四、句子翻译。
1. 作为学生，我们应该既尊敬老师又对同学友善。
2. 在公共场合，我们应该耐心排队。
3. 你应该习惯在餐桌上说“请”和“谢谢”。
4. 一个真正有礼貌的人关心他人的感受。
5. 当谈到什么是好学生时，每个人都有自己的观点。
1. 作为学生，我们应该既尊敬老师又对同学友善。
As students, we should both respect our teachers and be kind to our classmates.
2. 在公共场合，我们应该耐心排队。
In public places, we should wait in line patiently.
3. 你应该习惯在餐桌上说“请”和“谢谢”。
You should get used to saying “please” and “thank you” at the dinner table.
4. 一个真正有礼貌的人关心他人的感受。
A truly polite person cares about the feelings of others.
5. 当谈到什么是好学生时，每个人都有自己的观点。
When it comes to what makes a good student, everyone has their own opinion.
答案：四、1. As students, we should both respect our teachers and be kind to our classmates. 2. In public places, we should wait in line patiently. 3. You should get used to saying “please” and “thank you” at the dinner table. 4. A truly polite person cares about the feelings of others. 5. When it comes to what makes a good student, everyone has their own opinion.
解析：
【分析】
做这类汉译英句子翻译题，首先要梳理中文句子的主干结构，先确定主语、谓语的核心表达，再匹配对应的英语常用固定搭配，避免逐字硬译。逐句思考逻辑：1. 先确定“作为学生”的对应表达，用“既…又…”的并列结构连接两个并列动作；2. 先写出地点状语“在公共场合”的固定短语，再把“耐心”作为副词修饰排队的动作；3. 调用“习惯做某事”的固定搭配get used to doing，注意后面要接动名词形式；4. 注意主语是单数第三人称，谓语动词要变形为第三人称单数形式；5. 调用“当谈到”的固定句式when it comes to，后面接对应的宾语从句即可，最后检查语法是否通顺，符合英语表达习惯。
【解析】
1. 状语“作为学生”译为As students，主语为we，情态动词should后接并列动作，用both...and...连接“尊敬我们的老师（respect our teachers）”和“对我们的同学友善（be kind to our classmates）”，组合得到对应句子。
2. 地点状语“在公共场合”是固定短语In public places，主语we后接should加动作“排队（wait in line）”，副词patiently修饰动作放在句末，组合得到对应句子。
3. 主语You后接should，固定搭配“习惯做某事”为get used to doing sth，后接动名词短语saying “please” and “thank you”，地点状语at the dinner table放在句末，组合得到对应句子。
4. 主语“一个真正有礼貌的人”译为A truly polite person，主语为第三人称单数，谓语“关心”用第三人称单数形式cares about，宾语“他人的感受”译为the feelings of others，组合得到对应句子。
5. 固定结构“当谈到”译为When it comes to，后接宾语从句what makes a good student，主句译为everyone has their own opinion，组合得到对应句子。
【答案】
1. As students, we should both respect our teachers and be kind to our classmates.
2. In public places, we should wait in line patiently.
3. You should get used to saying “please” and “thank you” at the dinner table.
4. A truly polite person cares about the feelings of others.
5. When it comes to what makes a good student, everyone has their own opinion.
【知识点】
固定短语应用
主谓一致规则
宾语从句用法
【点评】
本题都是和文明礼仪主题相关的基础句子翻译，核心考察课内高频固定搭配的识记和应用，难度较低，翻译时要注意情态动词后接动词原形、副词修饰动词等细节，避免出现搭配错误和语法疏漏。
【难度系数】
0.7
做这类汉译英句子翻译题，首先要梳理中文句子的主干结构，先确定主语、谓语的核心表达，再匹配对应的英语常用固定搭配，避免逐字硬译。逐句思考逻辑：1. 先确定“作为学生”的对应表达，用“既…又…”的并列结构连接两个并列动作；2. 先写出地点状语“在公共场合”的固定短语，再把“耐心”作为副词修饰排队的动作；3. 调用“习惯做某事”的固定搭配get used to doing，注意后面要接动名词形式；4. 注意主语是单数第三人称，谓语动词要变形为第三人称单数形式；5. 调用“当谈到”的固定句式when it comes to，后面接对应的宾语从句即可，最后检查语法是否通顺，符合英语表达习惯。
【解析】
1. 状语“作为学生”译为As students，主语为we，情态动词should后接并列动作，用both...and...连接“尊敬我们的老师（respect our teachers）”和“对我们的同学友善（be kind to our classmates）”，组合得到对应句子。
2. 地点状语“在公共场合”是固定短语In public places，主语we后接should加动作“排队（wait in line）”，副词patiently修饰动作放在句末，组合得到对应句子。
3. 主语You后接should，固定搭配“习惯做某事”为get used to doing sth，后接动名词短语saying “please” and “thank you”，地点状语at the dinner table放在句末，组合得到对应句子。
4. 主语“一个真正有礼貌的人”译为A truly polite person，主语为第三人称单数，谓语“关心”用第三人称单数形式cares about，宾语“他人的感受”译为the feelings of others，组合得到对应句子。
5. 固定结构“当谈到”译为When it comes to，后接宾语从句what makes a good student，主句译为everyone has their own opinion，组合得到对应句子。
