌握能力，也能引导学生树立环境保护意识，所有考点都紧扣初中英语课标要求，大部分空都可以通过上下文的明确提示选出答案，少数空结合生活常识即可判断，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇以环境保护为主题的完形填空题，解题时首先要通读全文，明确文章核心围绕“一次性塑料吸管的危害、限塑减塑的举措”展开，把握整体行文逻辑后再逐空解题：
1. 先结合生活常识和前后句的提示，判断动作、事物的属性，排除明显不符合语境的选项；
2. 遇到逻辑类的空（比如转折、递进关系的连词/短语），梳理前后句的语义关系，匹配对应的逻辑词；
3. 遇到固定搭配类的空，调用平时积累的短语用法直接验证；
4. 全部选完后复读全文，检查语义是否通顺、逻辑是否连贯，确认答案符合全文环保的核心主旨。
【解析】
我们逐空结合语境和选项逐一分析：
1. 第1空：后文提到豆浆、可乐、奶茶等饮品，可知吸管是用来喝东西的，drink（喝）符合语境，eat吃、tie系、make制作均不符合语义，选A。
2. 第2空：前半句“塑料吸管很小”和后半句“它们是大问题”是转折关系，but（但是）符合逻辑，so所以、and并且、or或者均不符合，选D。
3. 第3空：前文提到塑料吸管10分钟就被生产出来，对应它的使用时长只有20分钟，和前文的短时间属性呼应，minutes（分钟）符合常识，weeks周、hours小时、days日均不符合，选B。
4. 第4空：前文提到塑料吸管能在地球上留存100多年，说明它们很难被分解，broken down（分解）符合语义，cut down砍伐、written down写下、put down放下均不符合，选C。
5. 第5空：后文明确提示“所有排水沟最终都通向海洋”，可知这里问塑料吸管是如何进入海洋的，ocean（海洋）符合语境，选D。
6. 第6空：前文说塑料垃圾进入海洋，后文说塑料吸管会杀死海洋生物，是更糟糕的情况，Even worse（更糟糕的是）符合递进逻辑，For example举例、Such as例如、For one thing一方面均不符合，选C。
7. 第7空：此处描述的是被塑料吸管伤害的海洋生物，选项中只有turtle（海龟）是海洋生物，camel骆驼、monkey猴子、giraffe长颈鹿都是陆地生物，选C。
8. 第8空：句意为一根12厘米长的塑料吸管被塞进海龟的鼻子里，pushed（推、塞）符合语境，pulled拉、thrown扔、placed放置均不符合，选C。
9. 第9空：此处表示5亿根吸管连接起来的长度将近能绕地球两圈半，nearly（几乎、将近）符合语义，closely紧密地、specially特别地、hardly几乎不均不符合，选B。
10. 第10空：句意为如果不采取行动，到2050年海洋里的塑料会比鱼更多，more（更多的）符合比较级的语义要求，fewer更少的、less更少的、better更好的均不符合，选A。
11. 第11空：固定搭配whether...or not表示“是否”，句意为人们开始思考饮用时是否真的需要塑料吸管，选A。
12. 第12空：要减少塑料污染，就要对一次性塑料说“不”，no符合语境，hello你好、sorry抱歉、yes是均不符合，选D。
13. 第13空：可重复使用的吸管的使用流程是使用、清洗、反复复用，cleaned（清洗）符合逻辑，repaired修理、burned燃烧、picked捡起均不符合，选D。
14. 第14空：句意为星巴克开始提供不带吸管的杯盖和纸吸管替代塑料吸管，offer（提供）符合语义，afford负担得起、affect影响、instruct指导均不符合，选A。
15. 第15空：前文提到星巴克采取了限塑行动，此处表示麦当劳也采取行动减少塑料吸管使用，also（也）符合语境，still仍然、ever曾经、just刚刚均不符合，选B。
【答案】
1~5. ADBCD 6~10. CCCBA 11~15. ADDAB
【知识点】
完形语境推理，连词词义辨析，固定短语搭配
【点评】
本题选取热门的“限塑环保”主题，既考查学生对初中英语核心词汇、逻辑关系、固定搭配的掌握能力，也能引导学生树立环境保护意识，所有考点都紧扣初中英语课标要求，大部分空都可以通过上下文的明确提示选出答案，少数空结合生活常识即可判断，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.7