【答案】
1. As students, we should both respect our teachers and be kind to our classmates.
2. In public places, we should wait in line patiently.
3. You should get used to saying “please” and “thank you” at the dinner table.
4. A truly polite person cares about the feelings of others.
5. When it comes to what makes a good student, everyone has their own opinion.
【知识点】
固定短语应用
主谓一致规则
宾语从句用法
【点评】
本题都是和文明礼仪主题相关的基础句子翻译，核心考察课内高频固定搭配的识记和应用，难度较低，翻译时要注意情态动词后接动词原形、副词修饰动词等细节，避免出现搭配错误和语法疏漏。
【难度系数】
0.7
五、阅读与回答问题。〔人与社会——历史、社会与文化〕
In the eyes of many foreigners, the Chinese are the best hosts and the worst guests in the world. And Western hosts sometimes look rude in the eyes of Chinese guests. It is because the guest-host relationship(关系) in China is quite different from that in some Western countries.
Whenever I enter a Chinese friend’s home, there is always fruit on the table for me, and someone is quick to bring me a cup of tea or water. In the West, acting according to the host’s way of doing things is the usual behaviour for a guest.
My wife’s mother, a very kind Chinese lady, doesn’t smoke. When I see some of her guests smoking in her house, as a non-smoker I feel unhappy. Usually I want to stop them directly, but I must realize that in China, to be a good host, she must not do that.
In most North American homes, if you are a guest, and the hosts are not smokers, you should not smoke in their houses. At the very least, you should ask “Is it OK if I smoke?” But don’t be surprised if they say “No, you can’t smoke.” In my culture, if you smoke in their houses, you are a bad guest, but if they don’t allow you to smoke in their houses, they are not rude hosts.
In a word, no matter where you are, the best way to be a good guest is to adapt to(适应) the local customs. Just as the saying goes, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.”
1. To many foreigners, who are the best hosts and the worst guests in the world?
2. What is the usual behaviour for a guest in the West?
3. How does the writer feel when he sees some guests smoking in his wife’s mother’s home?
4. If a guest wants to smoke in an American host’s home, what question should he or she ask?
5. If you are a guest, what can’t you do in the host’s house?(请自拟一句话作答)
In the eyes of many foreigners, the Chinese are the best hosts and the worst guests in the world. And Western hosts sometimes look rude in the eyes of Chinese guests. It is because the guest-host relationship(关系) in China is quite different from that in some Western countries.
Whenever I enter a Chinese friend’s home, there is always fruit on the table for me, and someone is quick to bring me a cup of tea or water. In the West, acting according to the host’s way of doing things is the usual behaviour for a guest.
My wife’s mother, a very kind Chinese lady, doesn’t smoke. When I see some of her guests smoking in her house, as a non-smoker I feel unhappy. Usually I want to stop them directly, but I must realize that in China, to be a good host, she must not do that.
In most North American homes, if you are a guest, and the hosts are not smokers, you should not smoke in their houses. At the very least, you should ask “Is it OK if I smoke?” But don’t be surprised if they say “No, you can’t smoke.” In my culture, if you smoke in their houses, you are a bad guest, but if they don’t allow you to smoke in their houses, they are not rude hosts.
In a word, no matter where you are, the best way to be a good guest is to adapt to(适应) the local customs. Just as the saying goes, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.”
1. To many foreigners, who are the best hosts and the worst guests in the world?
The Chinese.
2. What is the usual behaviour for a guest in the West?
Acting according to the host's way of doing things.
3. How does the writer feel when he sees some guests smoking in his wife’s mother’s home?
He feels unhappy.
4. If a guest wants to smoke in an American host’s home, what question should he or she ask?
Is it OK if I smoke?
5. If you are a guest, what can’t you do in the host’s house?(请自拟一句话作答)
I can't talk loudly. (答案不唯一,符合情理即可)
答案：五、1. The Chinese. 2. Acting according to the host's way of doing things. 3. He feels unhappy. 4. Is it OK if I smoke? 5. I can't talk loudly. (答案不唯一,符合情理即可)
解析：
【分析】
这是一篇跨文化主题的阅读问答题，解题思路非常清晰：首先先通读全文，明确文章核心是介绍中西方宾主相处的文化差异，传递“入乡随俗”的理念。之后逐个对照题干划出关键词，带着问题回到原文对应段落定位原句，前4道题都是细节题，直接从原文匹配对应内容即可得到答案，注意回答的人称、时态要和题干提问逻辑匹配；最后第5道是开放性题目，结合日常做客的基本礼仪，写出不符合做客规范的行为、表述通顺符合情理即可。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段第一句"In the eyes of many foreigners, the Chinese are the best hosts and the worst guests in the world"，可直接提取答案。
2. 定位原文第二段最后一句"In the West, acting according to the host’s way of doing things is the usual behaviour for a guest"，直接提取对应表述即可。
3. 定位原文第三段"When I see some of her guests smoking in her house, as a non-smoker I feel unhappy"，将第一人称转换为题干对应的第三人称he，得到答案。
4. 定位原文第四段"At the very least, you should ask “Is it OK if I smoke?”"，直接提取对应的问句即可。
5. 本题为开放性试题，只要表述符合做客的基本礼仪，说明不能做的不文明行为即可，无统一标准答案。
【答案】
1. The Chinese.
2. Acting according to the host's way of doing things.
3. He feels unhappy.
4. Is it OK if I smoke?
5. I can't talk loudly. (答案不唯一,符合情理即可)
【知识点】
英语细节阅读
跨文化交际常识
情景问答表达
【点评】
本题难度较低，前四道题均为原文可直接定位的细节题，重点考察学生快速提取文本信息的能力，同时渗透了中西方待客文化差异的相关知识，最后一道开放题引导学生结合生活常识输出正确的社交礼仪，兼具知识性和思想性。
【难度系数】
0.8
这是一篇跨文化主题的阅读问答题，解题思路非常清晰：首先先通读全文，明确文章核心是介绍中西方宾主相处的文化差异，传递“入乡随俗”的理念。之后逐个对照题干划出关键词，带着问题回到原文对应段落定位原句，前4道题都是细节题，直接从原文匹配对应内容即可得到答案，注意回答的人称、时态要和题干提问逻辑匹配；最后第5道是开放性题目，结合日常做客的基本礼仪，写出不符合做客规范的行为、表述通顺符合情理即可。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段第一句"In the eyes of many foreigners, the Chinese are the best hosts and the worst guests in the world"，可直接提取答案。
2. 定位原文第二段最后一句"In the West, acting according to the host’s way of doing things is the usual behaviour for a guest"，直接提取对应表述即可。
3. 定位原文第三段"When I see some of her guests smoking in her house, as a non-smoker I feel unhappy"，将第一人称转换为题干对应的第三人称he，得到答案。
4. 定位原文第四段"At the very least, you should ask “Is it OK if I smoke?”"，直接提取对应的问句即可。
5. 本题为开放性试题，只要表述符合做客的基本礼仪，说明不能做的不文明行为即可，无统一标准答案。
【答案】
1. The Chinese.
2. Acting according to the host's way of doing things.
3. He feels unhappy.
4. Is it OK if I smoke?
5. I can't talk loudly. (答案不唯一,符合情理即可)
【知识点】
英语细节阅读
跨文化交际常识
情景问答表达
【点评】
本题难度较低，前四道题均为原文可直接定位的细节题，重点考察学生快速提取文本信息的能力，同时渗透了中西方待客文化差异的相关知识，最后一道开放题引导学生结合生活常识输出正确的社交礼仪，兼具知识性和思想性。
【难度系数】
0.8